Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. One or more properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed. The one or more catalysts may include at least one catalyst having a median pore diameter of at least 230 ?. Methods for producing the catalyst having the median pore size diameter are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstreams by hydroprocessing using bulk bimetallic catalysts. More particularly, the invention relates to a catalytic hydrotreating process for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed such as a fuel or a lubricating oil feed. The catalyst is a bulk catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for diesel formation are described herein. The diesel hydrotreating systems generally include a hydrodesulfurization unit having a catalyst system disposed therein and adapted to contact an input stream with the catalyst system therein to form diesel. The catalyst system generally includes a plurality of catalysts including a first catalyst including a hydrodesulfurization catalyst having a first pore diameter and a second catalyst having a second pore diameter, wherein the second pore diameter is larger than the first pore diameter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for hydrodesulphurizing a gasoline containing less than 0.1% by weight of sulphur derived from a catalytic cracking unit or other conversion units, said process comprising at least one hydrodesulphurization reactor using a bimetallic catalyst operating at a HSV in the range 0.1 h?1 to 20 h?1, a temperature in the range 220° C. to 350° C. and a pressure in the range 0.1 MPa to 5 MPa, and comprising recycling a fraction of the desulphurized gasoline to the inlet to the hydrodesulphurization reactor with a recycle ratio in the range 0.1 to 3 times the flow rate of the gasoline to be desulphurized.

Abstract: A process for upgrading heavy oil by mixing the heavy oil with water fluid using an ultrasonic wave generator prior to increasing the temperature and pressure of the mixture to values near to or exceeding the critical point of water, to produce low pour point, high value oil having low sulfur, low nitrogen, and low metallic impurities for use as hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: Stable catalyst carrier impregnating solutions can be prepared using a component of a Group VIB metal, e.g., molybdenum, at high concentration, a component of a Group VIII metal, e.g., nickel, at low concentration, and a phosphorous component, e.g., phosphoric acid, at low concentration, provided that the Group VIII metal is in a substantially water-insoluble form and a particular sequence of addition of the components is followed, even when a substantially water-insoluble form of the Group VIB component is used. The resulting stabilized impregnating solution can be supplemented with additional Group VIII metal in water-soluble form to achieve increased levels of such metal in the final catalyst. Furthermore, uncalcined catalyst carriers impregnated with the stable solution and subsequently shaped, dried and calcined, have unexpectedly improved performance when used in the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A method for hydrodesulfurization by forming a dispersion comprising hydrogen-containing gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than 1 micron dispersed in a liquid phase comprising sulfur-containing compounds. Desulfurizing a liquid stream comprising sulfur-containing compounds by subjecting a fluid mixture comprising hydrogen-containing gas and the liquid to a shear rate greater than 20,000 s?1 to produce a dispersion of hydrogen in a continuous phase of the liquid and introducing the dispersion into a fixed bed hydrodesulfurization reactor from which a reactor product is removed. Systems of apparatus for hydrodesulfurization are also presented.

Abstract: Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes are described, in which hydroprocessed hydrocarbon streams or other hydrocarbon feed streams having a low coking tendency are subjected to direct heat exchange with the FCC reactor effluent, for example in the FCC main column. The processes operate with sufficient severity such that little or no net FCC main column bottoms liquid (e.g., with a 343° C. (650° F.) distillation cut point) is generated. Regeneration temperatures with the representative low coking tendency feeds are beneficially increased by using an oxygen-enriched regeneration gas stream.

Abstract: The invention concerns a fixed bed process for capturing arsenic and for desulphurizing a hydrocarbon fraction comprising olefins, sulphur and arsenic, said process comprising a step a) for bringing a capture mass into contact with said hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of hydrogen, the ratio between the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of the hydrocarbon fraction being in the range 50 to 800 Nm3/m3, the operating temperature being in the range 200° C. to 400° C., the operating pressure being in the range 0.2 to 5 MPa. The capture mass comprises molybdenum in a sulphurized form, nickel in a sulphurized form and at least one porous support selected from the group constituted by aluminas, silica, silica-aluminas, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide. The nickel content is in the range 10% to 28% by weight and the molybdenum content is in the range 0.3% to 2.1% by weight.

