Abstract: An electromagnetic microactuator having a ferromagnetic substrate, preferably steel. A plurality of layers are deposited upon the substrate including an insulating layer, a seed layer and first and second photoresist layers. The first photoresist layer provides a coil well which defines the deposition location of a coil metal. The second photoresist layer provides central and peripheral core wells which define the deposition locations of a central core and a peripheral core, respectively. The second photoresist layer intersticially fills and protectively covers the coil.

Abstract: A driving apparatus includes a rotor rotatable about a rotational axis and having a cylindrical magnet portion whose outer circumferential surface are divided along a circumferential direction into a plurality of differently magnetized portions, at least an outer magnetic pole portion formed extending in a direction parallel to the rotational axis of the rotor, and facing the outer circumferential surface of the magnet portion, an inner magnetic pole portion formed opposingly to the outer magnetic pole portion, and facing an inner circumferential surface of the magnet portion, and a coil for magnetically exciting the outer and inner magnetic pole portions. The coil is arranged along a direction of the rotational axis of the rotor. The rotor can be selectively held at one of three stop positions, and a condition of −0.3X+0.

Abstract: This magnetic actuator comprises a fixed magnetic part (3) cooperating magnetically with a mobile magnetic part (1) and means (4) for initiating movement of the mobile magnetic part (1). The mobile magnetic part (1) comprises at least one magnet (1-1) and the fixed magnetic part (3) has at least two attraction zones (3-2) onto which the mobile magnetic part is able to come to attach itself. The mobile magnetic part (1) levitates when it is not attached to one of attraction zones (3-2), its movement being magnetically guided.

Abstract: In an actuator having a coil disposed between yokes opposing to each other via a specified space, stepped portions are formed at the inner sides of two arms which support the coil, and at the stepped portion are formed through-holes whose diameter is gradually reduced from the bottom to top of the stepped portion. The coil and the arms are joined together by filling the stepped portions and through-holes with a holding member made up of resin. By this configuration, in an actuator used for a disk unit or the like, it is possible to completely secure a coil on a carriage while reducing the unit in thickness.

Abstract: A vibrator of the present invention comprises a coreless coil (2), a driver (4) including a magnet (4a) inserted in the coreless coil (2), a yoke (4b) for pinching the coreless coil (2) and facing the magnet (4a), and a top plate (4c), suspensions (6 and 8) for carrying resiliently the driver (4). The driver (4) is reciprocated in an axial direction of the coreless coil (2) by applying an alternate current to the coreless coil (2) to generate vibrations. The vibrator can be miniaturized without increasing a cost and has a good rising of vibrations.

Abstract: An ultra-low profile vibrating transducer, particularly suited for floor mat and ultra thin vibrating pad and multimedia tactical feedback applications, using an “I” core coil in the center and permanent magnets positioned at both ends of the “I” core to create balanced push-pull vibrating actions. Mounting methods to effectively transfer energy to the users while withstanding user's body weight. “I” core coil may be driven by AC power, pulsed and/or DC power or audio power. Elastomeric supports are configured to provide rotational leverage action to further enhance the vibrating effectiveness.

Abstract: In order to provide a reciprocating motor which is able to ensure and to be compacted since an outer stator or an inner stator are laminated as a ring type, and fabrication processes thereof are simple and fabrication cost can be reduced, there is provided a reciprocating motor comprising an outer stator in which winding coil is wound; an inner stator disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the outer stator with a predetermined air gap therebetween; and a magnet disposed between the outer stator and the inner stator to perform linear reciprocating movements and fixed on a magnet paddle, wherein the inner stator are formed by laminating a lamination having a predetermined thickness as a ring shape.

Abstract: A reciprocating motor is disclosed having a magnet frame (10) connected between a magnet (8) and an element to be reciprocally moved to transmit a reciprocal movement of the magnet (8) to the element, the magnet consisting of a first mounting unit (12) at which the magnet (8) is fixed and a second mounting unit (14) made of a different material with the first mounting unit (12), being connected to the first mounting (12), and with which the element is engaged. A portion of the magnet frame (10) where the magnet is fixed is made of a nonmetallic material to minimize a loss of flux generated from a winding coil (6).

