Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefinic naphtha and a process for producing lower olefins from this naphtha. In the process of the present invention for producing lower olefins, preferably ethylene, at least a portion of a hydrocarbon asset is converted to synthesis gas and at least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to an olefinic naphtha by a Fischer-Tropsch process. At least a portion of the olefinic naphtha is converted in a naphtha cracker to a product stream comprising lower olefins, and at least a portion of the lower olefins from the product stream of the naphtha cracker are recovered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis furnace with new type heat supply and a method of high temperature cracking using the same. The present invention employs top burners and bottom burners combined heat supply; the inlet of crossover section is connected from middle-upper portion of side wall of radiant section wall; and the present invention has the feature of uniform heat supply, high effectiveness, flexible and simple operation and control, and small investment, it is suitable for cracking reaction of hydrocarbons feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydrocarbon conversion apparatus. The apparatus comprises the following: a plurality of riser reactors, each of the riser reactors having a first end into which a catalyst can be fed and a second end through which the catalyst can exit the riser reactor; a separation zone provided to separate the catalyst from products of a reaction conducted in the hydrocarbon conversion apparatus; at least one transport conduit having a first end in fluid communication with at least two of the second ends of the riser reactors and a second end extending into the separation zone; and at least one catalyst return in fluid communication with the separation zone and the first ends of the riser reactors, the catalyst return being provided to transfer the catalyst from the separation zone to the first ends of the riser reactors.

Abstract: Novel methods for synthesizing wholly un-supported, high-flow catalytic membranes consisting of 100% crystalline ZSM-22 crystals with no binder phase, having sufficient porosity to allow high Weight Hourly Space Velocities of feedstock to pass through without generating back pressure. The ZSM-22 membranes perform favorably to existing bulk ZSM-22 catalysts (e.g., via 1-butene conversion and selectivity). The method of membrane synthesis, based on Vapor Phase Transport, allows free-standing, binder-less membranes to be fabricated in varied geometries and sizes so that membranes can be tailor-made for particular geometries applications. The ZSM-22 precursor gel may be consolidated into a semi-cohesive body prior to vapor phase crystallization, for example, by uniaxial pressing. These crystalline membranes may be modified by ion exchange, pore ion exchange, framework exchange, synthesis modification techniques to incorporate other elements into the framework, such as K, H, Mg, Zn, V, Ga, and Pt.

Abstract: A shelf is incorporated into a typical FCC riser that permits the tips of the nozzles to extend past the wall of the riser while preventing the tips from promoting coke build-up and protecting the tips from erosion. The shelf can be part of an angled section that often appears in a transition zone for increasing the internal diameter of the riser to accommodate the volumetric expansion of the feed. The shelf section reduces the non-uniformity in the mixing of the catalyst and feed and minimizes backmixing of the feed injection. The shelf of this invention accomplishes these objectives without recessing the feed injectors into the riser wall which can interfere with the spray pattern.

Abstract: A process for treating hydrocarbon feed in a furnace, the process comprising: (a) heating hydrocarbon feed, (b) adding water to the heated feed, (c) adding dilution steam to the heated feed to form a mixture, (d) heating the resulting mixture and feeding the resulting heated mixture to the furnace, wherein the water in (b) is added in an amount of from at least about 1% to 100% based on water and dilution steam by weight.

Abstract: A gas-to-liquid (GTL) process and system for converting a natural gas) into liquid hydrocarbons (e.g. diesel, naphtha, distillates, etc.) wherein the equipment subsystems from existing gas-to-methanol plants are re-utilized in the (GTL) process. The syngas generator from the methanol plant is used to generate syngas in the present process. The syngas is then adjusted to remove CO2 and H2 before the syngas is passed through a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor to convert the syngas to liquid hydrocarbons. The FT reactor is comprised of the same equipment that was use previously to convert syngas into methanol except for the respective catalysts. The liquid hydrocarbons are then upgraded and separated into individual hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a heavy crude oil includes the steps of providing a heavy crude oil; and exposing the heavy crude oil to residue conversion conditions in the presence of a free radical generator and a hydrogen donor, whereby the free radical generator enhances reactions to form distillates, and the hydrogen donor inhibits reactions to form coke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for increasing the capacity for processing residua and obtaining higher yields of liquids having an average boiling point equal to or less than about 510° C. A residual feedstock is introduced with recycled product asphaltenes into a short vapor contact time thermal process unit wherein the vaporized product is sent to a fractionator zone to produce a 510° C.? fraction and a 510° C.+ fraction. The 510° C.+ fraction is sent to a solvent extraction zone to produce an asphaltene-rich fraction that is recycled to the short vapor contact time thermal process unit.

