Abstract: One object of the present invention is to enable identification of the direction of an electronic component, while suppressing increase in cost. The present invention provides an electronic component comprising: an insulator portion having a plurality of surfaces (e.g., a top surface, a bottom surface, end surfaces, and side surfaces), the insulator portion including a plurality of regions having different transmissivities of a light beam entering one of the plurality of surfaces (e.g., a top surface, a bottom surface, end surfaces, and side surfaces); an internal conductor portion provided in the insulator portion; and external electrodes provided on the insulator portion and electrically connected to the internal conductor portion.

Abstract: A ferrite core comprising a yoke body having a length dimension, a width dimension and a height dimension, which are oriented perpendicular to one another, the length dimension being larger than the height dimension and/or the width dimension. A lateral surface of the yoke body has provided therein a positioning structure and an alignment structure, which differs from the positioning structure, the positioning and alignment structures being spaced apart along the length dimension by 5% to 75% of the length dimension.

Abstract: A transformer can include a flexible substrate having at least a first conductive layer and a dielectric layer. The transformer can further include an unbroken toroidal core of a magnetic material. The magnetic material can include material with a relative magnetic permeability greater than unity. The substrate can include a plurality of planar extensions arranged to provide respective windings encircling the core when the planar extensions are folded and attached back to another region of the substrate. Adjacent windings can be conductively isolated from each other. The flexible substrate can further include a second conductive layer separated from the first conductive layer by the dielectric layer. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer can be coupled via a plurality of interconnects so that the respective windings are formed when the planar extensions are folded and attached back to the another region of the substrate.

Abstract: A transformer includes a stacked structure in which a plurality of coils is stacked through insulation layers. The stacked structure includes: a primary coil stacked layer including a plurality of primary coil layers connected in parallel with one another; and a secondary coil stacked layer including a plurality of secondary coil layers connected in parallel with one another. One of the primary coil layers is disposed as an outermost layer in the stacked structure, and another is disposed between at least two layers of the plurality of secondary coil layers. The primary coil layer includes a plurality of primary coils connected in parallel with one another. The secondary coil layer includes one or more secondary coils thicker than the primary coil.

Abstract: An inductor component includes a core base material, a magnetic body in the core, a first conductor pattern formed on primary surface of the core, a second conductor pattern formed on secondary surface of the core, and through-hole conductors formed in through holes through the core such that the conductors are connecting the first and second patterns. The first pattern, second pattern and conductors are positioned to form an inductor such that the magnetic body is positioned on inner side of the inductor, each conductor has a diameter k1, each pattern has conductor thickness in range of 50 ?m to 200 ?m and has line patterns each having width w1 and separated by line separation distance w2, and a ratio of cross-sectional area of each line pattern to cross-sectional area of each conductor along the diameter k1 in direction of the width w1 is in range of 0.8 to 2.0.

Abstract: An inductive device including a first and second concentric winding wound around a center axis of the inductive device, where the second winding is placed outside of the first winding and provided in two separate parts a first upper part and a second lower part, wherein there is an opening between the first and second parts of the second winding and the first winding has a first winding connection that passes through said opening, the inductive device further including a concentric electric shielding element around the center axis and stretching all the way between the upper and the lower part of the second winding, the shielding element including a metal shield layer.

Abstract: A transformer includes a core having first and second yokes and at least one leg extending between the first and second yokes. The at least one leg includes a coil assembly mounted thereto between the first and second yokes. An annular end barrier is provided at one or both ends of the coil assembly to provide a barrier between the adjacent yoke and a high voltage winding of the coil assembly.

Abstract: A coil device includes a bobbin, a first winding part, and a second winding part. A partition portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the bobbin. The first winding part is wound around the outer peripheral surface at one side of the partition portion. The second winding part is wound around the outer peripheral surface at the other side of the partition portion and has an inner winding layer and an outer winding layer located farther to the outer peripheral surface at the other side than the inner winding layer.

Abstract: An electronic component having an electric element including a coil, a magnetic layer covering at least a portion of the electric element, a plurality of external terminals electrically connected to the electric element and embedded in the magnetic layer to be partially exposed from one surface of the magnetic layer, and a nonmagnetic layer embedded in the magnetic layer. The plurality of external terminals include at least one or more first external terminals. The first external terminals are surrounded by the nonmagnetic layer when viewed from the one surface side of the magnetic layer.

