Abstract: Novel catalyst compositions comprising a metal hydrogenation component and a modified form of zeolite Y are found to be highly effective in the hydrocarbon conversion processes carried out in the presence of added hydrogen and involving hydrogenation as an essential reaction mechanism. The modified form of zeolite Y is prepared from a starting zeolite Y which has been ammonium cation exchanged to lower the alkali metal content to less than 3.0 weight percent. The starting composition is then steamed at temperatures above about 550.degree. C. to reduce the unit cell dimension and then contacted with an aqueous ammonium ion solution having a pH below about 4 to increase the bulk Si/Al.sub.2 ratio to the range of about 6.5 to 20.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: Process conditions and process configuration have been discovered for the concurrent but independent catalytic reaction of waxy distillate and light olefins feedstocks that simultaneously results in the dewaxing of distillate feedstock and the oligomerization of light olefins to produce olefinic gasoline. In the novel process, under the conditions discovered, the opposing reactions of molecular weight reduction, as exemplified by waxy n-paraffin cracking, and molecular weight growth, as exemplified by olefin oligomerization, have been found to compatibly coexist to achieve the sought after objective of producing olefinic gasoline while dewaxing distillate in a single conversion step. Partial desulfurization and denitrogenation of the distillate feed also occurs.

Abstract: A high aromatic-content solvent having a boiling point range of 185.degree.-245.degree. C. and a mixed aniline point of not higher than 21.degree. C. is produced by reforming a petroleum fraction containing at least 50% by volume of components having a boiling point range of 150.degree.-215.degree. C. and then subjecting to a fractional distillation.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a novel zeolite NU-87, is useful in a wide variety of hydrocarbon conversion reactions including isomerisation, transalkylation and alkylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to molecular sieve compositions and processes for using the molecular sieves. The molecular sieves have a three-dimensional microporous crystalline framework structure of tetrahedral oxide units of AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and/or FeO.sub.2. These molecular sieves can be prepared by contacting a starting zeolite with a solution or slurry of a fluoro salt of titanium and/or iron under effective process conditions to extract aluminum from the zeolite framework and substitute titanium and/or iron. The molecular sieves can be used as catalysts in hydrocarbon conversion processes and other processes.

Abstract: Zeolites washed with aqueous solutions or water to exhibit pH in the range of 9.4 to 10.0 and preferably 9.6 to 10.0 which can be converted to reforming catalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity and activity maintenance. Also processes for washing the zeolite to the target pH range and processes for using catalysts made with the washed zeolite to reform naphtha feeds.

Abstract: A crystalline aluminosilicate having its anhydrous state a formula expressed in terms of mol ratios as follows:xQ:0.01-0.1 M.sub.2/n O:0-0.8 Z.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 :0.0001-0.5 MeS,wherein:Q is an organic nitrogen compound;Z is aluminium, boron, gallium or mixtures thereof;x is between 0 and 0.5;M is at least one metal cation of valence n; andMe is at least one of the metals which form an insoluble sulfide compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improved dehydrogenation of paraffins using as catalyst zeolite modified with a Group I A modifier and containing a transition metal component.

Abstract: Process for upgrading a sulphur-containing feedstock consisting of a hydrocarbon mixture substantially boiling in the gasoline range which process consists of subjecting the feedstock to a reforming step and subsequently to a hydrotreating step, and recovering from the hydrotreating step a product substantially boiling in the gasoline range and having increased aromaticity and decreased sulphur content.

Abstract: The concentration of aromatics in a hydrocarbon feedstock, preferably a diesel oil, is increased by contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen at an elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst devoid of Group VIB metal components and comprising nickel and/or cobalt components supported on a mixture of one or more amorphous, inorganic, refractory oxide components and an acidic, crystalline, intermediate pore molecular sieve, preferably a mixture of alumina and silicalite.

Abstract: A synthetic large pore crystalline metalsilicate zeolite composition, designated as ECR-35, having the formula, expressed in term of mole ratio of oxides: ##STR1## where T is an organic cation selected from the group consisting of tetraethylammonium and methyltriethyl ammonium, and mixtures thereof and X is Al or Ga; wherein the composition consists of an X-ray diffraction pattern having the line intensities:______________________________________ Line # d(.ANG.) Intensity ______________________________________ (1) 15.00 .+-. 0.2 weak to very strong (2) 14.20 .+-. 0.2 very strong (3) 13.40 .+-. 0.2 weak to medium (4) 8.70 .+-. 0.2 medium (5) 8.03 .+-. 0.2 zero to medium (6) 7.40 .+-. 0.15 medium (7) 5.65 .+-. 0.

