Abstract: A logical circuit device has a MOS transistor having a source region, a drain region, a channel region defined between the source region and the drain region, and a gate electrode formed above the channel region, respectively formed on a semiconductor substrate. The amplitude of a voltage applied to the gate electrode necessary for making the channel region conductive is not level throughout the channel region in the width direction. Using such a logical circuit device, flip-flop circuits and storage circuits of a multivalued logic type can be realized.

Abstract: Mixed-signal circuitry comprises analog (14) and digital (100, 200) circuitry and is operative repetitively to perform a series of processing cycles. The analog circuitry (14) is operable in each processing cycle to receive a set of digital signals TCK1˜n and to produce one or more analog signals (OUT A, OUT B) in dependence upon the received digital signal TCK1˜n. The digital circuitry (100, 200) is connected to the analog circuitry (14) for applying such a set of digital signals TCK1˜n thereto in each processing cycle. The digital circuitry comprises a first circuitry portion (100) which provides the set of digital signals in first processing cycles of the series and a second circuitry portion (200), separate from the first circuitry portion (100), which provides the set of digital signal in second processing cycles of the series different from, and interleaved with, the first processing cycles.

Abstract: This relates to a method of switching service profiles of a terminal apparatus from one to another and the terminal apparatus itself. The method easily switches service profiles of the terminal apparatus from one to another even from a remote place according to switching conditions such as a switching time. A terminal apparatus is connected to a network 8. The terminal apparatus has a service-state detector 1, a call controller 2, an initialization unit 3, a memory 4, a timer 5, a data registration unit 6, a card reader 7, and an I/O controller 9. The memory 4 stores service profile identifiers (SPIDs) and switching conditions such as a switching time. When the switching conditions are met, a present SPID is switched to a given one, the terminal apparatus is reset, and an end point initialization request is made to the network 8. An end point is initialized, and a service profile for the given SPID is allocated to the terminal apparatus.

Abstract: An interleaved auto-zero analog-to-digital converter includes chopper comparators for comparing an analog input signal to predetermined voltage values. An additional chopper comparator is included for performing the comparison function of a chopper comparator undergoing an auto zero operation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a porous interlayer insulation film including therein a stacking of SiO2 particles having a diameter in the range between about 5 nm and about 50 nm and stacked so as to form a void between adjacent particles, wherein the interlayer insulation film has a porosity in the range between about 13% and about 42%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving a piezo-electric type ink jet head for jetting inks out of a nozzle by making use of a distortion of a piezo-electric element. The driving method includes a first step of driving the piezo-electric element so that a meniscus of inks is receded from an initial position of the nozzle to a first position within the nozzle, a second step of driving the piezo-electric element so that the meniscus quickly advances from the first position to a second position within the nozzle, and a third step of driving the piezo-electric element so that the meniscus slowly advances from the second position to the initial position. A particle quantity of ink particles is changed by changing a movement quantity from the first position to the second position in the second step.

Abstract: An optical amplifying apparatus, an optical output controlling method by the optical amplifying apparatus and an optical transmitting apparatus, in which an optical output constant control is possible irrespective of an optical input level even when power-on is detected or an optical signal inputted after supply of pump light is stopped is recovered.

Abstract: A register address and control data which were serially transferred from an outside by a serial interface unit are received, the received head address is stored into a head address control register, and a head selection signal corresponding to the head address is outputted. When the setting of an automatic head switching mode is received from the outside, an automatic head switching control unit automatically switches the contents of the head address control register and sequentially outputs the head selection signals to a plurality of heads synchronously with a write gate signal (WRGT signal) E8 to instruct the writing operation from the outside.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for gain equalization, for example. First, an optical transmission line including an optical amplifier having a gain changing nonlinearly with wavelength is provided (step (a)). Secondly, gain equalization of the optical transmission line is performed so as to obtain a gain changing substantially linearly with wavelength (step (b)). Finally, gain equalization of the optical transmission line is performed so as to obtain a gain remaining substantially unchanged with wavelength (step (c)). According to this method, gain equalization of the optical transmission line is performed so as to obtain a gain remaining substantially unchanged with wavelength after the step (b) of performing gain equalization so as to obtain a gain changing substantially linearly with wavelength. Accordingly, variations in equalization error due to changes in system condition can be easily suppressed.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus which reduces operator workload at a checkout counter and configured to be inexpensive to manufacture. In particular this optical scanning apparatus is designed so that an operator can scan merchandise without tilting these commodities. Therefore, to use this optical scanning apparatus the operator spots the bar code and slides the merchandise along the checkout counter. The optical scanning apparatus emits laser scanning patterns from the side of the counter and parallel to its surface as well as from above. Therefore whether the bar code is located on the side or top of the merchandise the apparatus is able to read it without tilting the merchandise. This is particular useful when dealing with liquid products, such as beverages or soups, and delicate products, such as cakes. In the case of liquid products, tilting them would run the risk of spilling them on the counter. In the case of delicate products, tilting them runs the risk of disturbing their appearance.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate is prepared which has a principal surface, an exposed pad made of conductive material being formed in a partial area of the principal surface, and the other area of the principal surface being covered with a first insulating film. A base conductive film is formed on the first insulating film and the pad. A photoresist film having a thickness of 50 &mgr;m or thicker is formed on the base conductive film. An opening is formed through the photoresist film in an area corresponding to the pad to expose a partial surface area of the base conductive film. A conductive bump electrode is deposited on the base conductive film exposed on a bottom of the opening. The photoresist film is removed. This method is suitable for making a fine pitch between bump electrodes.