Abstract: The invention comprises methods and apparatus for cooling electrical leads in an electron beam lithography system. In one embodiment the invention comprises an electron beam projection system including at least one process chamber, containing therein, at least one movable stage and at least one electric stage motor for moving the stage, wherein the electrical stage motor includes magnetic coils encased in a coolant jacket which encloses the coils and encloses a coolant material. The coolant jacket includes coolant input lines for supplying coolant to the coolant jacket and includes coolant return lines for allowing the coolant to flow out of the coolant jacket. The process chamber includes electrical leads for supplying electrical current to systems contained within the process chamber and the electrical leads are cooled by passing them through the coolant lines.

Abstract: A stator for a reciprocating motor comprises a bobbin made of an insulating material in which a winding coil is located; a terminal unit forming a single body with the bobbin and connecting the winding coil electrically with an outer power source; and a core unit stacked radially along with the bobbin started from one side of the terminal unit. Therefore, the winding coil and the bobbin can be coupled in simple way, and the core unit can be stacked simply and precisely, so the mass productivity of the motor is able to be increased. Also, the size of the core unit is able to be managed simply and precisely, and then, the contact and impact with other components constructing the motor is prevented, whereby the reliability of the motor can be improved.

Abstract: A linear motor comprises a stator including a stator yoke and a plurality of permanent magnets arranged side by side on the stator yoke along a motor running direction in alternately reversed directions to produce alternating polarities, and a moving part including a plurality of magnetic teeth arranged along the motor running direction and coils wound around the individual magnetic teeth. Cutouts formed in end surfaces of yoke portions of the individual magnetic teeth opposite to their side facing the stator line up to form a groove-shaped channel running through the yoke portions of the successive magnetic teeth, and the multiple magnetic teeth are joined together into a single structure by fitting a connecting bar in the groove-shaped channel.

Abstract: A vibration generator system is capable of generating vibrations of a frequency that can be bodily sensed by humans, notwithstanding a small size, and making setting of a configuration of vibrations easy. When a drive signal composed of a set of an accumulation signal and a damping signal is given as a natural frequency of a movable body, a vibrational waveform of the movable body makes an envelope. Since a frequency of the envelope is in a lower frequency band than the natural frequency of the movable body, humans can surely sense vibrations. When the number of and a current quantity of excitation signals and reverse excitation signals included in the accumulation signal are changed and the number of and a current quantity of inhibition signals and reverse inhibition signals included in the damping signal are changed, the envelope can be changed in frequency and amplitude, so that it becomes possible to generate a variety of vibrations.

Abstract: A motor for driving a load, such as a tool or a workpiece, can be installed in a machine, for example an eccentric lathe. The motor has an output-drive section associated with the useful load, a reaction section which interacts with the drive section, and a base that rigidly supports the motor in the machine. The reaction section of conventional motors is typically rigidly attached to the machine, so that vibration can be introduced in the machine bed if a strong force is transmitted to or received from the load. According to the invention, these vibrations can be reduced or eliminated by mounting the reaction section on the base in such a way that any movement by the output-drive section can be compensated by a corresponding opposing movement of the reaction section. The inertia of the reaction section hence compensates the corresponding opposing forces in the event of sudden or strong acceleration of the load.

Abstract: A linear motor includes an outer yoke formed of a core made of thin magnetic plates laminated and a coil, an inner yoke formed of a core made of thin magnetic plates laminated and permanent magnets rigidly stuck on this laminated core, and an output shaft fixed to the inner yoke.

Abstract: Electric power is generated downhole by changes in annulus pressure. In a described embodiment, a system for generating electric power includes a piston, an accumulator, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, a turbine, and a generator. A change in annulus pressure causes displacement of the piston due to a pressure differential between the annulus and the accumulator. Piston displacement causes the hydraulic fluid to flow through the turbine, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.

Abstract: A linear generator includes an induction system including coils and magnets, to which a relative motion is imparted by moving the coils or permanent magnets integrally with a piston of an internal combustion engine provided with return springs having one end facing the interior of a piston head, in which the coils are fixed on a movable bell coaxial with the cylinder, and the magnets are fixed on a second fixed bell coaxial with the first bell, the latter being made integral with the piston by a hollow shaft coaxial with the cylinder. The ends of the coils are connected to wires which pass through the cavity of the hollow shaft and reach the ends of the springs facing the interior of the head of the piston, and the other end of each spring is in contact with an output terminal for electric current flowing in the coils.

Abstract: The actuator device includes a rotation body and a rotation restriction plate. The rotation axis of the rotation body is placed on the rotation axis holding member. The rotation restriction plate is placed on the side opposite the rotation axis holding member with respect to the rotation axis of the rotation body. As a result, when the drive means is operated to move the rotation body thereby causing the abutment of the rotation body and the rotation restriction plate, the rotation axis of the rotation body is always subjected to a force which presses it against the rotation axis holding member, and there is no force which urges the rotation body to be floated up from the rotation axis holding member.

