Abstract: A process is provided for dewaxing hydrocarbon feedstock by isomerizing the waxy components of the feedstock over catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite having been prepared by the method comprising providing a boron-containing zeolite Beta, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed which extends the useful life of a regenerable zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. In one aspect of this process, a hydrocarbon feed containing fluorides is passed through a fluoride removal system which reduces the fluoride concentration of the feed to below 100 ppb. The hydrocarbon feed containing less than 100 ppb fluorine is then converted over a regenerable zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. The zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is regenerated with an oxygen-containing gas stream as necessary to burn off carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst so as to return the zeolite catalyst to a high level of activity.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis are expressed by the formula:mR: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; "M" represents at least two elements capable of forming framework tetrahedral oxides and selected from the group consisting of arsenic, beryllium, boron, chromium, gallium, germanium, lithium and vanadium; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed. The catalyst is useful in the cracking and hydrocracking of various hydrocarbonaceous feeds.

Abstract: Olefin containing gasolines are upgraded to improve octane number with less than 5 wt.% yield loss by contacting such gasolines at elevated temperatures with acidic zeolites having alpha values between 5 and 100.

Abstract: A novel catalytic absorbent composition is prepared with a synthetic copper or silver carbonate-containing material. The absorbent is useful for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan sulfur from hydrocarbon oils, especially from feedstreams to a reformer.

Abstract: Naphtha is isomerized using a medium-pore zeolite catalyst.Isomerization is accomplished by contacting the hydrocarbon with the medium-pore zeolite catalyst at a temperature in the range 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., preferably, at a space velocity of 0.05 to 75 v/v/hr, preferably, at a pressure at 14.7 to 1500 psig.The medium zeolite catalyst employed has a silica to alumina ratio in the range of about 5 to >30, preferably 10-20, more preferably 12-17 and a pore size of about 5.5 to 6.8 .ANG.. The preferred medium pore zeolite is a zeolite of the offretite type. The zeolite preferably has associated with it a hydrogenation component which is typically a Group VIII metal, oxide or sulphide, or mixtures thereof, preferably platinum or palladium. The preferred offretite type zeolite may be any of the readily available commercial materials and may have their SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: An improved catalytic reforming process. The process is operated at high severity in order to obtain a reformate product having an enhanced octane rating. Higher octane reformate is required to compensate for the reduction or total elimination of lead-based additives used in motor gasoline for increasing octane rating, since reformate is a primary component of motor gasoline. High severity operation results in the formation of quantities of polycyclic aromatic compounds whose presence is highly undesirable. These compounds are removed from the vaporous products of the catalytic reforming process by adsorption on an appropriate material. It was totally unexpected to find that these very high molecular weight compounds are present in vapor streams comprised of hydrogen and light normally-gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and propane.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes including hydrocracking and hydrotreating are performed utilizing a novel phosphorus-modified alumina composite comprising a hydrogel having a molar ratio on an elemental basis of phosphorus to aluminum of from 1:1 to 1:100 together with a surface area of about 140 to 450 m.sup.2 /gm. The composite is prepared by admixing an alumina hydrosol with a phosphorus-containing compound to form a phosphorus-modified sol and gelling said admixture.