Abstract: A reactor that can measure the temperature of the magnetic core is provided. The reactor includes an assembly having a magnetic core and a coil that has a winding portion, and a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the reactor. The magnetic core has an inner core portion that is inserted into the winding portion, and a sensor disposition groove is formed in an outer peripheral face of the inner core portion and is disposed inside the winding portion. The temperature sensor is provided inside the sensor disposition groove. According to this configuration, it is possible to precisely measure the temperature of the magnetic core while the reactor is operating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a near-field wireless power transfer system capable of having a constant efficiency regardless of a charging position of a receiver by only using a simple impedance matching circuit without using a separate existing complex adaptive impedance matching circuit or control circuit, and simultaneously transmitting power without having difficulty with impedance matching even for wireless power transmission to a plurality of electronic devices by applying a structure having a uniform mutual inductance between a wireless power transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: Provided is a core component having a powder compact and a resin-molded portion joined to each other. In a core component including a powder compact obtained by compression molding a raw material powder containing a soft magnetic powder and a resin-molded portion formed on the surface of the powder compact, and constituting a part of a magnetic core disposed inside and outside a coil included in a reactor, an intermediate layer formed of a silane coupling agent is provided between the powder compact and the resin-molded portion. The powder compact and the resin-molded portion can be bound to each other via the intermediate layer formed of the silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent not only binds chemically to the surface of the powder compact but also binds chemically to the resin-molded portion, and therefore, the joining the powder compact and the resin-molded portion via the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a multilayer body, first to fourth outer electrodes, a pair of first insulating coating portions, and a pair of second insulating coating portions. The pair of first insulating coating portions is in at least one of a state in which inner end portions are in contact with the third outer electrode and a state in which outer end portions are in contact with the first outer electrode and the second outer electrode. The pair of second insulating coating portions is in at least one of a state in which inner end portions are in contact with the fourth outer electrode and a state in which outer end portions are in contact with the first outer electrode and the second outer electrode.

Abstract: There are provided a dielectric film which is excellent in heat resistance and is capable of improvement in breakdown field, a film capacitor and a combination type capacitor using the dielectric film, an inverter, and an electric vehicle. A film capacitor having excellent heat resistance and high breakdown field is obtained by producing a film capacitor that uses a dielectric film comprising an organic resin and a plurality of fine particles containing a metal element, an average of diameters of the fine particles falling in a range of 0.5 nm to 50 nm. Such a film capacitor and a combination type capacitor connected thereto via a bus bar are preferably used in an inverter and an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A capacitor component includes a body including a plurality of dielectric layers having a layered structure, and first internal electrodes and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers of the plurality of dielectric layers interposed therebetween, a first external electrode formed on a first surface and a second surface of the body opposing each other, and connected to the first internal electrodes, and a second external electrode formed on at least one of a third surface and a fourth surface of the body connecting the first surface to the second surface and opposing each other, and connected to the second internal electrodes. The capacitor component is divided into a plurality of capacitor units each including a portion of the first internal electrodes and a portion of the second internal electrodes, and the plurality of capacitor units include a first capacitor unit and a second capacitor unit.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a ceramic body including a plurality of dielectric layers stacked to be disposed perpendicularly to a mounting surface of the ceramic body, and first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed, with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween, the first and second internal electrodes being exposed to the mounting surface of the ceramic body and first and second end surfaces of the ceramic body opposing each other, respectively; first and second external electrodes disposed on the ceramic body to be connected to the first and second internal electrodes, respectively; and an insulating layer disposed on the mounting surface of the ceramic body and covering portions of the first and second internal electrodes exposed to the mounting surface but not in contact with the first and second external electrodes.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes: a multilayer structure in which internal electrodes and dielectric layers are alternately stacked; a first external electrode connected to a subset of the internal electrodes; and a second external electrode sandwiching the multilayer structure with the first external electrode in a first direction is connected to another subset of the internal electrodes, wherein t12×W1/N is equal to or more than 0.1, when a distance between a first edge positioned at outermost of the internal electrodes in a second direction intersecting with the first direction in a plane direction of the internal electrodes and the dielectric layers and a second edge positioned at innermost of the internal electrodes in the second direction is W1 (mm), each thickness of the plurality of dielectric layers is t1 (?m), and a stack number of the plurality of dielectric layers is N.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a laminated body, a first external electrode, a pair of second external electrodes, and a pair of insulating coating portions. The pair of insulating coating portions extends in a laminating direction between each of the pair of second external electrodes and the first external electrode on a second principal surface, from the second principal surface to respective portions of a first side surface and a second side surface. As viewed from at least one direction in the laminating direction, an end of the first external electrode and pair of second external electrodes, which is located closest to a first principal surface, is located closer to the first principal surface than an end of the pair of insulating coating portions, which is located closest to the first principal surface.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a laminated body, a first external electrode, a pair of second external electrodes, and a pair of insulating coating portions. The insulating coating portions extend in a laminating direction between each of the second external electrodes and the first external electrode on a second principal surface, and from the second principal surface to respective portions of first and second side surfaces. A maximum thickness of the first external electrode on the second principal surface is larger than a maximum thickness for each of the second external electrodes on the second principal surface. A maximum thickness for each of the insulating coating portions on the second principal surface is larger than the maximum thickness of the first external electrode on the second principal surface.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a laminated body, a first external electrode, a pair of second external electrodes, and a pair of insulating coating portions. The pair of insulating coating portions extends in a laminating direction between each of the pair of second external electrodes and the first external electrode on a second principal surface, from the second principal surface to respective portions of a first side surface and a second side surface. As viewed from at least one direction in the laminating direction, an end of the pair of insulating coating portions, which is located closest to a first principal surface, is located closer to the first principal surface than an end of the first external electrode and pair of second external electrodes, which is located closest to the first principal surface.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic electronic component includes a laminated body, a first external electrode, a pair of second external electrodes, and a pair of insulating coating portions. The pair of insulating coating portions extends in a laminating direction between each of the pair of second external electrodes and the first external electrode on a second principal surface, from the second principal surface to respective portions of a first side surface and a second side surface. A maximum thickness of the first external electrode on the second principal surface is larger than a maximum thickness of the pair of second external electrodes on the second principal surface. The maximum thickness of the pair of second external electrodes on the second principal surface is larger than a maximum thickness of the pair of insulating coating portions on the second principal surface.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a laminated body including dielectric layers and internal electrode layers, a first external electrode, a pair of second external electrodes, and a pair of insulating coating portions. The internal electrode layers include first and second internal electrode layers, the second internal electrode layers each include first and second extended electrode portions. A relationship of L1/L2>1.0 is satisfied when a length of a first contact portion with one second external electrode in contact with the first extended electrode portion in the length direction is L1, and a length of a second contact portion with the other second external electrode in contact with the second extended electrode portion in the length direction is L2.

