Abstract: A process for improving the storage stability of hydrocracked neutral oil lubricating oil stocks comprising a dewaxing step utilizing a high silica zeolite catalyst to produce a dewaxer effluent and two stabilizing steps utilizing hydrofinishing and nonhydrogenative stabilization by an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the thermal cracking of heavy oil containing nonvaporizable, high-molecular weight hydrocarbone in the presence of steam in one or more thermal cracking tubes or ducts, which process is characterized in that a fluid comprising steam and heavy oil is flowed through a thermal cracking tube such that thermal cracking is carried out under the following conditions:(a) temperature of the fluid in the thermal cracking tube: 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C.(b) pressure of the fluid in the thermal cracking tube: 0 to 50 kg/cm.sup.2 G(c) flow rate or velocity of fluid through the thermal cracking tube: 10 to 100 m/sec, and(d) residence time of the fluid in the thermal cracking tube: at least 0.2 seconds.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of residual asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous charge stock to selectively produce large quantities of high quality middle distillate while minimizing hydrogen consumption.

Abstract: A continuous process of producing carbonaceous pitch, including heat-treating an aromatic heavy oil for obtaining a first cracked product, and thermally cracking the first product in a cracking zone by direct contact with a gaseous heat transfer medium to obtain distillable cracked components and a mesophase-containing pitch. A first portion of the liquid phase in the cracking zone, including the mesophase-containing pitch, is separated into a mesophase-rich pitch and a matrix pitch having a low concentration of mesophase. The mesophase-rich pitch is recovered while at least a portion of the matrix pitch is recycled to the cracking zone. The distillable cracked components are withdrawn from the cracking zone and separated into light, middle and heavy fractions. At least a portion of the heavy fraction is heat treated and is recycled to the cracking zone.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of carbonaceous pitch, including heat-treating an aromatic heavy oil in a first thermal cracking zone for obtaining a first cracked product, and introducing the first cracked product into a second thermal cracking zone where it is thermally cracked by direct contact with a gaseous heat transfer medium to form distillable cracked components and a mesophase-containing pitch. The liquid phase in the second thermal cracking zone, including the mesophase-containing pitch, is discharged therefrom and separated into a mesophase-rich pitch and a matrix pitch having a low concentration of mesophase. The mesophase-rich pitch is recovered while at least a portion of the matrix pitch is recycled to the second thermal cracking zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process wherein metal-coated or metal-contaminated cracking catalyst is regenerated, reduced and then used to hydrogenate an olefin.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a pitch spinnable into pitch filaments as a precursor of carbon fibers starting from a pitch material such as coal tar and coal tar pitch. Different from the conventional procedure involving hydrogenation of the starting pitch, the starting pitch in the inventive method is first heated together with an aromatic oil, preferably, in the presence of a cracking catalyst such as silica-alumina and zeolite at 350.degree. to 500.degree. C. for 10 to 60 minutes under no pressurization with hydrogen and, after removal of insoluble materials, then heated at a temperature of 430.degree. to 600.degree. C. The thus obtained pitch for spinning has good spinnability and the carbon fibers prepared from the pitch have a unique microscopic structure and excellent physical properties exceeding by far the conventional pitch-based carbon fibers and approximating the HP-grade carbon fibers prepared from polyacrylonitrile fibers.

Abstract: A continuous process for thermally cracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil, including heat-treating the heavy hydrocarbon oil in a first thermal cracking zone for obtaining a first cracked product, and introducing the first cracked product into a second thermal cracking zone where it is thermally cracked by direct contact with a gaseous heat transfer medium to form distillable cracked components and a mesophase-containing pitch. The liquid phase in the second thermal cracking zone, including the mesophase-containing pitch, is withdrawn therefrom and separated into a mesophase-rich pitch and a matrix pitch having a low concentration of mesophase. The matrix pitch is recycled to the second thermal cracking zone. The distillable cracked components are stripped from the liquid phase in the second thermal cracking zone with the heat transfer medium, and the resulting gas phase is discharged overhead therefrom and then separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil is cracked by hydrogen donor diluent cracking, and pitch from the donor cracking step is recycled. The pitch is catalytically hydrotreated before it is recycled. Hydrotreating the pitch enables complete conversion of the 950.degree. F.+ fraction of heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil to 950.degree. F.- distillate.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon feed stock is, after being heat-treated in a first cracking zone, is introduced into a second thermal cracking zone for obtaining a thermally cracked product and a pitch product. The second cracking zone has a plurality of cracking reactors which are connected in series, through which is successively passed the treated feed stock and to each of which is supplied a gaseous heat transfer medium to maintain the liquid phase therein at a temperature sufficient for effecting the thermal cracking and to strip the resulting distillable, cracked components from the liquid phase. The thermal cracking temperature in one reactor is so controlled as to become higher than that in its adjacent upstream-side reactor. The distillable, cracked components in respective reactors are removed overhead therefrom and separated into a heavy fraction and a light fraction, while the liquid phase in the downstream-end reactor is discharged therefrom for recovery as the pitch product.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon feed stock is, after being heat-treated in a first cracking zone, introduced into a second thermal cracking zone for obtaining a thermally cracked product and a pitch product. The second cracking zone has a plurality of cracking reactors which are connected in series, through which is successively passed the treated feed stock and to each of which is supplied a gaseous heat transfer medium to maintain the liquid phase therein at a temperature sufficient for effecting the thermal cracking and to strip the resulting distillable, cracked components from the liquid phase. The thermal cracking temperature in one reactor is so controlled as to become higher than that in its adjacent upstream-side reactor. The distillable, cracked components in respective reactors are removed overhead therefrom and separated into a heavy fraction and a light fraction, while the liquid phase in the downstream-end reactor is discharged therefrom for recovery as the pitch product.