Abstract: Boron, aluminum and gallium C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 perfluoroalkanesulfonates (CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.3).sub.3 M (M=B, A1, Ga; n=0-17) as well as perfluororesin sulfonates such as Nafionates are new, highly effective Friedel-Crafts catalysts. In contrast to volatile aluminum and boron trihalides, the Group III-B perfluoroalkanesulfonates are generally of low or no volatility and, except for boron triflate and some of its homologs, only sparingly soluble incommon organic solvents. This allows their use as solid or supported Friedel-Crafts catalysts of wide utility and scope in continuous heterogenous catalytic processes. At the same time, boron triflate and related lower perfluoroalkanesulfonates are particularly efficient soluble catalysts in solution reactions.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing gasoline having a high octane number or aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stock containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with a catalyst at an elevated temperature said catalyst comprising a zeolite and a fluorine compound, and optionally Group Ib, IIb, IIIa, VI, VIIb or VIII metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Substitution of aluminum or gallium for boron or iron contained in the framework of a high silica content zeolite is effected by treating the zeolite in liquid water in the presence of a compound of aluminum or gallium. Catalyst comprising the treated zeolite is used for conducting acid-catalyzed reactions of organic compounds, e.g. cracking of hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a reforming catalyst in a reaction vessel to produce a reformate, hydrogen, methane, and ethane are stripped from the reformate in a first separator, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are stripped from the stripped reformate in a second separator, and then a portion of the hydrogen, methane, and ethane; and substantially all of the C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are recycled to the reaction vessel as heat carrier.

Abstract: Titanium-containing molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes the instant invention employs novel titanium-containing molecular sieves comprising titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen and are generally employable in separation and hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A process for the use of such sorbent, or catalyst, to effectively remove sulfur from naphthas at temperatures above about 350.degree. F. without the significant production, if any, of PNA's. The invention embodies a particulate mass of a sorbent, or catalyst, comprised of nickel in concentration ranging from about 10 percent to about 70 percent, preferably from about 20 percent to about 50 percent, calculated as metallic nickel based on the total weight of the sorbent, iron in concentration ranging from about 1 percent to about 15 percent, preferably from about 2 percent to about 10 percent, calculated as metallic iron based on the total weight of the sorbent, or catalyst composition and a porous, refractory inorganic oxide such as silica, alumina, clays, or mixture thereof; preferably alumina, with which the nickel and iron are composited.

Abstract: A reforming process employing a catalyst composition selected from the group consisting of a catalyst consisting essentially of zinc oxide and a spinel alumina wherein insufficient zinc is present for the formation of a bulk zinc aluminate and a catalyst composition consisting essentially of a physical mixture of zinc aluminate and a spinel alumina wherein insufficient zinc is present for the formation of a bulk zinc aluminate.

Abstract: A reactor sequencing technique is useful for multi-stage hydrocarbon conversion systems employing a number of fixed bed catalytic reactors at various process temperatures and catalytic activity levels. An apparatus for oligomerizing lower olefins (e.g., C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) is disclosed wherein catalyst partially inactivated in a primary stage is employed to effect conversion at higher temperature in a secondary stage prior to catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: Titanium-containing molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The instant invention employs novel titanium-containing molecular sieves comprising titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen and are generally employable in hydrocarbon conversion processes, including cracking, hydrocracking and hydrotreating.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said zeolite being prepared by calcining the zeolite, contacting said calcined zeolite with solid aluminum fluoride, and coverting said aluminum fluoride contacted material to hydrogen form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts for reforming petroleum products in mass form or supported for example, on aluminium or active carbon, the active part of which consists of tungsten and molybdenum carbides corresponding to the general formula:(Mox W.sub.1-x)y Czwherein0<x<11.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20.8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1Nitridation prior to their use in a mixture H.sub.2 +N.sub.2 substantially increases the activity and selectivity thereof.These catalysts are not very sensitive to contamination by sulphur products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby a full range catalytically cracked gasoline is upgraded over a mixture of Zn/Cr catalyst and a crystalline iron silicate catalyst having a SiO.sub.2 /Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of 10-250 or a mixture of a Zn/Cr catalyst and a crystalline iron/aluminum silicate catalyst having a SiO.sub.2 /Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio below 250 and a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of at least 500.

Abstract: By-product effluent streams from pyrolytic hydrocarbon cracking processes, containing monoolefins and diolefins, are treated to hydrogenate the olefins and to aromatize the aliphatics, with a catalyst comprising silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO-5, SAPO-11 etc.).

