`BA-74-114` Kentucky Bluegrass
A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot and melting out disease, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew; a dark green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form medium to high quality turf under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade; a low growth habit; and a medium level of seed yielding capacity.
Latest OMS Investments, Inc. Patents:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pretensis that has been designated Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Pat. Nos. P.P. 6,537 and 6,538, issued on Jan. 17, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 9,036, issued Jan. 3, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 9,209, issued Jul. 18, 1995; and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/453,864, filed May 30, 1995.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETYBa 74-114 plant material originated by crossing a Vantage Kentucky bluegrass plant as the seed parent with an Anheuser Dwarf Kentucky bluegrass plant as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later seed production fields. Asexual production of Ba 74-114 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba74-114 is approximately 95% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 74-114 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot; Scherotinia homoeocarpa that causes dollar spot; Puccinia spp. that causes several types of rust infections; Erysiphe graminis that causes powdery mildew and Ustilago striiformis that causes stripe smut. Ba 74-114 has an attractive leafy turf type, low growth habit; moderately wide leaf blades and an attractive dark green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season. Ba 74-114 demonstrates strong early spring greening and good winter color under mild winter conditions.
Ba 74-114 is an overall good turfgrass performer as evidenced by medium to high scores for quality and color. Ba 74-114 has a medium seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of the northwestern U.S.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses, Ba 74-114 has a significantly longer seed and rachilla than many other grasses and a below average seed count. The panicle is significantly longer than many other grasses, below average in width and whorl number and a significantly lower branch count. Ba 74-114 has significantly larger spikelets, longer glumes and above average number of florets. Its culm and internode are significantly longer than many other grasses. The peduncle is slightly above average in length and width. It has a flag leaf that is above average in length and width and significantly thicker than many other grasses. The vegetative leaf is below average in length but it is a significantly wider leaf than most other grasses and significantly thicker than many other grasses. The ligule of the vegetative leaf is significantly shorter and sheath color is significantly greater than many other grasses.
Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass is lower growing, darker green in color and substantially more resistant to leaf spot disease than Vantage Kentucky Bluegrass, its seed parent. Ba 74-114 is a higher seed yielder and a more vigorous plant than Anheuser Kentucky Bluegrass, its pollen parent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGFIG. 1 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass plant shortly after completing anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETYBA 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during later winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 44.9 cm in length and 3.7 nodes per culm and the uppermost internode averages 13.4 cm in length. The peduncle averages 24.7 cm in length and 0.71 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 18.9 cm in length, 4.5 mm in width and 0.36 mm in thickness and the ligule 0.14 mm in length. The flag leaf averages 5.3 cm in length, 3.4 mm in width, 0.23 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 1.2 mm.
The panicle averages 88.8 mm in length, 52.0 mm in width, and 9.3 whorls. Both the lowest whorl and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle average 2.1 branches. A spikelet in the lowest whorl averages 5.6 mm in length, 3.2 mm in width, 4.1 florets and the outer glume and inner glume average 3.5 and 3.9 mm in length, respectively. A spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle averages 5.6 mm in length, 3.3 mm in width, 4.1 florets, and the outer glume and inner glume averages 3.3 and 3.8 mm in length, respectively.
After the seed has been conditioned, the lemma has a generally smooth keel with occasional short hairs and a few long fine hairs at the base. Conditioned seed of Ba 74-114 averages 3.23 mm in length, 0.89 mm in width, a rachilla length of 0.88 mm, and, contains an average quantity of lemma hairs. The seed count for Ba 74-114 averages approximately 978,000 seeds per pound.
Comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in terms of seed dimension and seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2 as follows:
TABLE 1
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Morphological Comparison of Seed and Rachilla Measurements
and Lemma Hair of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties at Marysville, OH After Conditioning
Seed
Length Width Rachilla
Lemma*
Variety mm mm mm Hair
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Ba 74-114 3.23 0.89 0.88 4.2
Ba73-366 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4
Ba73-381 3.00 0.94 0.86 4.9
Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8
Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4
America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8
Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0
Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3
Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5
Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0
Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5
Georgetown
2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9
Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1
Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2
Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7
Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7
Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4
Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0
Touchdown 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6
Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5
LSD (.05) 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86
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*Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = longest row of hairs
TABLE 2
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Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 74-114 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville,
OH After Conditioning
Variety Seeds Per Pound
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 978,000
Ba73-366 1,025,586
Ba73-381 1,171,000
Abbey 1,003,037
Adelphi 1,383,976
America 1,659,824
Baron 1,051,693
Bristol 1,270,821
Chateau 1,300,105
Coventry 1,246,200
Eclipse 1,335,668
Georgetown 1,431,000
Gnome 1,017,641
Kelly 921,166
Marquis 1,054,642
Midnight 1,227,000
Nassau 1,127,130
Ram I 1,214,000
Touchdown 1,211,000
Victa 1,038,298
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Ba 74-114 differs significantly morphologically from many other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to the following characteristics: (1) seed length; (2) rachilla length; (3) panicle length; (4) number of branches in the whorl; (5) spikelet length and width; (6) glume length and width; (7) culm length and internode length; (8) flag leaf thickness; and (9) vegetative leaf width and sheath color.
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of morphological characteristics of Ba 74-114 were made with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties and the comparisons are set forth in the following Tables 3-8:
TABLE 3
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Morphological Comparison of Panicles, Whorl Number and
Whorl Branches of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
Number
Panicles of Branches
Nod- Length Width Whorl Lowest
Third
Variety ding* mm mm Number Whorl Whorl
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Ba 74-114
2.0 88.8 62.0 9.3 2.1 2.1
Ba73-366
1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7
Ba73-381
1.1 80.2 55.3 9.8 4.1 3.9
Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3
Adelphi 1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0
America 2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5
Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8
Bristol 2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7
Chateau 2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8
Coventry
2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5
Eclipse 1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1
George- 1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6
town
Gnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9
Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7
Marquis 1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6
Midnight
2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0
Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1
Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2
Touchdown
1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3
LSD (.05)
0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.50
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*Rate Scale: 1-9; 9 = most nodding
TABLE 4
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Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Florets of
Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
Number
of Florets
Spikelet* Per
Lowest Whorl
Third Whorl Spikelet
Length Width Length
Width Lowest
Third
Variety mm mm mm mm Whorl Whorl
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Ba 74-114
5.6 3.2 5.6 3.3 4.1 4.1
Ba73-366 4.6 2.5 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.8
Ba73-381 4.7 2.4 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.7
Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0
Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4
America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3
Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2
Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5
Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5
Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5
Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6
Georgetown
5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9
Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2
Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8
Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9
Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7
Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3
Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4
Touchdown
5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0
Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2
LSD (.05)
0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53
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*Microscope measurements
TABLE 5
