Abstract: A catalytic reforming process is disclosed using a catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, low amounts of bismuth, and a zeolite L. The catalyst is a non-acidic, monofunctional reforming catalyst. Preferably, the catalyst contains one or more halogens. Preferably, the feed includes C.sub.8 hydrocarbons. The addition of small amounts of bismuth increase or substantially maintain catalyst stability. Unexpectedly low dealkylation rates are achieved using the catalyst while reforming to produce aromatics, especially to produce xylenes such as paraxylene.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite catalyst, which is first selectivated with a siliceous material and then treated with an aqueous solution comprising alkaline earth metal ions under ion exchange conditions.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for isomerizing olefins are disclosed. The process and catalyst are particularly useful for isomerizing alkenyl bridged ring compounds to the corresponding alkyladiene bridged ring compounds. In one embodiment, the isomerization catalyst comprises an oxygen treated mixture of an alkali metal on a dried support having a surface area of 125 to 195 m.sup.2 /g when the support consists essentially of alumina wherein the alumina precursor is a large crystallite pseudoboehmite. The catalyst is particularly useful for isomerizing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene to 5-ethylidiene-2-norbornene. The catalyst is very active and highly selective and resistant to catalyst poisons. The process contacts the catalyst with an alkenyl bridged ring compound and yields the corresponding alkyladiene bridged ring compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline to olefins and C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises an alumina and a silica wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.002:1 to about 0.25:1. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to an olefin and a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for the improvement of hydrocarbon fuels using a low temperature and pressure catalytic system is described. The reforming of these products occurs when the hydrocarbon fuel is passed over an alloy metal catalyst at low temperature (i.e., about -50.degree. F. to 250.degree. F.) and pressure (i.e., about 10 to 100 psia). The alloy metal catalyst is housed in a non-electrical conducting chamber and is operated with fluid Reynolds Numbers over the catalyst surface of about 2.times.10.sup.3 to 20.times.10.sup.4. The hydrocarbon fuel is recirculated over the alloy metal catalyst between 1 and approximately 100 times. This process results in reformed hydrocarbon fuels having superior performance qualities than the base hydrocarbon fuel. Vehicle road tests using such reformed fuels have shown substantial mileage improvements over the base fuels.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, a C.sub.9 +aromatic compound to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises an aluminosilicate, and a metal wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.002:1 to about 0.6:1. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The rate of coke formation during the aromatization of gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons in which the hydrocarbons are contacted with a zeolite catalyst is significantly reduced by providing a concentration of a silylating agent in the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, a process for using the catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons, especially naphtha and LPG feedstock, and a process for preparing the catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., alkylation, are disclosed and claimed which use as the catalyst novel fluoride containing substituted smectite clays. The clay has the formulaA.sub.x (M.sub.y M'.sub.4-y)(Si.sub.8-x M.sub.t M'.sub.v)O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4-u F.sub.uwhere A is a cation, M and M' are metals having a +3 oxidation state, each selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron and chromium, x is the moles of A, y is the moles of M, t and v are the moles of M and M' in the tetrahedral layer and t+v=x and u is the moles of F. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one-step process intended as an alternative to catalytic reforming which upgrades naphthas by simultaneously saturating aromatics, isomerizing paraffins and selectively cracking heavier hydrocarbons which comprises contacting heavy naphtha feedstock in a reforming zone with a catalyst comprising a solid acid, optionally with a binder of Group III and/or IV of the Periodic Table, having a metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table deposited thereon, wherein the reaction conditions are much milder than those typically used in catalytic reforming.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-44 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using a N,N-diethyl-cis-2,6-dimethyl piperidinium cation templating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbons with a catalyst in a reactor system of improved resistance to carburization and metal dusting under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising contacting the hydrocarbons with a catalyst in a reactor system of improved resistance to carburization and metal dusting under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: A class of highly stable supergallery pillared clay compositions that have a basal spacing up to 55 .ANG. corresponding a gallery height of 35 .ANG. for samples dried at room temperature and a basal spacing up to 45 .ANG. corresponding a gallery height of 255 .ANG. for samples steamed at 800.degree. C. for 17 hours. Said compositions are prepared by special procedures including pillaring reaction in presence of poly (vinyl alcohol) as a pillaring precursor, an aging process at pH of around 4 to 9, and a calcinating or steaming treatment at high temperature. The new compositions exhibit catalytic properties and adsorption properties superior to prior art pillared clays. Said compositions are useful as catalysts for carbonium-ion reaction, and as adsorbents and catalyst carriers. They are especially suitable for preparing microspheric cracking catalysts for heavy oil or residual feedstock.