Abstract: A removable filter for separating and filtering slurry liquid from solid particles includes one or more filter sections connected by a filtrate conduit. Each section comprises a plurality of vertical, hollow, sintered metal filter elements horizontally arranged across a manifold connected to a hollow filtrate conduit. The sections are vertically stacked and connected by the conduit(s) to form the filter which is removably secured in the slurry by means which permit it to be removed vertically up and out of the top of the reactor. This filter has a high surface area to volume ratio and is useful for removing the liquid hydrocarbon products from a slurry hydrocarbon synthesis reactor and can easily be replaced without having to drain out the slurry.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons that are solid or have a high boiling temperature and may be laden with metals, sulfur or sediments, into liquids (gasolines, gas oil, fuels) with the help of a jet of gas properly superheated between 600 and 800° C. The process comprises preheating of feed 5 in a heater 8 to a temperature below the selected temperature of a reactor 10. This feed is injected by injectors 4 into the empty reactor 10 (i.e., without catalyst.) The feed is treated with a jet of gas or superheated steam from superheater 2 to activate the feed. The activated products in the feed are allowed to stabilize at the selected temperature and at a selected pressure in the reactor and are then run through a series of extractors 13 to separate heavy and light hydrocarbons and to demetallize the feed. Useful products appearing in the form of water/hydrogen emulsions are generally demulsified in emulsion breaker 16 to form water laden with different impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for managing hydrogen in a hydrocarbon gas to liquid plant. The process includes passing a syngas feed stream produced by a partial oxidation reactor to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, thereby converting the syngas to hydrocarbon liquids. The hydrogen management process further includes passing a second hydrogen rich stream produced by an auxiliary source to a hydrogen user such as an FT water stripper, an FT catalyst regeneration unit, and an FT product upgrading unit. The auxiliary source could be a process for converting hydrocarbons to syngas, a process for converting hydrocarbons to olefins, a process for converting hydrocarbons to aromatics, a process for catalytically dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, a process for catalytically cracking hydrocarbons, a process for refining petroleum, and a process for converting hydrocarbons to carbon filaments.

Abstract: A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a sulfated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a first component of at least one lanthanide element or yttrium component, which is preferably ytterbium, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective oxidation of hydrogen has been developed. It comprises an inert core such as cordierite and an outer layer comprising a lithium aluminate support. The support has dispersed thereon a platinum group metal and a promoter metal, e.g. platinum and tin respectively. This catalyst is particularly effective in the selective oxidation of hydrogen in a dehydrogenation process.

Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, a higher quality solid reaction product can be achieved, as well as a liquid having reduced polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized organic contaminants.

Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, also under a vacuum and optionally with or without the catalyst, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, an improved solid reaction product can be achieved.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a regenerator, a stripper or a withdrawal well connecting to either of the vessels, includes a standpipe for circulating catalyst from one vessel to another, the standpipe having an inlet design which reduces gas entrainment during catalyst transport by partial de-fluidization in the standpipe inlet region. The standpipe inlet design could include multiple inlet openings through the top of the standpipe or from the side wall by slots, or both, and a horizontal disk surrounding the standpipe below the slots for blocking the upward flow of bubbles, the combination thereby forming a dense fluidization zone above the disk and surrounding the inlet, including the slots. Additionally, the disk may include a downwardly-projecting lip or edge forming an inverted void space around the standpipe and the downwardly-projecting edge may further include vent holes around its circumference which allow bubbles trapped under the disk to be vented outside the standpipe inlet region.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising macrostructures having a three-dimensional network of particles comprised of porous inorganic material. The particles of the macrostructures occupy less than 75% of the total volume of the macrostructures and are joined together to form a three-dimensional interconnected network comprised of pores having diameters greater than about 20 Å. The macrostructures can be made by forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger and a synthesis mixture capable of forming the porous inorganic material; converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material; and removing the porous organic ion exchanger from the inorganic material.