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Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
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Glume Length (mm)
Outer Inner
Lowest Third Lowest
Third
Variety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl
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Ba 74-114 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.8
Ba73-366 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1
Ba73-381 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1
Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1
Adelphi 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1
America 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5
Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7
Bristol 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4
Chateau 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2
Coventry 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1
Eclipse 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4
Georgetown 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1
Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3
Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5
Marquis 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
Midnight 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1
Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0
Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5
Touchdown 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8
Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
LSD (.05) 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23
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Glume Hairs*
Lowest Whorl Third Whorl
Variety Outer Inner Outer Inner
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Ba 74-114 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.8
Ba73-366 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0
Ba73-381 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.3
Abbey 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0
Adelphi 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9
America 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3
Baron 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6
Bristol 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2
Chateau 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8
Coventry 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4
Eclipse 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9
Georgetown 1.7 2.7 1.2 2.4
Gnome 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6
Kelly 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8
Marquis 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8
Midnight 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4
Nassau 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4
Ram I 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2
Touchdown 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4
Victa 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3
LSD (.05) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
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*Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = most hairs
TABLE 6
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Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
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Length Width Thickness
Variety cm mm mm Angle.sup.1/
Curve.sup.2/
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Ba 74-114
5.3 3.4 0.23 1.4 5.0
Ba73-366 4.5 3.6 0.18 5.1 4.4
Ba73-381 4.3 3.5 0.22 1.9 5.0
Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.14 2.7 4.1
Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.18 5.2 5.0
America 4.3 2.6 0.21 4.6 5.0
Baron 7.0 4.2 0.15 9.2 4.4
Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.21 2.3 5.0
Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.19 3.4 2.0
Coventry 3.7 3.0 0.14 0.7 4.3
Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.19 8.7 5.0
Georgetown
5.7 2.8 0.22 1.9 5.0
Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.18 4.3 5.0
Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.18 3.1 4.4
Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.24 2.7 4.6
Midnight 3.8 2.6 0.19 1.1 5.0
Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.19 5.9 4.7
Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.19 1.0 4.8
Touchdown
4.1 2.7 0.16 3.4 4.1
Victa 3.9 3.7 0.27 2.1 4.6
LSD (.05)
1.0 0.4 0.02 2.5 0.4
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Hairs.sup.3/
Leaf Sheath
Variety Ligule mm Margin Ligule
Color.sup.4/
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Ba 74-114 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.8
Ba73-366 1.5 0.4 2.2 0.5
Ba73-381 1.3 0.4 3.6 1.5
Abbey 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2
Adelphi 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4
America 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9
Baron 1.2 1.0 3.8 2.6
Bristol 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.0
Chateau 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.3
Coventry 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.0
Eclipse 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2
Georgetown 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0
Gnome 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.5
Kelly 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.2
Marquis 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.5
Midnight 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.0
Nassau 1.1 2.6 2.4 0.8
Ram I 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.0
Touchdown 1.1 1.0 1.0 7.7
Victa 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5
LSD (.05) 0.17 0.47 0.7 0.76
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.sup.1/ Degrees from the stem
.sup.2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down
.sup.3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
.sup.4/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = dark purple
TABLE 7
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Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Node
Numbers Per Culm and Internode Length of Ba 74-114 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse
at Marysville, OH
Peduncle Peduncle Culm Nodes Top
Length Width Length
Per Internode
Variety cm mm cm Culm Length cm
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Ba 74-114