Abstract: A supported Lewis acid catalyst system for catalyzing hydrocarbon conversion reactions including cationic polymerization, alkylation, isomerization and cracking reactions is disclosed, wherein the catalyst system comprises an inorganic oxide support having immobilized thereon at least one relatively strong Lewis acid and at least one relatively weak Lewis acid.

Abstract: An intermediate pore size molecular sieve supported catalyst includes a platinum group component and a gallium, zinc, indium, iron, tin or boron component. It is used for reforming and aromatization during which it produces a para-xylene enriched product. It comprises an intermediate pore size molecular sieve support, a platinum group component and a component selected from the group consisting of gallium, zinc, indium, iron, tin or boron. One form of the catalyst is first coked and is then contacted with hydrogen. The catalyst is useful in reforming and aromatizing operations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved isomerization process employing a catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises a pair of catalyst particles of different acidity utilized either as distinct beds of such discrete particles or as a mixture of such discrete particles. The isomerization process utilizing such a catalyst produces a product which exhibits higher VI as compared to products produced using either catalyst component separately or using a single catalyst having the average acidity of the two discrete catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates the use of a catalyst composition having the structure of ZSM-5 and a matrix material, which has been manufactured by a new and useful method, for organic compound, e.g., hydrocarbon compound, conversion. The organic compound conversion processes described include catalytic cracking, gasoline hydrofinishing, toluene disproportionation, xylene isomerization, and ethylbenzene production.

Abstract: A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining.

Abstract: A novel zeolite characterized by a large number of secondary pores, a substantially decreased Lattice Constant of below about 24.19 .ANG., and a substantially decreased Acid Site Density is attained by hydrothermal and acid-treating of an ultrastable Y-zeolite.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene to selectively produce para-diethylbenzene over a catalyst which has been selectivated by multiple treatments with a siliceous material.

Abstract: An isomerization process is provided which process utilizes a sulfated solid catalyst comprising (1) oxide or hydroxide of Group III or Group IV element, e.g. zirconium, and (2) a first metal comprising a metal or combination of metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel, platinum and rhenium, and platinum and tin. The sulfated support is calcined prior to incorporation of the first metal and subsequent to said incorporation. The catalyst may further comprise (3) a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII elements, e.g. iron. One embodiment of the invention further comprises (4) a third metal selected from the group consisting of Group V, VI and VII elements, e.g. manganese. Said second and third metals are added prior to the first calcination.

Abstract: A naphtha upgrading process is provided which process utilizes a sulfated solid catalyst comprising (1) oxide or hydroxide of Group III or Group IV element, e.g. zirconium, and (2) a first metal comprising a metal or combination of metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel, platinum and rhenium, and platinum and tin. The sulfated support is calcined prior to incorporation of the first metal and subsequent to said incorporation. The catalyst may further comprise (3) a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII elements, e.g. iron. One embodiment of the invention further comprises (4) a third metal selected from the group consisting of Group V, VI and VII elements, e.g. manganese. Said second and third metals are added prior to the first calcination.