Abstract: A variable capacitance element includes a variable capacitance layer made of a dielectric material, an electrode to obtain electrostatic capacitance in the variable capacitance layer, insulating elements that face each other via the variable capacitance layer, and a lead element extending from the electrode, wherein the insulating elements are made of an insulating material which contains Sr and at least one of Ti and Zr.

Abstract: A variable capacitance element includes variable capacitance layers made of a dielectric material, paired electrodes located on both main surfaces of the variable capacitance layers opposite to each other across the variable capacitance layers, insulating elements; and at least one pair of lead-out elements. The variable capacitance layers and the insulating elements are alternately laminated to provide a laminated body. The variable capacitance layers and the paired electrodes define capacitor structures, and the lead-out elements are electrically connected at one end thereof to an electrode defining the capacitor structures, penetrate the insulating elements, and are electrically connected at the other end to external electrodes or other electrical elements.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solid electrolytic capacitor package structure for increasing electrical performances and a method of manufacturing the same, and a capacitor unit thereof. The capacitor unit includes at least one first capacitor, the at least one first capacitor includes a conductive polymer composite material layer. The conductive polymer composite material layer includes a conductive polymer material and a first nanometer material mixed with the conductive polymer material, and the first nanometer material includes a plurality of first fully embedded nanometer structures completely enclosed by the conductive polymer material and a plurality of first partially exposed nanometer structures partially exposed from the conductive polymer material.

Abstract: Graphene photodetectors capable of operating in the sub-bandgap region relative to the bandgap of semiconductor nanoparticles, as well as methods of manufacturing the same, are provided. A photodetector can include a layer of graphene, a layer of semiconductor nanoparticles, a dielectric layer, a supporting medium, and a packaging layer. The semiconductor nanoparticles can be semiconductors with bandgaps larger than the energy of photons meant to be detected.