Abstract: A reaction inhibitor can be used to reduce catalyst activity at the beginning of a naphtha selective hydrodesulfurization process. The use of the reaction inhibitor can allow greater flexibility in selecting the reaction conditions to accommodate both the start and end of the hydrodesulfurization process. The reaction inhibitor can be removed during the hydrodesulfurization process, possibly in conjunction with modification of the reaction temperature, in order to maintain a substantially constant amount of sulfur in the naphtha product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams utilizing a multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbon complex containing an alkali metal ion. Preferably, the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream is comprised of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as a low API gravity, high viscosity crude, tar sands bitumen, an oil derived from shale, or heavy refinery intermediate stocks such as atmospheric resids or vacuum resids which are typically difficult to desulfurize and contain relatively high amounts of sulfur. However, intermediate refinery streams and refinery product streams may also be treated by the process of the current invention to achieve very low sulfur concentrations to meet environmental specification for fuels sulfur content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel catalytic composition having a high specific activity in reactions involving hydroprocessing of light and intermediate petroleum fractions, and preferably in hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. The inventive catalyst contains at least one element of a non-noble metal from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB and, optionally, a group one element of the VA group, which are deposited on a novel catalytic support comprising of an inorganic metal oxide from group IVB, consisting of an (1D) one-dimensional nanostructured material having nanofibers and/or nanotube morphology with high specific surface area of between 10 and 500 m2/g.

Abstract: A process for selective hydrogenation of C3/C4/C5/C6/C7 and LCN, hydro-isomerization of olefins, benzene saturation and hydrodesulfurization of Gasoline, Kerosene and Diesel together with aromatic saturation of LCO is being provided so as to provide optimum technology at low cost with unique configuration. The technology is user friendly and uses conventional catalyst. These configurations cover both the options of installing the bulk catalyst in the distillation column with chimneys trays, hence essentially all the reaction takes place in the liquid phase in single or multiple beds or with fixed bed down flow or up flow reactor configuration. The configurations shown in the figures depicts that the fixed bed reactors are integrated with the Distillation Column and this art helps in lowering the Capital costs and the reactors are operating in single phase or two-phase conditions.

Abstract: The distillate catalytic hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels wherein the optimum hydrogen treat gas rate to maximize desulfurization is determined and introduced into the reaction zone to maintain a controlled amount of hydrogen at the surface of the catalyst during hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: Processing schemes and arrangements for application of a dividing wall separation column in the processing of an effluent resulting from FCC processing modified for increased light olefin production. The dividing wall separation column desirably splits a naphtha feedstock produced or resulting from such modified FCC processing to produce or form a light fraction containing C5-C6 compounds, an intermediate fraction containing C7-C8 compounds and a heavy fraction containing C9+ compounds.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing a super-low sulfur gas oil blending component or a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm, under relatively mild conditions, without greatly increasing the hydrogen consumption and without remarkably decreasing the aromatic content; and a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm which exhibits a high heating value, is excellent in fuel economy and output power, and is free from an adverse effect on a sealing rubber member or the like used in the fuel injection system and thus does not cause the leakage of a fuel. A method for producing a super-low sulfur gas oil blending component or a super-low sulfur gas oil composition having a sulfur content of less than 5 mass ppm is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization of a fluid catalytically cracked naphtha wherein the valuable olefins are retained and recombinant mercaptans are prevented from forming, resulting in a low sulfur naphtha. Embodiments disclosed herein may allow for more flexibility in varying the end point of the naphtha used in gasoline blending.

Abstract: Methods and systems for contacting of a crude feed with one or more catalysts to produce a total product that includes a crude product are described. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The crude product has an MCR content of at most 90% of the MCR content of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce an ultra low sulfur diesel with less than about 10 ppm sulfur using a two-phase or liquid-phase continuous reaction zone to convert a diesel boiling range distillate preferably obtained from a mild hydrocracking unit. In one aspect, the diesel boiling range distillate is introduced once-through to the liquid-phase continuous reaction zone over-saturated with hydrogen in an amount effective so that the liquid phase remains substantially saturated with hydrogen throughout the reaction zone as the reactions proceed.