Abstract: A cup-shaped yoke is axially movably provided in a cylindrical frame, and a cylindrical permanent magnet is securely provided in the yoke. A coil bobbin is cantilevered in the frame and inserted in a space between the yoke and the permanent magnet, and a driving coil is mounted on the coil bobbin. The yoke is held by a pair of coil springs for resiliently holding the yoke in the frame.

Abstract: Apparatus for commutating turns of a stator coil for a helical coil launcher. An annular brush assembly includes an annular support and a plurality of electrical contacts disposed circumferentially about the annular support for contacting the stator coil. A projectile for a helical coil launcher is also disclosed having an armature coil and a body assembly containing at least one annular brush assembly for contacting a stator coil that is slidably engaged with the projectile.

Abstract: A magnetic device is formed from a permanent magnet generating magnetic flux, an armature which can occupy two positions between four poles and an electromagnet winding to which current can be supplied to produce a magnetic flux in one direction or the other, the flux from the winding causing the armature to move into one position and continue to remain in that position after the current flow ceases. The device can be incorporated into a fluid valve to act as a drive for opening and closing the valve. It may also serve as the drive for opening and closing electrical contacts. Monostable operation can be achieved by locating a magnetic flux shunt at one end of the armature travel. A holding solenoid may be incorporated. A pivoting armature in a fluid tight chamber comprises a fluid flow controlling device. It can adopt either of two home positions in contact with two magnetic poles and is retained by magnetic flux from a permanent magnet. Fluid can flow into and out of the chamber via a first passage.

Abstract: A control valve includes an accommodation cylinder, a coil, a stator, a plunger, and a valve body. Electromagnetic force is generated between the stator and the plunger and the plunger moves relative to the stator. The valve body adjusts the opening degree of a valve hole. A flat surface and a peripheral wall are formed in an end of the stator. The peripheral wall has a tapered cross-section with an inclined inner surface. The inclined inner surface and the flat surface define a recess. The plunger has a frustum portion. The frustum portion includes a flat distal surface and an annular inclined surface. The taper angle of the peripheral wall is equal to or less than twenty degrees. The diameter of the flat distal surface of the frustum portion is equal to or greater than eighty percent of the largest diameter of the annular inclined surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reciprocating motor including a multi type outer core having a plurality of single cores constructed with consecutively-stacked lamination sheets centering around a plurality of ring-shaped winding coils so as form a cylindrical structure and an insulating member placed between a plurality of the single cores, an inner core inserted in the multi type outer core so as to leave a predetermined gap with an inside circumferential face of the multi type outer core, and a moving part having a plurality of magnet rows confronting the winding coils of the multi type outer core respectively so as to reciprocate in accordance with a variation of currents flowing through the winding coils. The present invention generates simple fluxes formed in the flux paths and prevents the fluxes from being cancelled each other, thereby enabling to increase an efficiency of a motor by decreasing the magnetic saturation as well as provide a simple design of the motor.

Abstract: A constant force generator comprises a fixedly arranged part (10) and a part (11) arranged to be moveable in the axial direction relative to this fixedly arranged part (10). At least one of the two parts (10, 11) comprises a magnetically conductive region or a permanent magnetic region. At least the other part comprises a permanent magnetic region, whose magnetization is such that at least a portion of the magnetic flux (&PHgr;) produced emerges from the permanent magnetic region at right angles to the axial direction of movement of the moveably arranged part (11), enters the magnetically conductive region, is guided therein, emerges from the magnetically conductive region again and runs back to the permanent magnetic region.

Abstract: A transport system includes at least one product carrier which is adapted to be moved along a slide way by means of a linear motor drive unit comprising a primary part and a secondary part. In order to improve the transport system in such a way that basically any number of product carriers can be moved along the slide way independently of one another and can be used in a versatile manner for transporting different types of products or workpieces, the product carrier is provided with a substantially flat base plate for transporting objects, the base plate having associated therewith the primary part, and the slide way having associated therewith the secondary part.

Abstract: Provided as a voice coil-type linear motor is a linear motor which achieves relatively high output power, small size and light weight, high thrust, and high efficiency, such as to be available as an industrial linear motor. Ends of inside yokes are coupled by means of auxiliary yokes, outside yokes are configured such that inner peripheral surfaces of magnets are of different magnetic poles, a closed magnetic path is formed by the inside yokes, auxiliary yokes, outside yokes, and magnets. By feeding current to coils, magnetic action is caused to occur between a magnetic field generated by the closed magnetic path and the coils, so that the outside yokes and the inside yokes may move relative to each other.