Abstract: This present invention concerns a procedure for cracking, in a fluidized bed, a hydrocarbon charge wherein the cooling particles, which may optionally also be catalytic particles, circulate in two successive reaction chambers (1; 16), in each of which they are brought into contact with at least one cut of hydrocarbons, and the reaction effluents from each of said chambers are directed towards one and the same fractionating unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for recovering product from reactor effluent of a reactor for a hydrocarbon feedstream. An indigenous C4 stream is used as lean oil in a demethanizer, which facilitates significant cost and operational savings. C4 bottoms from a downstream depropanizer is used as lean oil recycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve SSZ-64 prepared using a N-cyclobutylmethyl-N-ethylhexamethyleneiminium cation or N-cyclobutylmethyl-N-ethylheptamethyleneiminium cation structure directing agent, and processes employing SSZ-64 in a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to the processing of waste, contaminated, or raw materials. Crude oil can be processed to purify oil and separate water.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of thermal and acidic treatment. Further, the invention describes a method for making a water-in-oil emulsion, or a solids-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion with a reduced viscosity. The emulsion can be used in enhanced oil recovery methods, including using the emulsion as a drive fluid to displace hydrocarbons in a subterranean formation, and using the emulsion as a barrier fluid for diverting flow of fluids in the formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an active coating for reducing or eliminating the build-up of coke deposits on a metal surface of a reactor component. The coating comprises a catalyst system and an adhesion/activation promoter. The catalyst system comprises at least a first compound and a second compound. The first compound is selected from one of the following groups of compounds: (a) a Group IA metal salt, (b) a Group IIA metal salt, and (c) a rare earth metal oxide, and the second compound is selected from a different group from the first compound. The adhesion/activation promoter comprises at least a first oxide and a second oxide. The first oxide is selected from one of the following groups of oxides: (d) a Group IIA oxide, (e) a Group IIIA oxide, and (f) a Group IVA oxide, and the second oxide is selected from a different group from the first oxide.

Abstract: The invention consists of an application of radiant burners to furnaces for heat treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks in which the feedstock that is to be treated circulates inside an exchange tube bundle that receives the heat that is emitted by the burners essentially by radiation and for which a strict monitoring of the temperature profile along the exchange bundle is necessary. Applied to steam-cracking furnaces, the invention makes it possible to increase the propylene yield to iso ethylene yield. It also makes it possible to increase the compactness of the furnace and the longevity of the exchange bundle and to reduce the NOx emissions.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a hydroprocessing method having at least two stages. The first stage employs a hydroprocessing catalyst which may contain hydrotreating catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst, or a combination of both. The second stage is limited to hydrocracking. Conversion in the second stage may be improved by the addition of multiple reaction zones for hydrocracking, with flash separation zones between the stages. Middle distillate yield is thereby increased and the volume of the recycle stream is reduced. This invention reduces the need for equipment which would normally be required for a large recycle stream.

Abstract: A process for substantially decreasing fouling in a refinery unit. The process comprises preheating a feed to said refinery unit reactor zone and there-after introducing the feed into said refinery unit reactor zone for reaction. The feed is preheated for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cause an effective amount of any polymers and/or oligomers contained in feed to decompose or unzip to substantially reduce fouling in the refinery unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel blend component derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process and a process for producing this stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel blend component. The stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel comprises olefins in an amount of 2 to 80 weight percent, non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 98 weight percent wherein the non-olefins are predominantly paraffins, oxygenates in an amount of less than 1 weight percent, and sulfur in an amount of less than 10 ppm by weight. A distillate fuel comprising the above blend component forms less than 5 ppm peroxides after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for determining the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the liquid fraction of a pyrolysis product by determining the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the pyrolysis product gas fraction and subtracting the thus determined value from the determined hydrogen-to-carbon of the hydrocarbon feed to the pyrolysis furnace. The determined value for the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the liquid fraction is used as a measure of cracking severity and in the control of the pyrolysis furnace in response to differences between the desired and actual hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the liquid fraction.