Abstract: A low hydrogen partial pressure process for desulfurizing naphtha in the presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst which catalyst is selective for suppressing hydrogenation of olefins and in the presence. This invention also relates to the use of optimum metals loading for achieving a high level of hydrodesulfurization with a low level of olefin saturation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of syngas from two sources with different hydrogen: carbon ratios, the first source having a low hydrogen:carbon ratio including any one or a combination of coal, brown coal, peat, bitumen and tar sands, and the second source having a high hydrogen:carbon ratio including any one or a combination of natural gas, associated gas and coal bed methane. The sources are converted to syngas and then combined to provide syngas with an optimum hydrogen:carbon monoxide ratio for use in a Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: A method and a product made by treating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed, e.g., heavy crude asphaltene reduction is disclosed herein. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed with a hydrogen donor solvent and an acidified silica to form a mixture and oxidizing the sulfur in the mixture at a temperature between 50° C. and 210° C., wherein the oxidation lowers the amount sulfur in the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon heavy feed by at least 90%.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process wherein a liquid phase stream comprising a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and a liquid phase effluent from a hydrocracking zone and a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system into a hydrotreating zone. A portion of the effluent from the hydrotreating zone comprising unconverted hydrocarbons is introduced into the hydrocracking zone with a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrofinishing, amine production or a combination thereof. The method comprises forming a dispersion comprising hydrogen-containing gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid feedstock, wherein the bubbles have a mean diameter of less than about 5 ?m and wherein the feedstock comprises a mixture of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons and a naturally derived renewable oil. The feedstock comprises hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of liquid natural gas, crude oil, crude oil fractions, gasoline, diesel, naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel, fuel oils, and combinations thereof. The method further comprises contacting the dispersion with a catalyst that is active for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrofinishing, amine production, or a combination thereof. The catalyst comprises homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts. The catalyst may be utilized in fixed-bed or slurry applications.

Abstract: A process for the production of low sulfur diesel and high octane naphtha. Separate high pressure vapor liquid separators serve to maintain and isolate the high octane naphtha produced in the hydrocracking zone thereby maximizing the value of the hydrocarbon streams produced.

Abstract: A process to efficiently remove sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream in a refinery operation includes the production and recycle of hydrogen from the sulfur compounds. The sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon cut are converted to hydrogen sulphide which is split to hydrogen and sulfur in a non-thermal plasma reactor.

Abstract: A desulfurizing agent is produced by mixing a copper compound, a zinc compound and an ammonium compound with an aqueous solution of an alkali substance to prepare or precipitate followed by calcitrating the resulting precipitate to form a calcined precipitate into a shape form of a copper oxide-zinc oxide-aluminum oxide mixture. The shaped form is impregnated with iron or nickel and calcined to produce a calcined oxide and reduced with hydrogen to form a sulfur-absorption desulfurizing agent.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude feed may include at least 0.1 grams of vacuum gas oil per gram of crude feed. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The crude product may have a vacuum gas oil content of about 30% to about 70% of the vacuum gas oil content of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: A process for producing gasoline having reduced sulfur content while maintaining or improving octane rating is provided. A gasoline fraction having a substantial amount of olefinic and sulfur compounds produced from fluidized catalytic cracking or coking is contacted first with an adsorbent to selectively remove alkylated thiophenic, benzothiophene, and alkylated benzothiophenic sulfur compounds. The adsorptively treated gasoline fraction is then introduced into a conventional hydrodesulphurizing catalyst bed with hydrogen for further removal of sulfur compounds. Adsorbent containing alkylated thiophenic, benzothiophene, and alkylated benzothiophenic compounds are regenerated through washing with a hydrocarbon solvent and subsequent drying-out by warming.

Abstract: A diesel desulfurization method has various steps including: implementing a modified oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process. The UAOD has the steps of: mixing diesel fuel with room temperature ionic liquid, oxidant, phase transfer catalyst, and acid catalyst in a tank in a mix; recycling the ionic liquid and recycling the acid catalyst in aqueous phase. A step is to move the sulfur from the diesel fuel in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) having bed reactor material. The process can be improved with ultrasound during mixing, or a high shear mixer. The bed reactor is preferably acidic alumina for adsorbing oxidized sulfur. The oxidant is preferably hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The acid catalyst is preferably a mixture of Acetic acid and Tri-fluoro acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic composition which comprises a beta zeolite, a metal of group VIII, a metal of group VI B and optionally one or more oxides as carrier. The catalytic system of the present invention can be used for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon mixtures and more specifically in the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures having boiling ranges within the range of 35° to 250° C., containing sulfur impurities, i.e. in hydrodesulfuration with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization and a reduced hydrogenation degree of olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixtures, the whole process being carried out in a single step.

Abstract: A process for jointly carrying out selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated compounds into monounsaturated compounds contained in gasolines, and for transforming light sulphur-containing compounds into heavier compounds by reaction with unsaturated compounds, said process employing a supported catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIB and at least one non-noble metal from group VIII used in the sulphurized form, deposited on a specific support comprising a metal aluminate of the MAl2O4 type with a metal M selected from the group constituted by nickel and cobalt, and comprising bringing the feed into contact with the catalyst at a temperature in the range of 80° C. to 220° C. at a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of 1 h?1 to 10 h?1 and at a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 5 MPa.