Abstract: A linear motor has a stationary member shaped as a channel and a moving member therein, with a magnet and an armature producing force for displacing the moving member along the channel. A first air flow path for cooling is defined along the path of the moving member in the channel. The moving member can have channels allowing cooling air to flow through. The channel can be closed over by a cover band passing through a slit in the moving member and closed or lifted by rollers on the moving member. The channel can be supplied with forced air flow by a blower and/or an exhaust fan, and preferably includes a filter for excluding metallic particles from the first air flow path.

Abstract: A structure for a stator of a reciprocating motor is capable of heightening an efficiency and a reliability of a motor by maximizing the area of a magnetic path at which a flux flows without increasing the whole volume of a reciprocating motor so that the flux, which is to be increased as an overload works on the motor, flows smoothly to thereby restrain generation of a core saturation. The stator structure includes a stator having a hollow cylindrical outer core and an inner core inserted into the outer core and formed as a plurality of mutually coupled hollow cylindrical stacked bodies and a winding coil connected into the outer core and an armature having a permanent magnet attached at one side thereof and movably inserted between the outer core and the inner core.

Abstract: A reciprocating motor comprises a mover (400) including an opening unit formed as a ring with an opening on (110) its one side; a first stepped unit (120) in which the inner interval of the opening (110) unit is narrowed gradually toward the entrance; and a second stepped unit (130) continued with the first stepped unit (120) and forming the entrance of the opening unit. According to that, the length of the permanent magnet (420) is decided and the entrance width of the opening unit in which the winding coil (300) is located is reduced, thereby the amount of high price permanent magnet used is reduced, reciprocating movement of the mover getting out of the outer core is minimized, flux on the outer core and the inner core flows smoothly, and leakage of the flux is reduced so the function of the motor can be improved.

Abstract: A linear motor armature (1) is constructed by connecting in series a front module (10), at least one intermediate module (20), and a back module (30). The front module includes a first fluid passage, one end of which can be connected to the outside of the armature and the other end of which is open to the back edge (11B) of the front module, and a fifth fluid passage, one end of which can be connected to the outside of the armature and the other end of which is open at the back edge of the front module. The at least one intermediate module includes a second fluid passage, one end of which is open at the front edge (21A) of the intermediate module and the other end of which is open at the back edge (21B) of the intermediate module, and a fourth fluid passage, one end of which is open at the front edge of the intermediate module and the other end of which is open at the back edge of the intermediate module.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a linear actuator, including: front and rear end bells; a stator structure; a rotor structure having first and second bearings journaled, respectively, in cavities formed in inner surfaces of the front and rear end bells; a captivation sleeve having its proximal end threadedly inserted in a cavity formed in an outer surface of the front end bell; and all foregoing elements being coaxially aligned to permit the insertion therethrough of a lead screw.

Abstract: There is provided a driving unit of a welding equipment capable of reducing the size of the driving unit, of reducing the moment of inertia, and of being compact and having an excellent operability. The driving unit of a welding equipment provided with a pressure application shaft that is driven by a motor comprises a screw shaft provided integrally with or substantially integrally with a rotary shaft of the motor, a nut provided integrally with or substantially integrally with the pressure application shaft and is screwed with a screw of the screw shaft, and a baffling mechanism provided on the pressure application shaft, and wherein the rotary shaft of the motor is positioned substantially coaxially with the screw shaft and a rotary force outputted from the rotary shaft of the motor is converted into a reciprocating motion of the pressure application shaft.

Abstract: A vibrating device has an axially elongated frame, and a vibrating assembly including a hollow yoke. A magnetic driving device is provided for axially vibrating the vibrating assembly. A supporting shaft is provided for axially slidably supporting the vibrating assembly in the frame.

Abstract: A magnetic device is formed from a permanent magnet (12, 14) generating magnetic flux, and an armature (10) which can occupy either a first air gap in which the flux is in one direction, or a second air gap in which the flux is in the opposite direction, with a region of flux cancellation between the two air gaps. At least one electromagnet winding (36, 38) may be provided to which current can be supplied which when energised produces a magnetic flux in one direction or the other, depending on the direction of the current, the flux from the winding increasing the flux density in one of the air gaps and reducing the flux density in the other air gap. This effectively shifts the flux cancellation region towards or into one of the two air gaps so as to produce a flux density gradient extending from one air gap to the other, which will cause the armature to move into (or remain in) the air gap having the higher flux density, and continue to remain in that air gap after the current flow ceases.