Abstract: A process for activating a supported metal catalyst or catalyst precursor useful for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising reducing with a hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature so that at least a portion is in the metallic state, impregnating under a non-oxidizing atmosphere with a solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts, alkyl ammonium salts and weak organic acids, optionally further including ammonia, to the point where it has absorbed a volume of solution equal to at least about 10% of its calculated pore volume, oxidizing with a gaseous oxidant in the presence of the impregnating solution and reducing with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperatures to form an active catalyst. The steps beginning with the impregnation may be repeated. Optionally, the catalyst may be calcined after the oxidation step and/or passivated after activation.

Abstract: A method and reactor for upgrading a hydrocarbon in which an oxygen source and a hydrocarbon source are ignited and the resulting synthetic gas is used to initiate a gas phase heavy oil upgrade reaction. The upgrade reaction is quenched quickly after initiation of the gas phase reaction.

Abstract: A solvating component for a solvated mesophase pitch. The solvated component includes a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons having boiling points in the atmospheric equivalent boiling point range of about 285° to about 500° C. (about 550° F.-932° F.). At least 80% of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbons are aromatic as characterized by carbon 13 NMR. The aromatic hydrocarbons are selected from a group consisting of aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, hydroaromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The flow properties of crude petroleum having an API gravity varying from about 6 to 12 are improved by heating the crude petroleum to a temperature of about 35° C. to 200° C. and, in the presence of a suitable viscosity reducing additive, shearing the heated crude petroleum with a high shearing force sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the crude petroleum to a range of about 250 centipoise (cP) to about 1000 cP. Suitable viscosity reducing additives include gasoline, naphtha, butanol, petroleum ether, diesel fuel, citrus oil based cleansers and degreasers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a heavy crude oil includes the steps of providing a heavy crude oil; and exposing the heavy crude oil to residue conversion conditions in the presence of a free radical generator and a hydrogen donor, whereby the free radical generator enhances reactions to form distillates, and the hydrogen donor inhibits reactions to form coke.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful for cracking and reducing the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons. The catalytic composition comprises Portland cement, a volcanic ash component, titanium dioxide, and a transition metal salt. Optionally, a hydrogen source is added to the catalytic composition.

Abstract: A process for treating hydrocarbon feed in a furnace, the process comprising: (a) heating hydrocarbon feed, (b) adding water to the heated feed, (c) adding dilution steam to the heated feed to form a mixture, (d) heating the resulting mixture and feeding the resulting heated mixture to the furnace, wherein the water in (b) is added in an amount of from at least about 1% to 100% based on water and dilution steam by weight.

Abstract: A process to increase the non-volatile removal efficiency in a flash drum in the steam cracking system. The gas flow from the convection section is converted from mist flow to annular flow before entering the flash drum to increase the removal efficiency. The conversion of gas flow from mist flow to annular flow is accomplished by subjecting the gas flow first to at least one expander and then to bends of various degrees and force the flow to change directions at least once. The change of gas flow from mist to annular helps coalesce fine liquid droplets and thus being removed from the vapor phase.

Abstract: A process for feeding or cracking heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing non-volatile hydrocarbons comprising: heating the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, mixing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock with a fluid and/or a primary dilution steam stream to form a mixture, flashing the mixture to form a vapor phase and a liquid phase, and varying the amount of the fluid and/or the primary dilution steam stream mixed with the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in accordance with at least one selected operating parameter of the process, such as the temperature of the flash stream before entering the flash drum.

Abstract: The reforming of heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water is accomplished by mixing together supercritical water, heavy oil, and oxidizing agent, thereby oxidizing vanadium in heavy oil with the oxidizing agent at the time of treatment with supercritical water and separate vanadium oxide. The separated vanadium oxide is removed by the scavenger after treatment with supercritical water. In this way it is possible to solve the long-standing problem with corrosion of turbine blades by vanadium which arises when heavy oil is used as gas turbine fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new crystalline zeolite SSZ-57 and processes employing SSZ-57 in a catalyst.