Abstract: Provided are a ruthenium complex dye having a water content of 0.2% to 4.0% by mass; a dye solution including the ruthenium complex dye; a photoelectric conversion element having semiconductor fine particles having the ruthenium complex dye carried thereon; and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the photoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: A lithium super-battery cell comprising: (a) A cathode comprising a cathode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium thereon, wherein the cathode active material is not a functionalized material and does not bear a functional group; (b) An anode comprising an anode current collector; (c) A porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; (d) A lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area of no less than 100 m2/g being in direct physical contact with the electrolyte to receive lithium ions therefrom or to provide lithium ions thereto; and (e) A lithium source implemented at one or both of the two electrodes prior to a first charge or a first discharge cycle of the cell. This new generation of energy storage device exhibits the best properties of both the lithium ion battery and the supercapacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor module has a module case including a lower case and an upper case. A housing case is fixed to an inner face of the upper case, and a capacitor is housed in the housing case. A circuit board is fixed to an upper face of the lower case. The circuit board has wiring that is electrically connectable to the capacitor, and electronic components and constituting a circuit that controls electric current to the capacitor are mounted on the circuit board.

Abstract: A method for pre-doping a lithium ion capacitor, including: compressing a lithium ion capacitor of the formula: C/S/A/S/C/S/A/S/C, where: /A/ is an anode coated on both sides with an anode carbon layer, and each anode carbon layer is further coated with lithium composite powder (LCP) layer; C/ is a cathode coated on one side with a layer of an cathode carbon mixture; and S is a separator; and a non-aqueous electrolyte; and conditioning the resulting compressed lithium ion capacitor, for example, at a rate of from C/20 to 4C, and the conditioning redistributes the impregnated lithium as lithium ions in the anode carbon structure. Also disclosed is an carbon coated anode having lithium composite powder (LCP) layer compressed on the carbon coated anode.

Abstract: A hybrid supercapacitor, including at least one negative electrode having a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox-active material, or a mixture of them; at least one positive electrode having a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox-active material, or a mixture of them; at least one separator situated between the at least one negative electrode and the at least one positive electrode; and an electrolyte mixture; with the provision that at least one electrode includes a statically capacitive active material, and at least one electrode includes an electrochemical, redox-active material; the electrolyte mixture being a liquid electrolyte mixture and including at least one liquid, aprotic, organic solvent, at least one conducting salt, and at least one at least partially halogenated, aromatic compound.

Abstract: A hybrid supercapacitor, including at least one negative electrode that includes a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox active material, or a mixture thereof, at least one positive electrode that includes a statically capacitive active material, an electrochemical redox active material, or a mixture thereof, at least one separator that is situated between the at least one negative electrode and the at least one positive electrode, and an electrolyte composition, with the condition that at least one electrode includes a statically capacitive active material, and at least one electrode includes an electrochemical redox active material, the electrolyte composition being a liquid electrolyte composition and including at least one liquid, aprotic, organic solvent, at least one conducting salt, and at least one additive.

Abstract: A contact mechanism includes an opening/closing fixed contact, an opening/closing movable contact opposed to the opening/closing fixed contact, and a permanent magnet configured to extend an arc that occurs between the opening/closing fixed contact and the opening/closing movable contact in a predetermined direction. In particular, an arc that occurs from contact surface regions where the opening/closing fixed contact and the opening/closing movable contact make contact with each other is extended by a magnetic force of the permanent magnet and moved to non-contact surface regions where the opening/closing fixed contact and the opening/closing movable contact make no contact with each other.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes an electrically insulative case and a rotor assembly disposed within the electrically insulative case. The rotor assembly includes a contact arm and a rotor that is rotatable relative to the electrically insulative case. The contact arm is coupled to the rotor and movable between a first position in which a conductive path is closed and a second position in which the conductive path is open. The rotor assembly also includes a latch mechanism coupled to the rotor. The latch mechanism retains the contact arm in the second position during a short circuit event. The latch mechanism is spaced from the contact arm when the contact arm is in the first position. The latch mechanism engages the contact arm when the contact arm is in the second position.

Abstract: A device for operating a switching device, such as a vacuum interrupter, includes an operating axle for operating the switching device; a driving unit for driving the operation axle; a spring element coupled between the driving unit and the operating axle; and a blocking device for blocking rotation of the operating axle.