Abstract: The invention relates to the of poured concrete and the need to avoid air pockets and voids within the setting slurry. At least one reinforcing rod, and preferably a grid of rods, is embedded in the poured concrete. The setting slurry is vibrated by vibrating the rod or grid. A vibrator receives the protruding end of the rod and is vibrated to vibrate the rod.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated system in which a bilateral permanent magnet excited synchronous motor part and a non-contact power feeding part are combined in order to generate a linear driving force and to feed an electric power without any contact.

Abstract: A description is given of a linear generator (1) comprising an induction system (2) consisting of coils (3i) and magnets (4i), to which a relative motion is imparted by the fact that the said coil or coils (3i) or the said permanent magnets (4i) move integrally with a piston (5) of an internal combustion engine (6) provided with return springs (10) having one end (10s) facing the interior of the head of the piston (5), in which the coils (3i) are fixed on a movable bell (7) coaxial with the cylinder (8), and the magnets (4i) are fixed on a second fixed bell (9) which is coaxial with the first bell (7), the latter being made integral with the said piston (5) by means of a hollow shaft (11) which is coaxial with the cylinder (8).

Abstract: A stator of a reciprocal motor includes a bobbin of insulating material with a coil wound thereon, a terminal unit formed integrally with the bobbin to connect the coil to an external power source, a first lamination core in which a plurality of lamination sheets of a predetermined form are stacked radially along the bobbin, and a second lamination core in which a plurality of lamination sheets formed to have a certain width and length and located symmetrically on the central line in the direction of the length, are coupled with the inner side or outer side of the first lamination core. Therefore the present invention makes the laminating operation simple and convenient by laminating the plurality of lamination sheets composing the laminate core without sorting the lamination sheets in a certain direction during the production of the lamination core thus to improve assembly productivity and mass productivity.

Abstract: A motor having two degrees of free motion includes: a motor casing; a combined core of cylindrical shape having a plurality of inner teeth inside and a plurality of outer teeth outside and fixedly coupled inside the motor casing; a first coil winding wound on the inner teeth of the combined core; a second coil winding coil wound on the outer teeth of the combined core; a rotating armature having a permanent magnet inside inserted inside the combined core and rotated by an interaction of a magnetic flux formed by the first coil winding and the permanent magnet; a linear armature located at one side of the second coil winding undergoing a linear movement by the flux formed by the second coil winding; a driving shaft penetratingly coupled to the rotating armature and to the linear armature and undergoing rotating and linear movements therewith; and a spring urging the linear armature away from the combined core.

Abstract: A linear motor includes a rotor (70) and a secondary member (80), wherein the secondary member (80) carries a cover for protection against mechanical damage, aggressive liquids etc. The cover (40) has low magnetizable material and is held in place by magnetic elements (30) of the secondary member. Thus, there is no need to secure the cover additionally by gluing etc and the cover can be easily replaced. The cover can be placed, preferably, as one piece upon the secondary member, which may be made of several secondary member elements, and carries a scale for controlling the position of the motor.

Abstract: A comb structure in which a magnetic force, which is generated between a pair of intermeshed combs by applying a magnetic flux thereto, is constant with respect to the relative motion between the combs, is provided. Also, an actuator and an inertia sensor both using the comb structure are provided. The comb structure includes a pair of magnetic combs, a magnetic flux guide for magnetically connecting the pair of combs, a coil wound around an arbitrary portion of the magnetic flux guide, and a power supply connected to the coil. The pair of magnetic combs intermeshed with each other having a gap S therebetween are connected to each other by the magnetic flux guide, such that they are driven by receiving a magnetic field from the coil. The coil is supposed to generate a magnetic field under the influence of a current provided from the power supply.

Abstract: In order to provide a reciprocating motor which is able to ensure and to be compacted since an outer stator or an inner stator are laminated as a ring type, and fabrication processes thereof are simple and fabrication cost can be reduced, there is provided a reciprocating motor comprising an outer stator in which winding coil is wound; an inner stator disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the outer stator with a predetermined air gap therebetween; and a magnet disposed between the outer stator and the inner stator to perform linear reciprocating movements and fixed on a magnet paddle, wherein the inner stator are formed by laminating a lamination having a predetermined thickness as a ring shape.

