Abstract: A recording medium, method and apparatus for recording and/or reproducing digital data streams are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a reflection-type optical modulation module. According to the reflection-type optical modulation module, an anti-reflective thin film is formed on the optical input/output side surface of a waveguide to reduce optical coupling loss, and also a high-reflective thin film is formed on the opposite side surface to feed back a modulated optical signal. Thus, even when the length of an absorption layer is shortened, a sufficient optical path length is available, and it is possible to obtain a sufficient extinction ratio. Since the optical path length is sufficiently long despite a reduction in the length of the device, capacitance is reduced, and high-speed operation is enabled. In addition, only one lensed optical fiber for optical input and output is used, and thus it is possible to reduce production cost and the number of installation processes.

Abstract: The recess channel transistor includes: a semiconductor substrate including a device insulation layer defining an activation region in which recesses are formed; insulation buffer patterns, each of which is formed at an opening of the recess on a surface of the substrate; gates, each of which includes a recess gate formed in the recess and a top gate formed on the substrate; spacers, each of which is formed at both sides of the gate; and a source region and a drain region formed at both sides of each gate on the surface of the substrate, where the source and drain regions have an even doping profile due to the existence of insulation buffer patterns. Accordingly, characteristics of the transistor can be prevented from deteriorating due to misalignment of the top gate with the recess gate.

Abstract: A flexible substrate includes: a flexible base substrate; a plurality of display structures on a first surface of the flexible base substrate; and a barrier coating on a second surface of the flexible base substrate to prevent contaminants from penetrating into the display structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing a liquid crystal display device are provided to detect a defect location precisely and rapidly without requiring a jig. The method includes providing an inspection apparatus as a removable portion of the liquid crystal display device; inspecting the display part of the liquid crystal display device using the inspection apparatus; removing the inspection apparatus from the liquid crystal display device after the inspection is completed; and attaching driving circuits to the liquid crystal display device having the inspection apparatus removed therefrom.

Abstract: A display device includes a panel assembly which forms an image, an accommodating member which accommodates the panel assembly, at least one printed circuit board (“PCB”) installed on a back side of the accommodating member, and an electromagnetic wave shielding member disposed between the accommodating member and the PCB, and including a plurality of protrusions.

Abstract: High voltage schottky diodes are provided including a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate and a second conductivity type well region defined by the substrate. A first conductive film is provided on a surface of the substrate including the well. A conductive electrode is provided on at least one side of the first conductive film above the substrate including the well. An insulating film is provided between the conductive electrode and the substrate. A cathode contact region is provided outside the conductive electrode remote from the first conductive film. The cathode contact region is doped with high concentration impurities having a second conductive type.

Abstract: A hybrid voltage supply apparatus, a method of controlling the same, and an electronic system employing the hybrid voltage supply apparatus as a power supply are provided. The hybrid voltage supply apparatus includes a hybrid voltage supply apparatus including a main power supply, an auxiliary power supply, and a first voltage adjustment unit which operates in any one of a feed-forward driving mode and a feed-back driving mode according to at least one operating parameter of the main power supply, and adjusts an output voltage of the main power supply to a first predetermined DC voltage.

Abstract: According to one aspect, there is provided a refrigerator including a refrigerating chamber formed at a relatively upper portion of a refrigerator body and a freezing chamber formed at a relatively lower portion of the refrigerator body, which comprises an ice-making chamber which is partitioned in the refrigerating chamber by insulating walls and includes an icemaker for making ice and an ice storage for storing the ice made in the icemaker. The temperature in the refrigerating chamber can be accurately controlled, the loss of cold air can be minimized and the structures for supplying water into the icemaker and the dispenser can be simplified.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for hierarchically communicating information between a user and an information providing server that provides information requested by the user. The system includes at least one sensor node, upon receipt of an information request message sent by the user through a terminal, searching for information corresponding to the information request message in a first cache mounted therein and sending the information request message if the corresponding information is not found in the first cache, and a cache server, upon receipt of the information request message from the at least one sensor node, searching for the information corresponding to the information request message in a second cache mounted therein, sending the information request message to the information providing server if the corresponding information is not found in the second cache, receiving the corresponding information, transmitting the received information to the sensor node, and updating the second cache.

Abstract: A light guide plate (200) includes a block body (210) and a plurality of first prisms (220). The block body (210) has a light input surface (211), a light output surface (212) adjoining the light input surface (211) and a bottom surface (213) opposite to the light output surface (212). The light input surface (211) includes a plurality of flat portions (216) and at least one inwardly curved portion (215). The first prisms (220) are arranged on the inwardly curved portion (215) of the light input surface (211) and extend from the bottom surface (213) of the block body (210) to the light output surface (212) of the block body (210).