Abstract: A permanent magnet drive on-load tap-changing switch including a changing switch circuit and a high-speed mechanism. The circuit includes structurally identical odd and even-numbered tap-changing switch circuits. The mechanism includes a traveling mechanism used for bearing a moving contactor, a moving magnet group connected with the traveling mechanism, and a fixed magnet group producing an attracting/repelling force with respect to the moving magnet group. The moving magnet group includes a first and second permanent magnet connected at homonymic magnetic poles. An exposed homonymic magnetic pole of the first and the second permanent magnet face directly the fixed magnet group. The fixed magnet group includes a rotating permanent magnet that rotates to change a force applied to the moving magnet group, allowing the moving contactors to either come into contact with or be separated from working contactors and dual-contact synchronous transition contactors.

Abstract: Electronic devices are provided that have components. A housing protrusion may be interposed between a display cover layer and display components. A button may have a button member. A support structure for a dome switch in the button may have a screw hole. A housing may have screw holes through which a screw passes. The screw may also pass through the screw hole of the support structure to hold the switch structure near the button member. A clip may have a spring. A metal plate may prevent the clip from becoming worn by the spring. A display may be mounted on a ledge in a device housing. The ledge may have gaps with supports and removed corners.

Abstract: A luminous keyswitch includes a keycap having a light-transparent portion, a baseplate, an up-down mechanism with two ends respectively moveably connected to the keycap and the baseplate, a function sheet disposed on or under the baseplate, and a light source disposed on the function sheet within a vertical projection of the keycap and connected by a copper wire to provide a light illuminating the light-transparent portion. The function sheet includes a flexible upper circuit layer having a first contact point, a flexible spacer layer having a hole, and a flexible lower circuit layer having a second copper contact point, a third copper contact point, a first copper wire connected to the second copper contact point, and a second copper wire connected to the third copper contact point. When the keycap is pressed, the first contact point passes through the hole to electrically connect the second and third copper contact points.

Abstract: A switch of a battery includes a knob, a cap, a cam and a base. The knob includes a shaft having a lug, and the cap has a slot for passing the knob, and the cam has first and second planes, an inclined plane and a first contact point, and the base has a second contact point, so that when the knob is turned according to a user requirement. The lug of the shaft is slid and moved to the first plane, the inclined plane, or the second plane to achieve the effects of connecting or disconnecting the battery or removing the knob respectively.

Abstract: A remote control device may be configured to be mounted over the toggle actuator of a light switch and to control a lighting load. The remote control device may comprise a base portion having planar extensions removably attached or affixed thereto. The planar extensions may be adapted to be received in a gap between a faceplate of the light switch and the toggle actuator for holding the remote control device against the faceplate. The planar extensions may comprise barbs that allow for insertion of the extensions in the gap, but may bite into the faceplate to hinder removal of the remote control device. The planar extensions may be defined by a mounting structure that is configured to be disposed between a yoke of the mechanical switch and the faceplate, and that protrudes beyond a front surface of the faceplate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic repulsion actuator for a circuit breaker is provided. The actuator can include a housing; a first fixed electrode having therein an operating space open at both sides; a pair of movable electrodes capable of reciprocally moving and being electrically connected to the first fixed electrode; second fixed electrodes selectively contacting the pair of movable electrodes to be electrically connected thereto, thereby transferring power supplied from a first side to a second side; and actuating coils selectively moving the movable electrodes in a direction of being separated from the second fixed electrodes by generating electromagnetic force from induced current. In the present invention as above, the structure of a circuit breaker is simplified and moving speeds of the movable electrodes are increased since the movable electrodes move by using induced current generated by a close coil and open coils to perform an open operation.

Abstract: Provided is a high voltage DC circuit breaker that interrupts a fault current flowing through a high voltage DC transmission line with a vacuum circuit breaker and a gas circuit breaker connected in series. The circuit breaker includes: a vacuum circuit breaker installed on a DC transmission line and operating to interrupt a current in the DC transmission line when a fault occurs on either side of the DC transmission line; a gas circuit breaker connected in series with the vacuum interrupter; an LC circuit connected in parallel with the vacuum circuit breaker and including a capacitor and a reactor connected in series to induce LC resonance; a first bidirectional switching device connected in series with the LC circuit and switching a current flowing in any of two opposite directions; and a second bidirectional switching device connected in parallel with the LC circuit.