Abstract: In a reciprocating motor capable of securing a stability of a motor by improving a strength of a magnet frame, preventing breakage of the magnet frame in operation of the motor and preventing an inner stator from rotating and separating from a support frame, the reciprocating motor includes an inner stator locker installed between the inner stator and the support frame and preventing the inner stator from separating from the support frame and a magnet frame having plural support bars formed at regular intervals so as to form a space portion in which the magnet is installed in the circumference direction.

Abstract: A reciprocating engine has at least one cylinder forming an inner chamber, at least one piston reciprocatingly movable in the inner chamber of the at least one cylinder, a unit for converting a reciprocating movement of the piston to move an outside object, a unit for reciprocatingly moving the at least one piston in the at least one cylinder the reciprocatingly moving unit including magnet elements with at least one electromagnet connected with the cylinder and at least another electromagnet connected with the piston, so that when a polarity of the magnet elements is changed, a magnetic interaction of the electromagnets with one another causes the reciprocating movement of the piston.

Abstract: A vibration-generating device includes a motor stored in a housing such that a rotating shaft projects from the housing. A weight is attached to the rotating shaft and a coil spring which serves as an elastic member is wound around the rotating shaft. One end of the coil spring is attached to a shaft and the other end to a restraining projection. When the rotating shaft and the weight reciprocate, the housing vibrates due to an impact which occurs every time the moving direction of the weight is reversed. When a stepping motor is used, an impact occurs and damping vibration is generated due to the impact when a driving pulse is applied to control the motor. Accordingly, the housing vibrates due to this impact or the damping vibration. In addition, rotation control is easily performed and various vibrations are obtained by changing the vibration frequency and amplitude.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to reciprocating electromagnetic devices, and more particularly to a construction of a reciprocating electromagnetic device for reducing secondary losses in magnetically-permeable elements, but without compromising manufacturability as required in prior art. The device provides for shaped pole faces to reduce local magnetic flux density and/or interruptions of electrically-conductive paths in the planes of the laminated layers of the stationary element of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a linear reciprocating flux reversal Permanent Magnetic (PM) machine in which stators are provided with air gap sections and interpole sections and magnets are inserted into a mover. The linear reciprocating flux reversal PM machine, comprises a pair of stators arranged to be opposite to each other, the stators each having two coils wound in opposite directions, and air gap sections and interpole sections alternately arranged on inside portions of the stator in a crosswise direction of the stator with the air gap sections of a first stator opposite to interpole sections of a second stator; a mover disposed between the stators to be reciprocated therebetween, the mover having one or more bar-shaped magnets longitudinally and vertically embedded therein; and a spring for returning the mover to an initial position thereof, the returning spring being connected to one or both ends of the mover.

Abstract: An electromagnetic linear generator and regenerative electromagnetic shock absorber is disclosed which converts variable frequency, repetitive intermittent linear displacement motion to useful electrical power. The innovative device provides for superposition of radial components of the magnetic flux density from a plurality of adjacent magnets to produce a maximum average radial magnetic flux density within a coil winding array. Due to the vector superposition of the magnetic fields and magnetic flux from a plurality of magnets, a nearly four-fold increase in magnetic flux density is achieved over conventional electromagnetic generator designs with a potential sixteen-fold increase in power generating capacity.

Abstract: An electromagnetic x-y stage driver for a nano data storage system and a method for fabricating the coils of the same are provided. In the electromagnetic x-y stage driver, a cantilever tip array fixedly provided a medium for recording data to write data to or read data from each cell of the medium. Four coils are formed to be integrated with the medium in front of, behind, to the left of and to the right of the medium to move the medium. Four supporting beam are installed to an x-y stage body onto which a medium structure composed of the medium and the four coils is loaded such that the four supporting beam are connected to the four corners of the medium structure to support the medium structure. Four driving beams connect the upper portions of the supporting beam to the four corners of the medium structure to allow the medium structure to move in an x or y direction. Stiffeners are disposed at the four sides between the supporting beam to prevent the medium structure from rotating.

Abstract: A linear oscillator includes a reciprocating moving part, a case to contain the moving part, and an amplitude control spindle moveably supported in the case. The moving part and the amplitude control spindle reciprocate at a frequency approximately equal to the resonance frequency of the linear oscillator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of generating magnetic centering force on the permanent magnets of a reciprocating permanent magnet motor or generator, by allowing the ferromagnetic structure of the machine to saturate magnetically when the permanent magnets are near the ends of their travel.