24.7 0.71 44.9 3.7 13.4
Ba73-366 26.4 0.70 42.7 4.1 9.2
Ba73-381 24.3 0.81 39.5 3.1 10.8
Abbey 23.2 0.65 41.3 4.1 11.0
Adelphi 24.5 0.66 40.0 4.0 10.4
America 16.2 0.62 31.8 3.1 11.0
Baron 34.0 0.70 52.8 4.2 12.8
Bristol 22.9 0.73 43.5 4.0 12.6
Chateau 20.7 0.61 38.9 4.4 9.9
Coventry 19.6 0.49 34.7 4.5 7.9
Eclipse 23.7 0.66 39.2 4.9 9.9
Georgetown
21.7 0.68 37.5 3.2 11.1
Gnome 19.4 0.84 35.3 3.1 9.2
Kelly 29.4 0.75 46.6 3.6 11.8
Marquis 27.1 0.83 34.1 3.4 7.8
Midnight 20.5 0.72 29.5 2.8 7.6
Nassau 25.0 0.66 36.0 3.9 7.4
Ram I 22.2 0.69 30.5 2.5 6.6
Touchdown
23.6 0.52 38.0 4.0 8.4
Victa 21.2 0.81 37.9 3.7 10.3
LSD (.05)
3.2 0.08 3.3 0.4 1.9
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TABLE 8
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Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves of Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse
at Marysville, OH
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Length
Width Thickness Leaf
Variety cm mm mm Angle.sup.1/
Curve.sub.2/
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Ba 74-114
18.9 4.5 0.36 50.9 5.0
Ba73-366 22.9 3.8 0.40 53.0 7.1
Ba73-381 22.1 3.3 0.30 62.5 8.2
Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.28 51.3 7.4
Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.28 67.0 4.6
America 21.4 3.1 0.32 66.0 6.4
Baron 18.2 4.3 0.29 35.0 4.4
Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.32 65.5 6.9
Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.33 39.7 5.4
Coventry 23.4 3.6 0.25 63.0 7.3
Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.30 65.5 5.4
Georgetown
19.5 3.6 0.29 56.7 5.8
Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.29 43.2 6.6
Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.30 55.5 7.0
Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.38 46.4 7.8
Midnight 19.5 3.5 0.31 63.3 5.0
Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.29 63.2 4.9
Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.27 70.8 6.5
Touchdown
16.7 3.7 0.24 51.3 4.0
Victa 21.5 3.6 0.36 56.3 6.7
LSD (.05)
3.5 0.43 0.04 15.9 1.5
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Ligule
Hairs.sup.3/
Length Leaf Leaf Sheath Sheath
Variety mm Ligule Margin
Roughness.sup.4/
Color.sup.5/
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Ba 74-114
0.14 3.3 2.6 8.7 2.0
Ba73-366 0.23 5.2 4.2 8.5 0.0
Ba73-381 0.16 3.2 0.7 8.2 2.0
Abbey 0.32 4.4 2.8 7.7 0.0
Adelphi 0.34 2.6 3.4 8.8 0.0
America 0.12 1.7 2.1 8.4 2.0
Baron 0.33 4.6 3.6 7.4 0.4
Bristol 0.12 2.6 3.0 8.9 2.0
Chateau 0.22 3.3 3.1 7.8 0.5
Coventry 0.32 3.1 2.4 8.1 0.3
Eclipse 0.38 2.8 2.6 9.0 0.2
Georgetown
0.14 2.5 2.4 8.5 2.0
Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.8 7.5 1.4
Kelly 0.34 4.6 2.4 8.8 0.0
Marquis 0.21 3.6 1.1 6.8 1.1
Midnight 0.10 1.3 1.6 7.7 2.0
Nassau 0.34 2.5 3.3 8.5 1.4
Ram I 0.09 1.8 2.0 7.7 2.0
Touchdown
0.29 1.4 1.3 7.9 8.0
Victa 0.26 2.3 1.7 7.9 0.1
LSD (.05)
0.04 0.79 0.70 0.89 0.57
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.sup.1/ Degrees from the stem
.sup.2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down
.sup.3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
.sup.4/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = rough; 9 = smooth
.sup.5/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple color
Ba 74-114 has performed well throughout the U.S., as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in comparison to many other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a deep dark green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season.
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 74-114 plants relative to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the vegetative color of Ba 74-114 during mid-May while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 74-114 was determined to be 7.5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 73-381 -- 5GY 4/4; Ba 73-366 -- 5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-540 -- 5 GY 4/4; Abbey -- 5 GY 3/4; and Coventry -- 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color or turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieities for quality, genetic color, spring greening and winter color are set forth hereinafter in Tables 9-15:
TABLE 9
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A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Seven Locations in the U.S.
Locations.sup.1/
Variety 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
______________________________________
Va 74-114 6.4 7.3 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.3 4.9
Ba73-366 7.2 5.1 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.7
Ba73-381 6.9 5.1 5.4 4.2 5.3 4.2 4.1
Abbey 6.9 5.1 5.5 4.9 5.1 3.5 4.2
Able I 7.5 7.3 5.9 5.2 5.7 5.9 4.7
Banff 6.6 6.2 6.1 5.3 4.6 5.1 4.2
Baron 7.2 5.4 5.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 4.6
Challenger 6.6 7.3 4.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 4.8
Classic 6.9 5.5 6.2 5.5 4.3 5.6 4.0
Coventry 6.3 7.2 5.9 5.3 5.8 5.3 4.9
Eclipse 6.7 5.9 6.5 5.7 5.1 5.9 4.9
Estate 7.0 6.4 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.2
Georgetown 6.6 6.3 6.6 5.7 4.9 5.7 4.1
Glade 7.4 7.5 7.5 5.2 5.6 4.5 4.7
Gnome 6.8 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7
Haga 6.7 5.9 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.7 4.1
Kelly 7.2 5.7 5.8 4.1 5.0 5.2 5.1
Kenblue 6.4 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.2
Liberty 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.7 6.0 5.3 4.2
Marquis 6.8 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.0
Merion 5.1 2.7 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.8 4.7
Merit 6.9 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.7
Midnight 7.1 7.9 8.3 6.6 4.7 5.7 4.6
Monopoly 6.5 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.8 5.1 3.9
Nassau 6.9 5.8 6.4 4.5 5.5 5.5 3.9
Ram I 7.8 7.3 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.7
South Dakota
6.6 4.3 3.0 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.3
Touchdown 7.2 7.1 4.2 5.2 3.3 5.1 4.8
LSD (.05) 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.7
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-0; 9 = ideal turf
.sup.1/ Locations: 1 -- Ames, IA; 2 -- Post Falls, ID; 3 -- Adelphia NJ;
-- Martinsville, NJ; 5 -- Hubbard, OR; 6 -- pooled data from Halsey,
Hubbard and Gervais, OR; 7 -- Haymarket, VA.
