Abstract: A printed circuit card made of plastic has a carbonization sensor for protection against smoldering electrical fires. The carbonization sensor contains a first and a second conductor track disposed on the printed circuit card and also a monitoring device. The two conductor tracks are electrically insulated from one another by the plastic, and the monitoring device monitors an insulating state of the two conductor tracks in relation to one another and produces a fault signal. Local overheating of the printed circuit card is detected at an early time by the carbonization sensor, before an avalanche effect caused by the carbonization, which makes the printed circuit card electrically conductive, leads to a smoldering electrical fire.

Abstract: A process for testing circuit boards for serviceability is designed such that a flexible layer (2) that is initially impermeable to current is placed directly on at least one side of the circuit board (1), making contact, and it is dynamically connected to a current conductor (3), the layer (2) is then energized and then a current passage is partially created at the contact points that delimit the respective conductor path (5) that is to be tested, and then the flow of current in the conductor path (5) is measured using the current conductor (3).

Abstract: An operating element for engaging and extraction of a planar sub-assembly with an end-piece prepared for connection to the planar sub-assembly. An operating lever rotatably mounted on the end-piece has at least one grip section and a locking element which may be displaced, in particular shifted between at least two switch positions, whereby in a first switch position, the operating lever is held in a state with the planar sub-assembly in an engaged position and in a second switch position, the operating lever is released for extraction. The operating lever has at least one combined display/switching element.

Abstract: An aircraft cabin equipment control system has control hardware that includes a data processing apparatus and a plurality of interfaces for connection to items of cabin equipment of an aircraft, as well as equipment programs for controlling the cabin equipment. To simplify manufacture of the aircraft cabin equipment control system and to achieve more flexible power distribution within the aircraft, there is provided an aircraft cabin equipment control system which has a configuration manager that records and stores equipment data which characterize both the number of the items of cabin equipment to be controlled and also the type of the items of cabin equipment themselves, and on the basis of the equipment data in conjunction with data characterizing the aircraft to set up configurations which form the basis for control of the cabin equipment.

Abstract: A measuring system for the combined scanning and analysis of microtechnical components comprising electrical contacts contains a cantilever with an electrically conductive probe tip, a piezoresistive sensor that is integrated into the cantilever and a heating-wire actuator that is located in the vicinity of the probe tip. The heating-wire actuator induces mechanical oscillations in the probe tip during scanning operations and can be used during the analyses to produce a preselected tracking force, with which the probe tip lies on the component. The sensor is used during the scanning operation according to AFM methods to maintain a constant distance between the probe tip and the surface of the component and during the analyses to measure the tracking force of the probe tip on the component, and/or to adjust said force with the aid of the heating-wire actuator. A device equipped with a measuring system of this type for the combined scanning and analysis of microtechnical components is also disclosed.

Abstract: To determine an edge bead removal line (17) on a wafer (10), first lines or edges (38, 40, 42, 44) in the edge area (19) of the wafer (10) are detected. A first line area (48) and a second line area (50) are defined on either side of these lines (38, 40, 42, 44). The structures (36) present in these edge areas (48, 50) are compared to each other. From the result of the comparison it is determined whether or not an edge bead removal line (17) is present.

Abstract: A transportation system for a disk-like object and a system for inspecting a disk-like object are disclosed. The transportation system comprises a first element (10) and a second element (20) which are arranged in such a way that between the first element (10) and the second element (20) a free space is formed. The first element (10) has a surface (10a) facing the free space, the second element (20) also has a surface (20a) facing the free space. A plurality of openings (24) is formed in the two surfaces (10a, 20a), through which pressurized air exits in order to hold the disk-like object (11) in the free space (30) in a levitating manner.

Abstract: A method and device for guaranteeing an authorized and process-optimized use of semi-finished pieces for product generation in a production unit are disclosed. In order to guarantee that semi-finished pieces not released for production or similar cannot be processed unknowingly, said method comprises the following steps: reading calibration data for calibration of the production unit to the semi-finished pieces for processing and reading the data on a given maximum number of products to be produced (maximum number) from an external storage medium supplied with the semi-finished product, calibration of the production unit according to the calibration data for the delivered semi-finished products, programming the production unit to the maximum permitted number of products with the best possible calibration, comparison of a number of produced products since an authorized starting point (actual number) with the maximum number and issuing a message on the maximum number being exceeded by the actual number.

Abstract: A process for calibrating the temperature control unit of a vertical gradient freeze crystal growth oven, instead of the fused material a test body (3) is used in the oven (1) that does not melt at the oven temperature, that has a heat conductivity comparable to the fused material and a central bore (4). After turning on the resistance heaters (8, 9, 10) of the oven (1) the temperature at the level of the individual control temperature indicators (11, 12, 13) of the oven (1) is measured via a reference temperature indicator (5) that can be fully inserted into the bore (4) and subsequently the output of the respective resistance heaters (8, 9, 10) is set to a desired temperature value.