Abstract: According to one aspect, there is provided a refrigerator including a refrigerating chamber formed at a relatively upper portion of a refrigerator body and a freezing chamber formed at a relatively lower portion of the refrigerator body, which comprises an ice-making chamber which is partitioned in the refrigerating chamber by insulating walls and includes an icemaker for making ice and an ice storage for storing the ice made in the icemaker. The temperature in the refrigerating chamber can be accurately controlled, the loss of cold air can be minimized and the structures for supplying water into the icemaker and the dispenser can be simplified.

Abstract: Provided are a method of fabricating a multilayered thin film transistor using a plastic substrate and an active matrix display device including the thin film transistor fabricated by the method. The method includes: preparing a substrate formed of plastic; forming a buffer insulating layer on the plastic substrate; forming a silicon layer on the buffer insulating layer; patterning the silicon layer to form an active layer; forming a gate insulating layer on the active layer; stacking a plurality of gate metal layers on the gate insulating layer; patterning the plurality of gate metal layers; and etching a corner region of the lowest gate metal layer formed on the gate insulating layer of the patterned gate metal layers. Accordingly, a gate metal is formed which includes a multilayered gate metal layer and has an etched corner region, thereby reducing an electric field of the corner to reduce a leakage current of the TFT.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory devices support programming and verify operations that improve threshold-voltage distribution within programmed memory cells. This improvement is achieved by reducing a magnitude of the programming voltage steps and increasing a duration of the verify operations once at least one of the plurality of memory cells undergoing programming has been verified as a “passed” memory cell. The nonvolatile memory device includes an array of nonvolatile memory cells and a control circuit, which is electrically coupled to the array of nonvolatile memory cells. The control circuit is configured to perform a plurality of memory programming operations (P) by driving a selected word line in the array with a first stair step sequence of program voltages having first step height (e.g.

Abstract: A golf swing posture correction apparatus and method therefor are provided. Provided is the golf swing posture correction system apparatus capable of detecting movement of an anchored leg in a golf swing and notifying a user, thereby correcting a golf swing posture. The anchored leg is a left leg for a right-handed person and a right leg for a left-handed person. The golf swing posture correction apparatus detects the movement of the anchored leg, and processes a detected signal, thereby generating sound via a speaker or vibration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of restenosis following a blood vessel injury procedure, comprising obovatol as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new approach for the treatment of G-protein coupled receptor based disease. This approach comprises altering the physiology of G-protein coupled receptor based responses by exerting chemical control over the cellular distribution of the receptor. This approach allows a method for phenotypic screening for candidate compounds which disrupt GPCR distribution signaling activity and are therefore candidates for the treatment of GPCR related conditions. Compounds that create an altered distribution of GPCR upon exposure to the cell are identified. The method then uses these molecules to alter physiology through their effect on receptor distribution and reduction to practice is demonstrated in an ex-vivo model of G-protein coupled receptor activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of controlling power of a terminal in a mobile communication system. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a code division multiple access (CDMA) code is transmitted to a base station to perform an initial ranging process. Then, when a response signal to the transmitted CDMA code is not received from the base station, the initial ranging process is attempted again a predetermined number of times that is set beforehand. When the initial ranging process that is performed the predetermined number of times fails, a status of the terminal is switched to a sleep mode in which the terminal is completely turned off. Then, when the sleep mode ends, only a predetermined functional unit of the terminal that can measure the propagation environment between the terminal and the base station is turned on to measure the propagation environment.

Abstract: A method of forming a cell identification includes forming a metal layer on a substrate, coating a photoresist material on the metal layer to form a photoresist film, exposing the photoresist film through a mask including a light-blocking pattern corresponding to a cell identification pattern, developing an exposed photoresist film, etching the metal layer using a developed photoresist film to form a metal pattern including the cell identification pattern, and irradiating a laser beam onto a symbol of the cell identification pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a method of bonding a wire of a semiconductor package, by which a loop height may be reduced and/or a bonding reliability may be enhanced. In the method, a ball bump may be formed on a bonding pad on a semiconductor chip using a capillary through which a wire may be supplied. The wire may then be cut from the ball bump using the capillary. Subsequently, the capillary may be moved to an interconnection corresponding to the bonding pad of the semiconductor chip to perform stitch bonding of the wire supplied through the capillary on the interconnection. The capillary may again be moved to the ball bump formed on the bonding pad to bond the wire on the ball bump.