Abstract: A method for lowering the cloud/pour point of a waxy crude oil in locations where size and/or weight of the facility may need to be limited (i.e. arctic zones and offshore). The major components of the system comprise a fractionation/quench tower and a reaction furnace. The furnace has sufficient heat input to initiate thermal cracking of wax and the fractionation tower is operated at a temperature sufficient to flash off light hydrocarbons but also low enough to quench thermal cracking reaction. The feed to the furnace comprises a portion of the bottoms stream from the tower and the furnace output is fed back into the tower bottom to be quenched.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis tube for enhancing the yield of olefins and reducing a coking tendency in steam cracking of hydrocarbons. According to the present invention, the pyrolysis tube is characterized in that a plurality of mixing blades made by twisting two ends of a plate in opposite directions are included therein. The yield of ethylene is thereby improved and the coking tendency is reduced by mixing a fluid flow, improving a heat transfer rate and shortening a residence time of the reactants therein.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for producing sweet synthetic crude from a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising: an upgrader for receiving said heavy hydrocarbon feed and producing a distillate fraction including sour products, and high-carbon content by-products; a gasifier for receiving the high-carbon content by-products and producing synthetic fuel gas and sour by-products; a hydroprocessing unit for receiving the sour by-products and hydrogen gas, thereby producing gas and sweet crude; and a hydrogen recovery unit for receiving said synthetic fuel gas and producing further hydrogen gas and hydrogen-depleted synthetic fuel gas, said further hydrogen gas being supplied to said hydroprocessing unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis furnace with new type radiant tubes arrangement and method of its operation and usage. The first pass tubes and second pass tubes of radiant tubes of pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention are located at two parallel planes respectively, the projection of second pass tube of radiant tubes in each group is corresponding to the center location of projection connecting line of two first pass tubes adjacent therewith. The present invention can also employ top burners and bottom burners; the inlet of crossover section is located at middle-upper portion of radiant section wall. The present invention has the feature of uniform heat conduction, high effectiveness, flexible and simple operation and control, and small investment, it is suitable for cracking reaction of hydrocarbons feedstock.

Abstract: The cracking of hydrocarbon fractions, for example to obtain low olefins, in particular ethylene, is performed in reaction tubes that are at least partially coated with catalyst. The catalyst can promote gasification of coke with water vapor after the water-gas reaction in CO, CO2 and H2, and/or the cracking reactions. The catalyst coating can be placed directly on reaction tubes or on top of a previously applied adhesion promoter and/or auxiliary medium placed on the reaction tubes, in particular on a grid. Preferably, the catalyst coating is applied thermally, by cold-coating processes, in particular the slip process, by vapor deposition and/or,adhesion. The catalyst can promote, in particular, gasification of coke with water vapor after the water-gas reaction in CO, CO2 and H2 and make hydrogen, obtained during catalytic gasification, available for cracking hydrocarbons and/or as additional product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-59 and processes employing SSZ-59 as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process and system for the vapor phase alkylation of an aromatic substrate in a multi-stage alkylation reaction zone having a plurality of series-connected catalyst beds spaced from one another to provide mixing zones between adjacent catalyst beds. A feedstock containing an aromatic substrate and a C2-C4 alkylating agent is supplied to an inlet side of the reaction zone. The reaction zone is operated at conditions in which the aromatic substrate is in the gas phase and causing vapor phase alkylation of the aromatic substrate as the aromatic substrate and the alkylating agent flow through the reaction zone and pass from one catalyst bed to the next. A quench fluid comprising one or both of the aromatic substrate and the alkylating agent is supplied into the interior of the mixing zone through a plurality of flow paths in which one portion of the flow paths is directed upwardly within the mixing zone and another portion downwardly within the mixing zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrolysis furnace with new type heat supply and a method of high temperature cracking using the same. The present invention employs top burners and bottom burners combined heat supply; the inlet of crossover section is connected from middle-upper portion of side wall of radiant section wall; and the present invention has the feature of uniform heat supply, high effectiveness, flexible and simple operation and control, and small investment, it is suitable for cracking reaction of hydrocarbons feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-60 and processes employing SSZ-60 as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-58 and processes employing SSZ-58 as a catalyst.