Abstract: A process for jointly carrying out selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated compounds into monounsaturated compounds contained in gasolines, and for transforming light sulphur-containing compounds into heavier compounds by reaction with unsaturated compounds employing a supported catalyst, comprising at least one metal from group VIB and at least one non-noble metal from group VIII used in the sulphurized form deposited on a support and having a controlled porosity, and comprising bringing the feed into contact with the catalyst at a temperature in the range of 80° C. to 220° C. at a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of 1 h?1 to 10 h?1 and at a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 5 MPa.

Abstract: A new residuum full hydroconversion slurry reactor system has been developed that allows the catalyst, unconverted oil and converted oil to circulate in a continuous mixture throughout an entire reactor with no confinement of the mixture. The mixture is partially separated in between the reactors to remove only the converted oil while permitting the unconverted oil and the slurry catalyst to continue on into the next sequential reactor where a portion of the unconverted oil is converted to lower boiling point hydrocarbons, once again creating a mixture of unconverted oil, converted oil, and slurry catalyst. Further hydroprocessing may occur in additional reactors, fully converting the oil. The oil may alternately be partially converted, leaving a highly concentrated catalyst in unconverted oil which can be recycled directly to the first reactor. Fully converted oil is subsequently hydrofinished for the nearly complete removal of hetoroatoms such as sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: The use of one or more alkali metals, preferably sodium, to remove sulfur from hydrocarbon streams containing up to about 100 wppm sulfur. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a reactor where it is contacted with one or more alkali metals. The treated hydrocarbon stream is then subjected to a water wash thereby resulting in an aqueous phase fraction and a hydrocarbon phase fraction. The aqueous phase fraction, which is separated from the hydrocarbon phase fraction contains water-soluble sodium moieties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrotreatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising the step of carrying out in situ or ex situ sulfurization of a catalyst and hydrotreating the hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of the catalyst wherein at least one sulfur compound may be present in the feedstock; and a process for the purification of a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising hydrotreating the hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalyst after sulfurization of the catalyst and oxidizing desulfurization of the hydrotreated feedstock; wherein the catalyst comprises a refractory oxide support, at least one metal of the Group VIII and at least one metal of the Group VI, both in an oxidized form, and at least one sulphone or sulphoxide compound derived from a benzothiophene compound.

Abstract: High rate gas stripping for removal of sulfur-containing components such as mercaptans from crude oil may be conducted by feeding sweet gas to the bottom of a tower containing pre-heated mercaptan-containing crude oil feed. The gas bubbles up through the crude becoming enriched with H2S, mercaptans, CO2 and/or hydrocarbons. The rich gas exits the tower, and is treated to produce a sweetened gas, a portion of which is recycled to the tower, and an acid gas. The remainder of the sweetened and/or the acid gas may be used as a fuel or processed to recover a portion of any hydrocarbons that may have been stripped out of the crude oil with the mercaptans, sulfur-containing components, CO2, used for enhanced oil recovery or disposed.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed includes a cell having two compartments and a membrane separating the compartments, wherein one compartment is communicated with a hydrogen source and the other compartment is communicated with the hydrocarbon feed to be treated, wherein the membrane comprises a palladium membrane which is modified to have an additional amount of a mix of palladium and other metals (Ni, Ag, Co and Au) between about 4.62*10?3 and 1.62*10?2 g/cm2; and a power source connected across the hydrogen source compartment to generate a current across same, whereby atomic hydrogen is formed from the hydrogen source at a surface of the membrane and diffuses across the membrane to react with the hydrocarbon feed. A process using this apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts for the production of gasolines with a low sulphur and mercaptans content. Said process comprises at least two hydrodesulphurization steps, HDS1 and HDS2, operated in parallel on two distinct cuts of the gasoline constituting the feed. The flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS2 is such that the ratio between the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of feed to be treated is less than 80% of the ratio of the flow rates used to desulphurize in the hydrodesulphurization step HDS1.