Abstract: Potassium zeolites of type L in which the crystals are very flat cylinders of "hockeypuck" or "coin" shape may be prepared by adjusting the K.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio and including in the mixture from which the zeolite is crystallized a small amount of divalent cation such as magnesium or barium. The resulting zeolite has a short channel length and is particularly useful as a base for aromatization catalysis.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process using a novel silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves. These sieves are represented by the empirical formula:mR:(Si.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2where R represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; m is the molar amount of R per mole of (Si.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 and has a value from zero to about 0.3; x is the mole fraction of silicon and varies from about 0.01 to about 0.98, y is the mole fraction of aluminum and varies from about 0.01 to about 0.60, z is the mole fraction of phosphorus and varies from about 0.01 to about 0.52 and x+y+z=1. These sieves have the structure of SAPO-36 or SAPO-56.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are allowed to come into contact with reforming catalysts in which surfaces of inorganic substrates and/or metallic substrates are treated with silver-containing coating agents, whereby formation of polymers of hydrocarbons such as edible oils and engine oil can be inhibited under conditions under which thermal polymerization rapidly proceeds, resulting in prevention of an increase in kinematic viscosity of the hydrocarbons to substantially prevent fats and oils and petroleum products from deteriorating, and further coagulated molecules of gasoline, kerosine, oil fuel, jet fuel and crude oil can be subdivided, resulting in improved atomization and combustion efficiency.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: A continuous process for upgrading reformate feedstock or the like to reduce benzene content and increase octane fuel rating. The improved process comprises maintaining a fluidized bed of regenerable acid solid medium pore zeolite catalyst particles in a turbulent regime reaction zone, preferably maintained with a superficial gas velocity of 0.1 to 1 meter/sec. with reformate feedstock being introduced at a bottom portion of the reaction zone at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.1 to 5, based on active catalyst solids; reaction zone total pressure being less than 2000 kPa. The preferred catalyst particles have an average particle size of 20 to 100 microns (.mu.), with about 10 to 25% of the catalyst particles comprising fine particles having a particle size less than 30 microns; and the preferred zeolite catalyst comprises shape selective medium pore aluminosilicate zeolite having a constraint index of 1 to 12. The benzene is reacted by contacting reformate feedstock, such as C.sub.

Abstract: A crystalline low-aluminum boron beta zeolite is prepared using a diquaternary ion as a template.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-35 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using conformationally constrained aza-polycyclic ring system templating agents.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon which comprises treating the hydrocarbon, while at elevated temperature, with a transition metal catalyst while in the presence of an effective amount of gaseous oxygen to improve the selectivity of the catalyst to aromatic formation and reduce the hydrogenolysis activity of the catalyst. The transition metal may be tungsten, and the transition metal catalyst may be supported on an oxidic support, optionally with a ceramic passivation layer lying between the support and the transition metal catalyst. The amount of gaseous oxygen used may be from about 50 ppm to about 5000 ppm, based upon the weight of the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes using novel molecular sieve compositions as the catalyst. These molecular sieves contain chromium in the framework structure along with aluminum and silicon. The process of preparing the chromium-containing molecular sieves involves contacting a starting molecular sieve with a solution or slurry of a fluoro salt of chromium under effective process conditions to provide for aluminum extraction and substitution of chromium.

Abstract: The use of high silica to alumina ratio large pore zeolites, in combination with a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, to convert Fischer-Tropsch heavy end products which may contain paraffins, olefins and oxygenates into low pour point distillates with high cetane number and extra high VI lube is described. The lube can be dewaxed by a conventional solvent process, by a catalytic process, or by increasing the severity of the hydroisomerization step.

Abstract: Catalytic reforming of a naphtha feed with large-pore zeolites containing Group VIII metals and Group IA or Group IIA metal cations.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel zeolitic compositions having zinc as well as aluminum and silicon in the framework tetrahedral positions. The composition has a structure similar to type-L aluminosilicate zeolites. The invention also involves a process of preparation in which one or more divalent transition metals is directly synthesized into the product metalo-aluminosilicate.

Abstract: Catalytic dewaxing of distillate feedstock is carried out concurrently with upgrading of olefins by oligomerization to produce fuel products.

Abstract: A crystalline silicate catalyst having deposited coke thereon is regenerated by being contacted with an oxygen-containing gas having a moisture content of 0.2% by volume or less at a temperature of 400.degree.-600.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lubricants having a high viscosity index (V.I.) and low pour point are produced by hydroisomerizing, over zeolite beta, a waxy lube feed such as a waxy vacuum gas oil whose aromatic components are removed by extraction, e.g. with furfural. The zeolite beta catalyst comprises noble metal, e.g., Pt, and a low acidity zeolite beta, e.g., framework boron-containing zeolite beta.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new zeolite from the class of mazzite, containing a fraction of non-exchangeable potassium cations, and also to a process for its synthesis. The crystallinity and the adsorption capacity of the protonated form of this zeolite are maintained after a prolonged hydrothermal treatment.