Abstract: A self-blast electric interrupter device, such as a circuit breaker or a disconnector, the device comprising: a first contact and a second contact that are movable between a closed position in which they press against each other, and an open position in which they are spaced apart from each other; and an arc-control chamber surrounding the two contacts in order to define a space that is closed in the closed position. At least one of the contacts includes a central channel opening out towards the other contact in order to enable gas coming from the arc-control chamber during an opening stage to be discharged. According to the invention, the other contact carries an insulating member that ablates under the effect of an electric arc forming in the arc-control chamber in order to give rise to a large and fast increase of pressure within the chamber.

Abstract: A thermally responsive switch includes a heating element with a meandering portion formed of a metal plate. The meandering portion is bent twice with respect to reference axes extending in a longitudinal direction of a housing. The meandering portion includes an outer vertical portion that is perpendicular to an inner surface of a lid plate, an inner vertical portion that is perpendicular to the inner surface of the lid plate, and a middle vertical portion that is disposed between the outer vertical portion and the inner vertical portion and is perpendicular to the inner surface of the lid plate. The middle vertical portion has a narrow portion narrower than a width of the middle vertical portion. The narrow portion is provided on an end portion located in one side of the middle vertical portion where no other heating element exists among the two widthwise end portions of the middle vertical portion.

Abstract: A movable member is configured to switch, by rotation, between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the movable member presses a plurality of first movable contact pieces to bring first contacts into contact with first substrate side contact points. When the movable member is in the second state, the first contacts are separated from the first substrate side contact points. A coil block includes a coil and causes the movable member to rotate by electromagnetic force generated by energization of the coil. A rotation axis of the movable member is parallel to an axis of the coil. The plurality of first substrate side contact points is arranged side by side in an axial direction of the coil on a first base substrate. The plurality of first movable contact pieces is arranged side by side in the axial direction.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for latching one pole contact of at least one springy pole in a relay or hybrid switch for maintaining an engaging or disengaging state of at least one first contact with said pole contact by a mechanical latching device comprising a springy lock pin exerting minute force, a slider with indentation path for guiding the lock pin and a track for the slider, the latching device extends from an armature or the springy pole to a base or a body of the relay or the hybrid switch, said springy pole is guided by said slider movement propelled by one of a pull by a voltage rated magnetic coil fed by a pulse of said rated voltage and a push by a plunger, and for operating a stronger coil for switching higher electrical current the magnetic coil is fed with at least one discharge higher voltage to increase the magnetic pull power of the coil.

Abstract: A circuit board enclosure comprises a circuit breaker, platform, base, cover, and circuit board. The circuit breaker includes two conductors and a plate, which is connected to the conductors. The platform receives the circuit breaker. The base has a bottom member and an opening arranged in the bottom member. The base receives the platform with the circuit breaker such that the plate of the circuit breaker is accommodated substantially within the opening of the bottom member. The cover is configured to cover the base and form an interior space. The interior space accommodates the platform, the circuit breaker, and the circuit board. The circuit board is connected to the circuit breaker. The circuit board enclosure can be adhered to a substantially planar surface. The plate is configured such that removal of the circuit board enclosure from the substantially planar surface will damage the connection of the plate to the conductors.

Abstract: Hollow bodies and hollow body fuses are disclosed. Furthermore, methods to provide hollow bodies and hollow body fuses are disclosed. In one implementation, a hollow body includes a center portion and an end portion. An endcap may be coupled to the end portion. A cavity is formed between an inside surface of the endcap and an outer periphery of the end portion. A fusible element may be disposed within the hollow body, the fusible element may be further disposed within the cavity formed between the inside surface of the endcap and the outer periphery of the end portion, the fusible element traveling a substantially diagonal path through a center of the cavity.

Abstract: A process of fabricating a discrete-dynode electron multiplier (DDEM) including the steps of mounting an insulator block to a conductor block, and forming a series of ion-optics geometrical structures in the conductor block, each ion-optics geometrical structure having a smallest dimension of less than 1 millimeter. The forming step may be performed by electrical discharge machining (EDM), laser cutting, and/or water jet cutting.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a detecting system including a terahertz wave source, a detector and a controlling computer. The terahertz wave source includes a terahertz reflection klystron including an electron emission unit, a resonance unit, an output unit. The electron emission unit is configured to emit electrons. The resonance unit includes a resonant cavity communicated with the electron emission unit so that the electron emission unit emit electrons into the resonant cavity. The resonant cavity of the electron emission unit opposite the cavity wall has an output aperture coupled. The output unit is communicated with the resonance unit by the output aperture coupled. The resonance unit generate terahertz wave transmit to the output unit by the output aperture coupled.