Abstract: Two-stage low pressure catalytic hydrotreatment of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons having a high content of contaminants (metals and asphaltenes), is conducted under operating conditions with low-pressure, in a fixed bed or ebullated bed reactor to limit the formation of sediments and sludge in the product and obtain a hydrotreated hydrocarbon of improved properties, with levels of contaminants, API gravity and distillates within the ranges commonly reported in the feedstocks typical to refining schemes. A hydrotreatment catalyst, whose principal effect is the hydrodemetallization and the hydrocracking of asphaltenes of the heavy hydrocarbons of petroleum is used in the first stage, and the second reaction stage employs a hydrotreatment catalyst for a deeper effect of hydrodesulfurization of the heavy petroleum hydrocarbon whose content of total sulfur is reduced to a level required for its treatment in the conventional refining process or for its sale as a hydrocarbon of petroleum with improved properties.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur from a fuel supply stream for a fuel cell (1), which method comprises: (a) hydrogenating the fuel supply stream (1) by contacting it with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to convert sulfur-containing compounds in the fuel supply stream (1) into hydrogen sulfide; (b) removing the hydrogen sulfide to produce a desulfurised fuel stream; and (c) pre-reforming the desulfurised fuel stream to produce a fuel cell feed stream, wherein a portion of the fuel cell feed stream is processed to increase its hydrogen content to produce a hydrogen-enriched fuel stream which is used in step (a) as a source of hydrogen to hydrogenate the fuel supply stream (1).

Abstract: Process to prepare a base oil having a viscosity index of between 80 and 140 starting from a distillate or a de-asphalted oil by (a) contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulphided hydrodesulphurization catalyst comprising nickel and tungsten on an acid amorphous silica-alumina carrier and (b) performing a pour point reducing step on the effluent of step (a) to obtain the base oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst and method for hydrodesulfurizing naphtha. More particularly, a Co/Mo metal hydrogenation component is loaded on a high temperature alumina support in the presence of a dispersion aid to produce a catalyst that is then used for hydrodesulrurizing naphtha. The high temperature alumina support has a defined surface area that minimizes olefin saturation.

Abstract: A process for the recovery and purification of a contaminated hydrocarbons, wherein the contamination includes metals, finely divided solids and non-distillable components. The process further includes hydroprocessing the oil to remove deleterious compounds, to produce high quality reusable lubricants, solvents and fuels and to improve the quality of water byproduct.

Abstract: Oil soluble catalysts are used in a process to hydrodesulfurize petroleum feedstock having a high concentration of sulfur-containing compounds and convert the feedstock to a higher value product. The catalyst complex includes at least one attractor species and at least one catalytic metal that are bonded to a plurality of organic ligands that make the catalyst complex oil-soluble. The attractor species selectively attracts the catalyst to sulfur sites in sulfur-containing compounds in the feedstock where the catalytic metal can catalyze the removal of sulfur. Because the attractor species selectively attracts the catalysts to sulfur sites, non-productive, hydrogen consuming side reactions are reduced and greater rates of hydrodesulfurization are achieved while consuming less hydrogen per unit sulfur removed.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce high cetane quality and low or preferably ultra low sulfur diesel and a fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) quality feedstock from a processing unit including at least a hydrotreating zone and a hydrocracking zone. In one aspect, the processing unit includes reactor severity requirements in both the hydrotreating zone and the hydrocracking zone effective to produce the FCC feed quality and the diesel sulfur quality to permit a high quality hydrocracked product to be formed at lower pressures and conversion rates without overtreating the FCC quality feedstock stream. In another aspect, a portion of the hydrotreated effluent is selected for conversion in the hydrocracking and the remaining portion of the hydrotreated effluent is directed to subsequent processing, such as fluid catalytic cracking.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a first solvent, combining the sodium/first solvent solution with a sulfur-free alkane or cycloalkane second solvent, vaporizing the first solvent from sodium/first solvent/second solvent combination to transfer the dissolved metallic sodium into the second solvent, and then combine the resultant liquid with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The resulting stream is combined with a hydrogen donor. The combination is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. The liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted.

Abstract: Contact of a crude feed with one or more catalysts produces a total product that includes a crude product. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The one or more catalyst may include an uncalcined catalyst. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: A reactor vessel system includes a reactor vessel including a first port in fluid communication with an interior of the reactor vessel and an outlet port connected in fluid communication with the interior of the reactor vessel. A base supports the reactor vessel. A first coil of tubing is connected in fluid communication with the first port and disposed around a perimeter of the reactor vessel. A method of operating a reactor vessel system includes providing a reactor vessel including a first port in fluid communication with an interior of the reactor vessel and an outlet port connected in fluid communication with the interior of the reactor vessel, providing a first coil of tubing connected in fluid communication with the first port and disposed around a perimeter of the reactor vessel, and flowing steam through the first coil and into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur compounds from heavy boiling range naphtha in a dual purpose reactor wherein the heavy boiling range naphtha is fed downflow over a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization zone and then treated with hydrogen in a hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation zone. Vapor containing hydrogen sulfide is removed between the zones. Preferably the heavy boiling range naphtha is produced by treating a full boiling range naphtha to concurrently react diolefins and mercaptans and split the light and heavy boiling range naphtha in a distillation column reactor.