Abstract: The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks is affected under effective conversion process conditions in the presence of silicoaluminophosphate-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: Catalytic reforming processes using boron-containing large-pore zeolites.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for decreasing the energy consumption of a catalytic cracking process product recovery section while improving gasoline yield by integrating multistage vapor compression and product recovery with deacidification and conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 aliphatics to C.sub.5 + normally liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A zeolite, designated zeolite NU-86, having a molar composition expressed by the formula 100 XO.sub.2 : equal to or less than 10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : equal to less than 20 R.sub.2/n O where R is one or more cations of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminum, iron, gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese and having an X-ray diffraction pattern including the lines shown in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a polymethylene alpha, omega-diammonium cation. This zeolite is a useful catalyst for a variety of reactions.

Abstract: A method is described for purifying an ultra-large pore crystalline material by contact with an aqueous solution having a hydroxyl concentration sufficient to solubilize an impurity phase but not the crystalline material. The purified crystalline material is also described, as is a hydrocarbon conversion process over the purified crystalline material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new crystalline composition MCM-40, to a method for synthesizing said crystalline composition using diaminocyclohexane as a directing agent and to use of said crystalline composition as a catalyst component for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: Lubricating base oils having a high viscosity index, preferably at least 135, are manufactured by catalytic hydroisomerization of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock, derived from a waxy crude oil, which feedstock has not been treated to remove a lubricating base oil fraction and which feedstock contains at least 30% by weight wax and has at least 80% by weight boiling above 300.degree. C. and at most 30% by weight boiling above 540.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the reforming of hydrocarbons is improved by the use of an enhanced nucleate boiling surface in a selected portion of the feed effluent heat exchanger. In a vertical type heat exchanger where the reforming feedstream enters at a lower end of the heat exchanger and is at least partially vaporized in the heat exchanger by contact with a reforming effluent stream that enters an upper end of the heat exchanger and is at least partially condensed therein, an enhanced nucleate boiling surface is formed on the heat exchange surface that is in contact with the entering liquid phase portion of the stream feed. The enhanced nucleate boiling surface increases the amount of condensing that takes place on the opposite side of the heat exchange surface in a boiling-condensing zone.

Abstract: Carbonaceous materials deposited on solid catalysts and produced, for example, in Beckmann rearrangement in a gaseous phase are burned off by effecting the treatment in the presence of alcohols such as methanol or ethanol together with molecular oxygen-containing gas in order to regenerate the catalyst activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to framework gallium containing ultrastable Y having a framework (silica:alumina+gallium oxide) SiO.sub.2 /(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3) mole ratio of 18:1 which contains at least 2.2% framework gallium. Moreover, the invention includes use of the framework gallium containing ultrastable Y in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as reforming, catalytic cracking and aromatization.

Abstract: Conversion of benzene to heavier aromatics by contact with alkyl polynucleararomatics, preferably FCC heavy cycle oil, in the presence of an alkylation/transalkylation catalyst is disclosed. Efficient conversion of relatively dilute benzene in reformate is possible. Use of alkyl polynucleararomatics as a source of alkyl groups, with reduced use of monocyclic alkyl aromatics, permits robust reaction conditions to be used without a net formation of benzene by dealkylation. The process preferably uses a solid zeolite based acidic catalyst disposed in a fixed, moving or fluid bed reactor. Preferred catalysts comprise MCM-22 or ZSM-5.

Abstract: Organic compound conversion over catalyst comprising the product of a method for controlling the catalytic activity of a large pore molecular sieve which contains framework boron is provided. Control is effected by treatment with a solution of a metal salt under conditions such that metal is incorporated into the molecular sieve framework.

Abstract: A process for producing methylnaphthalenes is disclosed, comprising subjecting a fraction containing at least 50% by volume of components within the boiling range of 195.degree.-215.degree. C., which is obtained by distilling a raffinate resulting from the recovery of normal paraffins from a hydrodesulfurized kerosene fraction, to reforming reaction and then recovering methylnaphthalenes from the product oil.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons in a transport or sub-transport fluidized bed reaction zone. Inert particles are used to transfer heat to the reaction zone. The particles may be heated separately from the catalyst in a combustion zone or together with the catalyst in a regenerator. Fuel is fired to heat the inert particles or a mixture of catalyst and inert particles. Hydrogen deficient fuels such as charcoal or coke are preferred.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalytic conversion of organic compounds over MCM-35, a new crystalline material exhibiting a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern. The conversion process includes the mechanisms of cracking, hydrocracking, dewaxing, dehydrogenation and aromatic alkylation.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the zeolite L type structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:zK.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal other than potassium, preferably sodium, x equals at least 3.0, preferably 4 to 10, y equals 0 to 0.9, z equals 0.1 to 1.0, and y+z equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes, preferably hydrocarbon conversion processes, and most preferably hydrocracking and isomerization processes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline rich in aromatics but containing a relatively low concentration of benzene. The process comprises the separation of C.sub.6 fraction of the gasoline feedstock into n-hexane and C.sub.6 isomers. The n-hexane and C.sub.7 + streams are catalytically reformed to produce a reformate with a diminished yield of benzene. The reformate is separated and the C.sub.6 - reformate fraction containing benzene is alkylated employing acidic metallosilicate catalyst such as ZSM-5 as the catalyst and preferably methano or propylene as the alkylating agent. The alkylate comprises C.sub.7+ alkylaromatics. The C.sub.6 isomers are blended into the gasoline pool.