Abstract: There is described a method and an arrangement for the metrological detection of the differences in the visually perceived color impression between a multi-color patterned surface (10) of a reference and a multi-color patterned surface (12) of a test item. Concomitantly changes in the color statistics and in other color variation rates of the test item compared to a reference, and changes in the picture definition of the pattern of the test item compared to the reference, are determined by means of spatial sensors (24) provided with color capability, such as color picture cameras and displayed. According to the invention, a common variation rate for the visually perceived color variation of multi-color patterned surfaces with references is established by a combination of the two variations.

Abstract: Located on the right and left sides of a housing of an automobile radio for example is one detent spring each projecting from the housing, which spring is retractable to enable insertion of the housing into a mounting slot and which, by rotating a catch, is retractable into the housing. By rotating the catches in the other direction of rotation, the detent springs are again released. Disposed eccentrically on the top side of each catch is a pin for which a guide channel is located in the mounting slot so that the housing may be inserted into the mounting slot only with the detent springs projecting from the housing. After complete insertion of the housing into the mounting slot, the detent springs snap in place against detent edges of the mounting slot to lock the housing in place. To remove the housing from the mounting slot, the detent springs are retracted into the housing by rotating the catch.

Abstract: A test probe for a finger tester for the testing of non-componented circuit boards has a test needle with a probe tip which may be brought into contact with a circuit board test point, and which may be pivotably attached to a mount by means of at least two flexible sprung retaining arms. It is distinguished by the fact that at least one of the retaining arms is made of an electrically conductive material and is electrically connected to the test needle. In a corresponding finger tester, the test probe is driven by a linear motor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a radio reception system, which comprises a plurality of receivers assigned to a common output device, in which one of the receivers is designated as audio receiver and is tuned to a frequency of a radio transmitter, and outputs a signal received from the transmitter to the output device. At least one second receiver is designated as search receiver, and continuously searches its own reception frequency band for a frequency of the same transmitter. The system changes to a frequency of this transmitter, which was found by the search receiver, if the quality of the signal received by the audio receiver falls below a certain limit.

Abstract: A monitoring system in a motor vehicle, for detecting an incorrectly locked detent connection between a gas bag module and a vehicle-fixed component, includes first and second detent elements complementary to each other. A signal circuit is provided, having first and second contact elements which are part of a switch arranged in the signal circuit, a monitoring signal being generated when the switch is closed. The contact elements are in electrical contact with each other, with the switch being closed, only in an incorrectly locked state of the first and second detent elements only.

Abstract: A diversity receiver system includes a plurality of radio receivers that each provide a uniquely associated receiver output signal and a uniquely associated receiver control signal indicative of the amount of gain applied by the associated radio receiver to create the uniquely associated receiver output signal. A selection mechanism receives the receiver control signals, and determines which of the radio receivers has applied the smallest gain correction to its associated receiver output signal, and provides a diversity receiver output signal indicative of the receiver output signal associated with the receiver that applied the smallest gain correction.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a conjugate comprising two polypeptides with a mutual affinity, the polypeptides being connected with each other via a linker. This invention also concerns the use of such a conjugate to influence interactions between proteins.

Abstract: A steering wheel comprises a gas bag module having a visible front side (26) with a gas generator carrier (17) on which a gas generator (21) is mounted, and several switches (15). The gas generator carrier (17) extends to close to the front side (26) of said gas bag module and forms at least one section of a common accommodation housing to accommodate said several switches (15).

Abstract: The invention relates to an airbag module that is integrated into a steering wheel and that can be moved relative to the steering wheel in order to actuate a horn. The airbag module comprises a horn switch provided on the module which, when the module is moved, is transferred into a switching position that causes the horn to be activated. A hollow profile made of elastomer is provided which is equipped with the horn switch and lies against the module. The invention further relates to a vehicle steering wheel equipped with such an airbag module.

Abstract: A wafer probe station is provided with a wafer chuck, a wafer fastened on the chuck by vacuum suction, and a probe needle arrangement above the wafer to test the wafer at high frequencies by contacting selected pads on the wafer and alternately pads on a calibration substrate also fastened on the wafer chuck. A procedure for reproduction of a calibration position of an aligned and afterwards displaced calibration substrate uses first and second measurement systems to calculate a new offset position of the calibration substrate after a second wafer is loaded on the wafer chuck. In a last step, the wafer chuck is driven by a 4axis manipulator stage to the new calibration position from the recent position.

Abstract: A side impact beam for a motor vehicle comprising a beam part having a closed section and an insertion part provided in the beam part.