Abstract: Novel catalyst composite material is disclosed which comprises in combination a crystalline metallosilicate zeolite in terms of mole ratios having the general formula:O-below 0.4X:M.sub.2 O.sub.3 :30-300SiO.sub.2 :10H.sub.2 Owherein M is iron, lanthanum or mixtures thereof and X is selected from the oxides of sodium, hydrogen, platinum, iridium, rhenium and mixtures thereof, alumina and a chlorine component. This catalyst has a long and stable activity and no loss of components is encountered during the reforming of pyrolysis naptha and more importantly it is observed that the pyrolysis naptha does not have to be hydrogenated prior to contacting it with the catalyst. Reforming of pyrolysis naptha to a liquid fraction containing more than 99% of aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved.

Abstract: Paraffins, especially paraffins in the C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 range, are isomerized to iso-paraffins over an isomerization catalyst comprising a noble metal such as platinum on a support material comprising an inorganic, non-layered, porous, crystalline phase aluminosilicate material with pores of at least 13 .ANG. and which exhibits, after calcination, an X-ray diffraction pattern with at least one peak at a d-spacing greater than 18 .ANG.. These materials have a high surface area and sorption capacity marked by a benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene per 100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C. In its preferred form, the support material has a uniform, hexagonal arrangement of pores with diameters of at least about 13 .ANG. and a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 .ANG. which corresponds to at least one peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A process for upgrading gasolines and other hydrocarbon mixtures. The hydrocarbon mixture is contacted with a large pore zeolite catalyst in order to crack n-paraffins to form olefins and lower molecular weight n-paraffins, to cause the olefins to react with benzene in order to form alkylbenzenes, and to catalyze the isomerization of the n-paraffins to form i-paraffins. Preferably, all of the above reactions occur in a single reactant mixture in the presence of a zeolite catalyst having ten and/or twelve membered ring-type structures. The process of the invention reduces the benzene quantity of the hydrocarbon mixture and increases its octane number.

Abstract: There is provided a crystalline oxide material with a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern. This material may be a layered material, which is swollen or pillared. Upon calcination of the swollen material, the layers collapse and condense upon one another in a somewhat disordered fashion to form a non-swellable material. However, the swollen layered material may be intercalated with polymeric oxide pillars to maintain layer separation, even after calcination.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new synthetic porous crystalline material, a method for its preparation and use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new crystalline material exhibits a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a molar ratio of silica to alumina of at least 5:1, the aluminosilicate carrying gallium and copper, is useful in the conversion at elevated temperature of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon feedstock into aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing a light paraffinic naphtha feedstock having a boiling range from about 50.degree. F. to about 210.degree. F. and containing at least 85 weight percent aliphatic hydrocarbon having 6 carbon atoms or less. The process comprises contacting the feedstock at isomerization conditions with an isomerization catalyst comprising a zeolite beta component.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion reactions are carried out over a catalyst composition containing forms of zeolite Omega synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization from reaction systems containing alkali metal cations and organic templating agents which have been modified by calcination in air, ion-exchange, steam calcination and treatment with a low-pH aqueous ammonium ion solution.

Abstract: A process for the production of gasoline from a light hydrocarbon feed. The feed is catalytically aromatized to produce an effluent containing aromatics and olefins with the aromatics and olefins being subjected to alkylation to produce a gasoline product with a higher octane rating.

Abstract: Supports for catalytic reforming catalysts are prepared by doping ZrO.sub.2 with tantalum. The catalyst may contain a Group VII or Group VIII metal and/or an acidic component.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a synthetic crystalline zeolite of the mordenite type characterized by:a) the following approximate general formula:Na.sub.2 O, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, xSiO.sub.2where x is a number ranging from 9 to 30, andb) an X-ray diffraction diagram represented in table I of the description,c) a fluorine content ranging from about 0.005 to 2.0% by weight,and in that it has been synthetized in a fluoride medium.The invention also relates to a process for preparing said zeolite.This zeolite can notably be utilized in adsorption and in catalysis.