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming gasoline boiling range naphthas which catalysts are comprised of Pt and Sn on alumina and a modifier comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of 0.01 to 5 wt. % Pt, alumina, and a modifier comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline-earth metal selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5,000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of platinum and iridium agglomerated to exhibit a crystallinity of at least 50% as measured by x-ray, and an alumina support material modified with about 100 to 500 wppm of Si and at least 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr, wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5000 wppm.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst comprised of platinum, iridium, and optionally rhenium, on a modified alumina support which modifier is comprised of about 100 to 500 wppm Si and at least about 10 wppm of one or more alkaline earth metals selected from Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr wherein the total amount of modifier does not exceed about 5,000 wppm.

Abstract: A process for production of dimethylnaphthalenes is disclosed, comprising subjecting a raffinate resulting from the recovery of normal paraffins from a hydrodesulfurized kerosene fraction to reforming reaction and then recovering dimethylnaphthalenes from the product oil.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst mixture and process are disclosed. The mixture comprises (a) a cracking catalyst containing a matrix and a large pore molecular sieve and (b) separate additive catalysts comprising at least one of a shape selective paraffin cracking/isomerization zeolite and a shape selective aliphatic aromatization zeolite. An exemplary catalyst mixture comprises Dealuminized zeolite Y, optionally containing rare earth elements in an alumina-rich matrix, an additive catalyst of HZSM-5 in a matrix, and an additional additive catalyst of gallium ZSM-5 in a matrix. The alumina-rich matrix of the cracking catalyst acts as a sodium and metals sink. The large pore molecular sieve catalyst cracks large hydrocarbons to lighter paraffins and olefins. The shape selective paraffin cracking/isomerization component cracks/isomerizes the paraffins produced by the large pore molecular sieve. The shape selective aliphatic aromatization catalyst converts light paraffins and olefins into aromatics.

Abstract: An improved fluid-bed reaction process and apparatus are disclosed in which feedstock is preheated and may be at least partially converted by contacting the feedstock with spent catalyst in a preheat zone. Additional benefits include a reduction in catalyst poisons and coke production in the reaction zone. By contacting the fresh feed with hot spent catalyst, at least a portion of the coke which would otherwise form in the reactor is deposited on the spent catalyst. Temporary catalyst poisons are also sorbed onto the spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is then withdrawn from the preheat zone, stripped of entrained hydrocarbon and regenerated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock rich in C.sub.2 hydrocarbons. In particular it is a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons comprising bringing into contact at a temperature between 580.degree. C. and 750.degree. C. a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least 70% by weight of C.sub.2 hydrocarbons with a catalyst composition comprising an aluminosilicate having gallium deposited thereon and/or aluminosilicate in which cations have been exchanged with gallium ions, said aluminosilicates containing silica to alumina in a molar ratio of at least 5:1. The process affords a one-step method of upgrading C.sub.2 feedstock into aromatics.

Abstract: A novel family of crystalline, microporus aluminophosphate compositions is synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization at elevated temperatures of aluminophosphate gels containing a molecular structure forming template. The family comprises a number of distinct species, each with a unique crystal structure. Calcination removes volatile extraneous matter from the intracrystalline void space and yields microporus crystalline adsorbents with uniform pores, the dimensions of which vary, among the individual species, from about 3A to 10A diameter. The composition exhibit properties somewhat analogous to zeolitic molecular sieves which render them useful as catalysts or catalyst bases in chemical reactions such as hydrocarbon conversions.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon fraction having a limited proportion of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon fraction is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction containing less than 10% by volume of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbon. The light fraction is reformed in the presence of a monofunctional catalyst, and the heavy fraction is reformed in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of a hydrocarbanceous feedstock containing hydrocarbons having a boiling range wherein that an amount of hydrocarbon boils at a temperature of at least 330.degree. C., which process comprises contacting the feedstock with a zeolitic catalyst having a pore diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 nm at a temperature of less than 480.degree. C. and during a period of time comprising less than 10 seconds.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of TiO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Ti.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Ti.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel family of crystalline, microporous gallophosphate compositions is synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization at elevated temperatures from gallophosphate gels containing a molecular structure-forming template. The family comprises distinct species, each with a unique crystal structure. Calcination removed volatile extraneous matter from the intracrystalline void space and yields microporous crystalline adsorbents with pores, the dimensions of which vary, among the individual species, from about 3A to 10A in diameter. The compositions represent a new class of adsorbents of the molecular sieve type, and also exhibit properties somewhat analogous to zeolitic molecular sieves which render them useful as catalysts or catalyst based in chemical reactions such as hydrocarbon conversion.

Abstract: Using a catalyst comprising a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve such as SAPO-11 and SAPO-41, and platinum or palladium, a hydrogenation component, heavy oils are simultaneously subjected to hydrocracking and isomerization reactions. The process selectively produces middle distillates in high yields having good low temperature fluid characteristics, especially reduced pour point and viscosity.

Abstract: Molecular sieve compositions having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of CrO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Cr.sub.x Al.sub.Y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Cr.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represents the mole fractions of chromium, aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of MnO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Mn.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Mn.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of manganese, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: Delaminated clays whose X-ray diffraction patterns do not contain a distinct first order reflection are prepared from synthetic and natural swelling clays whose particles have a length-to-width ratio greater than about 2.0, a length-to-thickness ratio greater than about 5.0 and are comprised of randomly oriented platelets by reacting the clay with a pillaring agent selected from the group consisting of polyoxymetal cations, mixtures of polyoxymetal cations, colloidal particles comprising alumina, silica, titania, chromia, tin oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, and cationic metal clusters comprising nickel, molybdenum, cobalt or tungsten and then subjecting the resulting reaction products to drying in a gaseous medium, preferably spray drying. The resulting acidic delaminated clays, which contain the microporosity associated with zeolites and pollared clays and the macroporosity associated with amorphous aluminosilicates, may be used as the active component of cracking and hydroprocessing catalysts.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is provided featuring multiple risers in which a variety of hydrocarbon conversion reactions take place, a stripping unit in which entrained hydrocarbon material is removed from catalyst and a regeneration zone in which spent cracking catalyst is regenerated, which comprises:(a) converting a relatively high boiling hydrocarbon charge material in a first riser in the presence of a first catalyst component which is an amorphous cracking catalyst and/or a large pore crystalline zeolite cracking catalyst to provide lighter products;(b) converting an ethylene-rich charge material introduced to a second riser at a lower level thereof in the presence of a second catalyst component which is a shape selective medium pore crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst to provide heavier products and to increase the temperature of the catalyst in said region; and,(c) converting a naphtha charge material introduced to the second riser at a higher level thereof in the presence of said second catalyst c

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aromatic compounds which comprises contacting under conversion conditions a feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst in its acid form having a Constraint Index in the range of about 1 to 12 and prepared by crystallizing a composition comprising an aqueous suspension of a precipitated amorphous silica or aluminosilicate precursor composed of a preponderant number of particles having a particle size in the range of about 1 to 500 microns, said composition being free of any organic or inorganic directing agent and containing a dissolved alumina source if a precipitated amorphous silica is utilized or a precipitated amorphous aluminosilicate is utilized containing less than the desired amount of aluminum. The catalyst is advantageously subjected to a thermal or steam treatment, and/or is impregnated with gallium before being used in the conversion.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of a hydrocarbon feedstock which includesproviding a feedstock including C.sub.4 and higher hydrocarbons which include paraffins and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons;contacting the feedstock with a conventional naphtha reforming catalyst at an elevated temperature and at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of greater than approximately 5, when the cycloparaffin content is approximately 10% by weight or greater;and contacting the feedstock with a metal-containing ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst at an elevated temperature at approximately 0.5 to 2 LHSV when the initial cycloparaffin content is reduced to less than approximately 10% by weight, and solely with a metal-containing ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst at an elevated temperature at approximately 0.2 to 2 LHSV when the initial cycloparaffin content is less than approximately 10% by weight.

Abstract: Novel class of crystalline microporous metal aluminophosphate compositions containing as lattice constituents in addition to AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 structural units, one or a mixture of two or more of the metals Mg, Mn, Co and Zn in tetrahedral coordination with oxygen atoms. These compositions are prepared hydrothermally using organic templating agents and are suitably employed as catalysts or adsorbents.