TABLE 10
______________________________________
A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in the Shade in
Four Tests (A-D) Conducted at Marysville, OH
Quality Tests
Variety A B C D
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.0
Adelphi 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.8
Bonnieblue 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.8
Bristol 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.9
Fylking 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.5
Merion 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.8
Merit 1.4 1.9 2.2 1.9
Newport 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3
Nugget 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.3
Park 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.9
Pennstar 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.8
Victa 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.8
Mean 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1
LSD (.05) 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = ideal turf
TABLE 11
______________________________________
A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties Grown under Shade Conditions in Five
Tests (A-E) Conducted at Marysville, OH
Qualily Tests
Variety A B C D E
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.1 7.0
Ba73-366 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.5 6.0
Ba73-381 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.6 6.5
Adelphi 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.6 7.5
Bristol 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.0 6.0
Dormie 1.5 3.0 1.9 1.7 5.5
Glade 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 6.0
Merion 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 5.5
Monopoly 1.8 3.0 1.9 2.2 7.0
Nassau 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.7 6.5
Park 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.7 6.0
Ram I 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 6.0
Vantage 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.0 6.5
Victa 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.3 6.0
Wabash 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.3 5.5
Mean 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.7 6.3
LSD (.05) 0.44 1.2 0.34 0.39 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale for Tests A-D: 1-5; 5 = best
Rating Scale for Test E: 1-9; 9 = best
TABLE 12
______________________________________
A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 74-114 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Three Tests (A-C)
Conducted at Ten (10) Locations in the US
TESTS (Annual Means)
Variety A B C
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 7.0 7.2 7.2
Ba73-366 5.5 5.5 5.9
Ba73-381 6.0 5.7 6.4
Abbey 5.6 5.9 5.8
Able I 6.6 6.8 6.8
A-34 5.0 5.4 4.6
Banff 5.1 6.0 5.5
Baron 6.0 6.0 5.9
Classic 5.2 5.9 5.2
Coventry 5.9 5.6 5.8
Eclipse 6.3 6.6 6.4
Estate 5.8 5.3 5.3
Georgetown 5.2 6.1 5.3
Glade 6.7 6.3 6.7
Gnome 6.0 6.1 5.8
Haga 5.1 5.8 5.3
Kelly 5.6 5.7 6.1
Kenblue 4.6 5.0 5.3
Marquis 6.1 6.1 6.4
Merion 5.7 5.8 5.4
Merit 5.7 5.7 6.2
Midnight 7.1 7.3 7.7
Monopoly 4.8 4.9 4.8
Nassau 6.0 6.6 6.5
Ram I 6.7 5.9 6.6
South Dakota
4.5 4.8 4.7
Touchdown 5.5 5.5 5.3
LSD (.05) 0.5 0.4 0.7
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = dark green.