Abstract: An optical read is capable of reading a bar code in a mounted state when an article carrying the bar code passes and of reading bar codes set in an array format on a menu sheet in a hand-held state. The optical reader comprises a light source, a scanner that is driven by a drive and scans light emanating from the light source, a plurality of reflection mirrors that reflect scanning light scanned by the scanner and create a scanning pattern composed of a plurality of scan trajectories, a read window through which scanning light reflected from the reflection mirrors is emitted, and a light receiver for receiving light reflected from a mark. The optical reader further comprises a mode changer (or control unit) for changing a plurality of operation modes among which one or ones of the plurality of scan trajectories to be validated for reading are different.

Abstract: When a fault occurs, a hot-standby cluster takes over the job of the cluster which is at fault, and the load distribution for each job of load-sharing clusters is changed, simplifying the processing for dealing with the fault. Thus the clusters are efficiently used and arranged freely. The system is provided with a plurality of clusters which are operated by one or more of an in-use hot-standby system, a hot-standby waiting system, and a load sharing system for each job according to a table, and of the cluster is provided with a means which instructs a hot-standby waiting cluster to take over the job of a faulty cluster when the job is of the in-use hot-standby system, or instructs another load-sharing cluster to take over the job in a case the job is of the load-sharing system, referring to the table for dealing with a fault at any one of the clusters.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a matrix switch board used for connecting and disconnecting a switching-system line and a subscriber line. The matrix switch board is formed to include a board made of an insulating material, first and second wiring patterns respectively formed on front and back sides of the board so as to cross each other, and through holes provided at cross points of the first and second wiring patterns. A connection pin inserted into at least one of the through holes, electrically connects at least one of the first wiring patterns on the front side and at least one of the second wiring patterns on the back side.

Abstract: A light amplification coupler includes a glass pipe, a first optical fiber having, at one end thereof, an input port to which signal light is inputted and having an output port at the other end thereof, the first optical fiber having an intermediate portion inserted in the glass pipe, a second optical fiber having one end portion adapted to receive pump light, the second optical fiber being inserted in the glass pipe and fused to the first optical fiber, and a third optical fiber having an output port at one end thereof, the other end of the third optical fiber being inserted in the glass pipe from the output port side of the first optical fiber and fused to the first and second optical fibers.

Abstract: An image-forming device such as a full color printer is provided which is designed to correct the speed of a conveyer belt on which print sheets are transported or intervals between image-transferring units for compensating for a shift between colors. The image-forming device has a timer which measures an elapsed time from turning on of the device or release of a sleep mode, a print-off time and a print time and determines a correction value as a function of the times measured by the timer by look-up using a table.

Abstract: A simulator apparatus for a combined simulation of electromagnetic wave analysis and circuit analysis, which is configured to produce stable solutions with a smaller amount of processing loads. An electromagnetic wave analyzer calculates magnetic field at a simulation time tem01 and then electric field at another simulation time tem02 thereby performing a transient analysis of electromagnetic waves. A circuit analyzer solves the given circuit equation at still another simulation time tcs that is incremented by a variable time step size &Dgr;tcs determined in accordance with the circumstances. A current source data transfer unit compares tem01 and tcs, and if their difference falls below a time difference threshold &lgr;1, it calculates current source data for the equivalent circuit, based on the magnetic field obtained by the electromagnetic wave analyzer. The current source data transfer unit then transfers the resultant current source data to the circuit analyzer.

Abstract: In monitoring a network in which nodes such as a host, a hub, rooter, etc. are interconnected, each node is indicated by an icon, and the connection between the nodes is indicated by a line. A node to be regarded is positioned in the center of the map as a root, and a node directly connected to the root is arranged as a node at the second hierarchical level on the circumference of the circle with the root centered. The node connected to the node at the second hierarchical level is arranged as a node at the third hierarchical level on the circumference of the concentric circle, with the root centered, having a larger radius than the node at the second hierarchical level. Similarly, the network configuration is assumed to be a hierarchical structure with the root centered, and an icon indicating an object at a higher hierarchical level is arranged on the circumference of a concentric circle having a larger radius.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an ONO structure for a MONOS type Flash cell includes growing a first silicon oxide layer over a semiconductor substrate. Thereafter, a silicon nitride layer is formed to overlie the first silicon oxide layer, and a polycrystalline silicon layer is deposited to overlie the silicon nitride layer. By utilizing the polycrystalline silicon layer as the top layer of the ONO structure, a resist layer can be cleaned more aggressively than if the top layer of the ONO structure were an oxide layer. A second silicon oxide layer overlies the polycrystalline layer, of the ONO structure. Since the second silicon oxide layer is deposited on top of polycrystalline silicon after the resist material is cleaned, some resist material can remain on the polycrystalline layer without degrading the performance of the MONOS type cell.

Abstract: An editor in a CAD system, which assigns different command functions to each of a plurality of buttons, enables commands for editing processing such as “movement”, “deletion”, and copying” to be issued by the corresponding buttons, and adds one polygon and another polygon by a first button or subtracts them from each other by a second button and, further, even when one of the commands of editing processing is being executed, makes it possible to perform a “change”, “cancellation”, “confirmation”, etc. of the mode of processing by operation of the corresponding buttons, thereby enabling change of a once input parameter or initialization of once input information, whereby the efficiency of work in pattern design using a pointing device can be improved.