Abstract: By-product effluent streams from pyrolytic hydrocarbon cracking processes, containing monoolefins and diolefins, are treated to hydrogenate the olefins and to aromatize the aliphatics, with a catalyst comprising the aluminophosphates of U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,440.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes which use catalyst compositions comprising a core of silica with an overlying modified-silica zeolite, preferably containing aluminium, gallium or boron, show improved catalytic activity. The composites are prepared by introducing preformed silica particles, preferably with a crystallite size greater than 0.1.mu., into a reaction mixture comprising a silicon source, a source of the modifying element, and preferably an organic template such as a tetraalkylammonium compound to form the modified-silica zeolite with a constraint index of from 1 to 12. The weight ratio of the silica core to SiO.sub.2 in the reaction mixture is preferably 1:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: A reforming-isomerization process for realizing optimum upgrading of a naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is reformed over a bimetallic catalyst and the reformate is separated into one or more gas fractions, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 paraffin liquid fraction and a reformate liquid product. The C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 fraction is isomerized to upgrade the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 components and the isomerizate is separate into a light gas product and a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerizate liquid product with optional separation and recycle of normal paraffins. The light gas products are compressed and recycled for use in the reformation and isomerization. The C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerizate is blended with the reformate liquid product to produce high octane motor fuel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for decreasing catalyst coking and extending the usable catalyst life by pre-treatment of the catalyst with steam and/or a phosphorus-containing compound. Catalysts benefiting from such pre-treatment comprise crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: The catalytic reforming of a feedstock which contains a derivative of cyclopentane or which contains organic compounds which are convertible to a derivative of cyclopentane is carried out in the presence of a hydrogrel of zinc titanate and a suitable acidic material. Also, the attrition resistance of zinc titanate is improved by incorporating the zinc titanate into a hydrogel structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for upgrading low grade gasoline made from synthesis gas, especially the gasoline made from coal-based processes. The process comprises contacting in the vapour phase the low-grade gasoline either alone or admixed with a C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed with a gallium/aluminosilicate catalyst.The product gasoline so formed has an octane rating RON (clear) above 100 and a bromine number below 2. The process enables synthesis gas and coal to be used as a source of high grade gasoline.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for decreasing catalyst coking and extending the usable catalyst life by pre-treatment of the catalyst with steam and/or a phosphorus-containing compound. Catalysts benefiting from such pre-treatment comprise crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: Octane and overall product quality improvement in catalytic cracking processes utilizing an essentially entirely amorphous cracking catalyst can be attained by using instead a catalyst comprising a minor amount, e.g. from about 0.01 to about 25 weight percent, of a class of crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The crystalline zeolites may be added to the conventional amorphous cracking catalyst in the cracking process by way of adding a separate additive composition in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive composition in said minor amount of the total catalyst in the cracking process.

Abstract: A process for hydroisomerization of C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 paraffins with a nickel and/or cobalt synthetic mica-montmorillonite catalyst which has been pretreated with hydrogen at a temperature of at least 400.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for selectively converting adsorbable hydrocarbon feeds containing straight-chain and slightly branched-chain hydrocarbons to olefins by contacting the feeds with crystalline silicates.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a catalyst composite comprising from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of a silica polymorph consisting of crystalline silica, said silica polymorph after calcination in air at 600.degree. C. for one hour, having a mean refractive index of 1.39.+-.0.01 and a specific gravity at 25.degree. C. of 1.70.+-.0.05 g/cc and at least 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent Ziegler alumina.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons to increase the octane number thereof comprising contacting same with a gamma alumina catalyst derived from the hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides.

Abstract: An improved process for fluid catalytic cracking or hydrocarbons employing a Y zeolite in a silica-alumina matrix and containing from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent fluorine. The catalyst is prepared by contacting a Y zeolite in a silica-alumina matrix with an aqueous solution of a fluorine compound, preferably an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride, for a period of 16 to 24 hours, followed by drying and calcining the resultant fluorided cracking catalyst. The process of cracking hydrocarbons with these catalysts produces improved yields of motor fuel fractions of improved octane number as compared with processes employing unfluorided cracking catalysts.