TABLE 13
______________________________________
A Comparison of Spring Greenup for Ba 74-114 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Two Locations
Spring Greenup
North Brunswick,
Martinsville,
Variety NJ NJ Mean
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 7.0 5.7 6.3
Ba73-366 4.0 5.0 4.5
Ba73-381 3.3 4.0 3.7
Abbey 3.7 5.7 4.7
Able I 3.7 6.7 5.2
A-34 4.7 6.0 5.3
Banff 5.0 5.3 5.2
Baron 2.3 5.3 3.8
Classic 6.0 5.7 5.8
Coventry 2.7 5.3 4.0
Eclipse 5.3 5.0 5.2
Estate 2.7 5.3 4.0
Georgetown
4.7 4.7 4.7
Glade 3.3 6.7 5.0
Gnome 3.3 6.3 4.8
Haga 4.0 5.3 4.7
Kelly 3.7 6.0 4.8
Kenblue 4.0 5.0 4.5
Liberty 5.3 5.3 5.3
Marquis 3.0 5.7 4.3
Merion 6.3 6.3 6.3
Merit 3.3 6.7 5.0
Midnight 3.3 6.0 4.7
Monopoly 4.0 6.7 5.3
Nassau 6.3 5.0 5.7
Ram I 5.0 7.0 6.0
South Dakota
5.3 3.7 4.5
Touchdown 5.3 7.0 6.2
LSD (.05) 1.2 1.5 0.9
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = completely green
TABLE 14
______________________________________
A Comparison of Spring Greenup for Ba 74-114 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Variety Spring Greenup
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 4.7
Ba73-366 3.0
Ba73-381 3.3
Banff 4.0
Baron 3.5
Bristol 4.3
Classic 3.0
Eclipse 4.3
Georgetown 4.0
Glade 3.3
Kenblue 4.0
Merion 4.7
Merit 3.7
Nassau 4.0
Newport 4.0
Park 3.0
Ram I 3.0
Vantage 4.3
Victa 3.3
LSD (.05) 1.0
______________________________________
Rating scale: 1-9; 9 = completely green
TABLE 15
______________________________________
A Comparison of Winter Color of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Two Locations in the U.S.
Locations.sup.1/
Variety 1 2 Mean
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 2.7 7.0 4.8
Ba73-366 3.0 5.7 4.3
Ba73-381 2.7 2.7 2.7
Abbey 3.3 5.7 4.5
Able I 4.0 7.0 5.5
A-34 4.0 4.3 4.2
Banff 4.0 5.0 4.5
Baron 3.7 3.7 3.7
Classic 4.0 5.7 4.8
Coventry 2.7 4.3 3.5
Eclipse 3.3 5.7 4.5
Estate 3.7 5.3 4.5
Georgetown 4.7 7.0 5.8
Glade 2.7 4.7 3.7
Gnome 2.7 4.3 3.5
Haga 3.3 5.3 4.3
Kelly 3.0 5.3 4.2
Kenblue 3.3 2.7 3.0
Liberty 3.3 6.3 4.8
Marquis 3.3 4.0 3.7
Merion 2.3 6.3 4.3
Merit 3.3 5.3 4.3
Midnight 3.3 5.3 4.3
Monopoly 3.3 5.0 4.2
Nassau 3.0 5.7 4.3
Ram I 3.7 6.0 4.8
South Dakota
1.7 2.0 1.8
Touchdown 3.3 5.3 4.3
LSD (.05) 1.0 1.6 0.9
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = complete color retention
.sup.1/ Locations: 1 Martinsville, N.J.; 2 pooled data from Halsey,
Hubbard and Gervais, OR.
Further comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for leaf texture and height of growth are set forth in Tables 16-17 as follows:
TABLE 16
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, NJ.
Variety Leaf Texture
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 4.0
Ba73-366 4.3
Ba73-381 4.0
Abbey 5.0
Able I 5.7
A-34 4.3
Banff 5.3
Baron 5.0
Classic 5.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 5.7
Estate 4.3
Georgetown 6.0
Glade 5.0
Gnome 5.3
Haga 5.7
Kelly 4.3
Kenblue 6.0
Liberty 5.0
Marquis 4.3
Merion 4.0
Merit 4.7
Midnight 6.7
Monopoly 5.0
Nassau 5.0
Ram I 5.0
South Dakota 3.7
Touchdown 5.3
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = very fine
TABLE 17
______________________________________
A Comparison of Height (in millimeters) One Week after
Mowing under Lawn Conditions of Ba 74-114 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety Height (mm)
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 109.5
Adelphi 115.0
Baron 194.3
Bonnieblue 145.0
Bristol 101.3
Fylking 133.0
Kenblue 140.3
Merion 106.7
Newport 135.3
Nugget 120.3
Park 124.7
Pennstar 118.3
Vantage 131.3
Victa 115.7
LSD 24.6
______________________________________
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance. Ba 74-114 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to the following diseases: (1) leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); (2) dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoecarpa; (3) several rust diseases causes by Puccinia spp.; (4) stripe smut caused by Ustilago striiformis; and (5) powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 74-114 as compared with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew are presented in Tables 18-26. An additional comparison is presented in Table 27 for seed yields.
TABLE 18
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests Conducted
at Three Locations in the U.S..sup.1/
Variety Mean
______________________________________
Ba 74-114
4.7
Ba73-366 4.3
Ba73-381 2.0
Abbey 4.7
Able I 6.0
A-34 4.7
Banff 4.7
Baron 4.0
Classic 3.3
Coventry 3.7
Eclipse 6.3
Estate 4.0
Georgetown
6.0
Glade 3.0
Gnome 3.7
Haga 3.7
Kelly 4.7
Kenblue 1.7
Liberty 5.7
Marquis 3.7
Merion 7.3
Merit 4.3
Midnight 5.7
Monopoly 4.3
Nassau 4.3
Ram I 4.3
South Dakota
1.0
Touchdown
5.3
LSD (.05)
1.5
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
.sup.1/ Locations: Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR.
TABLE 19
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests
Conducted at Marysville, OH
Variety % Leaf Spot
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 10.0
Adelphi 33.3
Baron 26.7
Bonnieblue 10.0
Bristol 16.7
Kenblue 76.7
Merion 23.3
Newport 50.0
Park 73.3
Pennstar 13.3
Vantage 40.0
Victa 26.7
LSD (.05) 18.7
______________________________________
TABLE 20
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown under Shade
Conditions at Marysville, OH
Variety % Leaf Spot
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 0.0
Ba73-366 0.0
Ba73-381 0.0
America 40.0
Banff 2.5
Bristol 0.0
Classic 5.0
Eclipse 2.5
Georgetown 7.5
Glade 7.5
Kenblue 10.0
Merion 0.0
Merit 0.0
Nassau 0.0
Newport 0.0
Park 50.0
Ram I 40.0
Sydsport 27.5
Vantage 2.5
Victa 2.5
LSD (.05) 26.7
______________________________________
TABLE 21
______________________________________
A Comparison of Dollar Spot Disease Incidence of Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Dollar Spot
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 8.3
Ba73-366 8.3
Ba73-381 7.3
Abbey 8.0
Able I 8.3
A-34 7.7
Banff 7.7
Baron 7.7
Classic 8.0
Coventry 7.7
Eclipse 8.3
Estate 8.3
Georgetown 8.0
Glade 7.7
Gnome 8.0
Haga 7.7
Kelly 8.0
Kenblue 8.0
Liberty 8.0
Marquis 8.0
Merion 7.7
Merit 8.0
Midnight 8.3
Monopoly 8.0
Nassau 8.0
Ram I 7.3
South Dakota 8.0
Touchdown 8.0
LSD (.05) 0.9
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 22
______________________________________
A Comparison of Dollar Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH
Variety % Dollar Spot
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 0.0
Baron 20.7
Bonnieblue 0.0
Bristol 0.0
Kenblue 3.3
Merion 20.0
Newport 0.3
Nugget 26.0
Park 0.0
Pennstar 0.7
Vantage 0.3
Victa 1.7
LSD (.05) 13.9
______________________________________
TABLE 23
______________________________________
A comparison of Powdery Mildew Disease Incidence in
Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown under
Shade Conditions in Three Tests (A-C) Conducted
at Marysville, OH
% Powdery Mildew
Variety A B C Mean
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.3
Ba73-366 30.0 72.5 80.0 60.8
Ba73-381 67.5 90.0 70.0 75.8
Banff 0.0 0.0 15.0 5.0
Bristol 5.0 12.5 0.6 5.8
Classic 27.5 60.0 75.0 54.2
Eclipse 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.7
Georgetown 7.5 30.0 0.0 12.5
Glade 50.0 45.0 25.0 40.0
Kenblue 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.3
Merion 35.0 37.5 40.0 37.5
Merit 50.0 65.0 85.0 66.7
Nassau 32.5 40.0 0.0 24.2
Newport 20.0 25.0 15.0 20.0
Park 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.8
Ram I 20.0 17.5 0.0 12.5
Vantage 0.0 22.5 15.0 12.5
Victa 50.0 50.0 70.0 56.7
Mean 20.3 32.6 26.4 26.4
LSD (.05) 33.9 29.6 49.3
______________________________________
TABLE 24
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Leaf Rust
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 6.7
Ba73-366 5.7
Ba73-381 6.3
Abbey 6.3
Abel I 7.0
A-34 6.0
Banff 7.0
Baron 8.3
Classic 8.7
Coventry 7.0
Eclipse 5.7
Estate 6.3
Georgetown 7.7
Glade 7.0
Gnome 6.7
Haga 7.0
Kelly 5.0
Kenblue 6.7
Liberty 7.3
Marquis 6.3
Merion 2.3
Merit 6.0
Midnight 6.0
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 7.0
Ram I 6.7
South Dakota 6.7
Touchdown 3.7
LSD (.05) 2.4
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 25
______________________________________
A Comparison of Stripe Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests Conducted
at Three Locations.sup.1/ in Oregon 1991.
Variety Stripe Rust
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 5.7
Ba73-366 5.0
Ba73-381 4.7
Abbey 4.3
Able I 6.0
A-34 5.0
Banff 6.0
Baron 6.0
Classic 6.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 6.0
Estate 5.7
Georgetown 6.3
Glade 3.0
Gnome 4.7
Haga 6.3
Kelly 5.0
Kenblue 3.3
Liberty 5.3
Marquis 5.3
Merion 3.7
Merit 5.0
Midnight 4.7
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 5.3
Ram I 6.0
South Dakota 4.0
Touchdown 3.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
.sup.1/ Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, Oregon.
TABLE 26
______________________________________
A Comparison of Stripe Smut Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety Stripe Smut
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 8.0
Ba73-366 6.3
Ba73-381 7.0
America 6.7
Banff 8.0
Baron 8.0
Bonnieblue 8.0
Bristol 7.7
Classic 8.0
Eclipse 7.3
Georgetown 7.7
Glade 7.7
Kelly 6.3
Kenblue 7.0
Merion 7.7
Merit 5.7
Nassau 7.7
Newport 7.3
Park 6.7
Ram I 7.3
Vantage 7.3
victa 5.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = least disease
TABLE 27
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Yields of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, Oregon.
Variety Lbs/Acre
______________________________________
Ba 74-114 427
Abbey 919
Georgetown 654
Gnome 706
Marquis 900
LSD (.05) 248
______________________________________
Claims
1. A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass plant, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of serious diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew; a dark green color throughout the growing season; medium to high quality turf formation under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade; a low growth habit; and a medium level of seed yielding capacity.
| PP3156 | July 1970 | Fuchigami et al. |
| PP3186 | May 1972 | Barenbrug et al. |
| PP4336 | November 28, 1978 | Mayer et al. |
| PP6280 | September 6, 1988 | Meier et al. |
| PP6537 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6538 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6585 | February 7, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP7831 | March 17, 1992 | Meier et al. |
| PP8490 | December 7, 1993 | Meier et al. |
| PP9036 | January 3, 1995 | Meier et al. |
| PP9209 | July 18, 1995 | Meier et al. |
Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 25, 1995
Date of Patent: Apr 1, 1997
Assignee: OMS Investments, Inc. (Wilmington, DE)
Inventors: Virgil D. Meier (Marysville, OH), Eugene W. Mayer (Marysville, OH)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Law Firm: Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
Application Number: 8/532,995
International Classification: A01H 500;