Abstract: A hydrogen donor diluent cracking process in which the pitch fraction from the cracking step is heat soaked in the presence of hydrogen donor solvent and then returned to the cracking coil.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid fuels and for recovering metal values from crude petroleum by vis-breaking the reduced crude petroleum and dealkylating the vis-broken, reduced crude by treatment with an aromatic compound and an acidic transalkylation catalyst. The liquid product from the dealkylation step is separated and the residue fraction thermally processed with coal to solubilize the coal in the aromatic residue and demetallate the residue with the coal. The coal is partly liquified in this step and the liquefaction products, together with liquids derived from the petroleum, may be hydrotreated prior to further processing e.g., in an FCC unit. The solid residue from this step may be treated to recover the metal values, especially nickel and vanadium.

Abstract: A two-step process for dewaxing and stabilizing hydrocracked lubricating oil stocks is disclosed. High-silica zeolite produces catalytic dewaxer effluent containing lower olefins for favorable stabilizing (alkylation) reactions by contact with acidic catalyst substantially free of hydrogenation activity.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point range beginning above 200.degree. C. and obtained in the cracking of hydrocarbons, in which the polymeric component resulting from the cracking pyrolysis is removed and the remaining polymer-free hydrocarbon is subjected to hydrogenation under such reaction conditions that the product is high in monoaromatic components while the polyaromatics are removed therefrom.

Abstract: Ethylene and maximum benzene are co-produced via a combination process involving (1) thermal cracking, or pyrolysis, (2) aromatic hydrocarbon separation, or extraction, and, (3) dealkylation of alkyl-substituted aromatics to yield additional benzene. Unconverted feed paraffins are recycled to thermal cracking for additional ethylene and benzene production.

Abstract: A mild thermal cracking of gas oil in the presence of added olefinic naphtha increases the yield of middle distillate.

Abstract: Ethylene and maximum benzene are co-produced via a combination process involving (1) thermal cracking, or pyrolysis, (2) aromatic hydrocarbon separation, or extraction, and, (3) dealkylation of alkyl-substituted aromatics to yield additional benzene. Unconverted feed paraffins are recycled to thermal cracking for additional ethylene and benzene production.

Abstract: Low pour, low sulfur fuel oils are prepared by thermally cracking a high sulfur, high pour point atmospheric residuum and blending the product with a high wax, low sulfur, high pour point atmospheric residuum. The pour point may be lowered further by the addition of a pour point depressant.

Abstract: Ethane is converted to LPG and gasoline and/or aromatics concentrate in a combination process which comprises directly passing olefin effluent from the thermal cracking of ethane over a special crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-5 type and recovering aromatics and C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons. For best yields, the thermal cracking step is conducted under more severe conditions than are used when ethylene production is optimized. The second, olefin conversion step is carried out at either the same pressure as the cracking step or higher. The process is of particular interest where low cost ethane is available.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of normally gaseous olefins, starting from a petroleum residue.

Abstract: A combination operation is described comprising gas oil cracking in the presence of a large and smaller pore size crystalline zeolite dual component cracking catalyst in which combination C.sub.6 minus products are separated and catalytically upgraded under selected conditions providing cyclization and/or carbon chain growth as by oligmerization and polymerization. Conversion of C.sub.6 and lower boiling hydrocarbons is particularly accomplished with the smaller pore crystalline zeolite of the dual component catalyst.

Abstract: A binder suitable for use in electrodes is prepared by distilling a residue boiling above 200.degree. C from steam cracking to give a material with a KS softening point of 55.degree. - 90.degree. C and thermally ageing the material to increase the KS softening point to 80.degree. - 100.degree. C.The residue may be obtained from the steam cracking of naphtha. The thermal ageing may be carried out by heating under reflux or by recycling the residue at the base of the distillation column.The binder preferably has a KS softening point of 88.degree. - 100.degree. C a density above 1.20, a Conradson carbon index of 45 - 60, a beta resin content of 20 - 35% wt and an alpha resin content below 10% wt.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating middle distillate fraction petroleum feed stocks wherein hydrogen requirements for the hydrotreater are reduced by first passing the feed stock and steam to a steam hydroconversion zone over a dual function catalyst comprising molybdenum on a chromium supported on ferric oxide support or on a high surface area alumina support. In the steam hydroconversion zone a portion of the feed reacts with the steam to produce hydrogen via a steam reforming reaction. This hydrogen is used in situ to saturate a substantial portion of the olefins and remove some of the sulfur compounds present in the feed stock, thereby partially refining same. The partially refined feed is then passed to a hydrotreating zone for further treatment with greatly reduced hydrogen requirements in said hydrotreating zone.

Abstract: A combination process is provided for residua demetalation and desulfurization and resulting coke gasification which comprises contacting said residua with a porous refractory oxide in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature of from greater than 700.degree.F to about 1100.degree.F and a refractory oxide to oil weight ratio of from about 0.1 to about 5 to produce upgraded residua of cracking feed quality, and contacting said refractory oxide after an amount of coke has formed thereon with steam and a free oxygen containing gas in which the mole ratio of steam to oxygen is from about 3 to about 5, at a temperature of from about 1000.degree.F to about 1500.degree.F to produce producer gas and regenerated porous refractory oxide for further contacting with residua.