Abstract: Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The additive catalyst is added to the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive catalyst at from about 0.01 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process.

Abstract: A new porous zeolite, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0-2.5)M.sub.2/n O:(0- 2.5)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(100)SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in Table 1 herein. The new zeolite is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a source of silica, a source of organic compounds of Group VB, alkali metal cations, water and with or without a source of alumina.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for decreasing catalyst coking and extending the usable catalyst life by pre-treatment of the catalyst with steam and/or a phosphorus-containing compound. Catalysts benefiting from such pre-treatment comprise crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons which process comprises contacting at elevated temperature and in the vapor phase a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a silica to alumina molar ratio greater than 12:1 which has been modified by incorporation therein of aluminium either by exchange or impregnation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons suitable for use as gasoline blending components. In the process a mixed hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon fraction containing olefins and an (un)saturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon is brought into contact in the vapor phase with an aluminosilicate having a gallium compound deposited thereon or having gallium ions exchanged with cations therein. The resultant product shows considerable improvement in RON and MON and is therefore ideal for blending with gasoline. Hydrogen is formed as a valuable by-product.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture from monoolefins having not more than four carbon atoms by contacting with certain crystalline silicate catalysts having certain ratio of composition to crystallite size to achieve durable selectivity.

Abstract: In a process for converting a high boiling hydrocarbon charge fraction to liquid products of lower boiling range which comprises contacting said charge fraction with a crystalline zeolite characterized by a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an acid activity measured by the alpha scale less than 10, said contacting being conducted at 650.degree. to 850.degree. F., space velocity of 0.1 to 5.0 LHSV and a pressure not less than about 200 psi, the improvement which comprises utilizing, as catalyst, a zeolite of the above character that is prepared by steaming followed by base exchange to substantially eliminate its activity for cracking n-hexane.

Abstract: Prevention of detrimental effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron on the activity of cracking catalysts is achieved by contacting the cracking catalyst with manganese selenide. The modifying treatment of the catalyst with manganese selenide increases octane rating of the gasoline produced.

Abstract: A process is provided for increasing gasoline octane number and/or total gasoline yield in catalytic cracking units by the addition of a very small amount of finely divided shape selective additive promoter, which additive promoter is not intimately combined with a substantial amount of another solid prior to contact with the cracking catalyst. The additive promoter, in one embodiment, is a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The weight ratio of said zeolite of the additive catalyst to the amount of active component, e.g. faujasite zeolite, in the conventional cracking catalyst ranges from between about 1:400 and about 1:15.

Abstract: An improved aromatization process is disclosed for upgrading the octane of an aliphatic feedstream, increasing the hydrogen to methane mol ratio of the product and decreasing the C.sub.10 + aromatics production. In the process the feed is diluted with CO, CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 at a mol ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:20 of feed to diluent, and passed over a ZSM-5-type of aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: A novel aluminous composition prepared by impregnating porous gamma alumina with aluminum hydride and subsequently heating the impregnated alumina to a temperature of from about 300.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. in a non-oxidizing environment. The composition is useful as a catalyst in reactions catalyzed by acid catalysts.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst suitable for conversion of heavy hydrocarbon oils containing large amounts of metallic contaminants, such as petroleum residua, to lower boiling products comprises a porous inorganic oxide such as bulk alumina composited with an inorganic oxide gel matrix such as silica-alumina, and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of a hydrocarbon stream which is primarily C.sub.4 paraffins to aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen over certain crystalline silicates containing zinc.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and hydrogen from a light hydrocarbon stream containing at least 50% w propane using as catalyst certain crystalline silicates promoted with zinc.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprises an ultrastable Y-type crystalline zeolite, a small pore crystalline zeolite such as mordenite, an inorganic oxide matrix and, optionally, a porous inert component. The cracking catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for the production of high octane naphtha fractions from higher boiling point hydrocarbonaceous oils. Catalytic cracking processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided.