Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus useful for providing a voltage gain as well as for generating energy. The anomalous lack of repulsion observed between unbound electrons is exploited by the apparatus, which comprises an electron gun and a capacitor which is charged by free electrons and is discharged by a circuit. The preferred embodiment additionally comprises a magnetic bottle which is activatable.

Abstract: A device for synchronizing a power drive signal of a monitor, and a method therefor.

Abstract: In a digital signal processing system, a method for selecting a transform function to apply to an input signal based on characteristics of the signal, and for self-adjusting criteria which are used in selecting a transform function to apply to a subsequent signal. Characteristics are obtained from the signal. The characteristics are compared to adjustable criteria which are used in selecting a transform function. Differing criteria are maintained for the different selectable transform functions. A record is maintained of transform functions selected and the particular characteristics that caused the selection. Based on the ability of a transform function to minimally define the coded signal, an inverse transform function is selected to decode the signal. The criteria used in selecting a transform function to apply to a subsequent signal are adjusted based on a quality measure of the decoded signal and the record of selected transform functions.

Abstract: Openings 2C01 and 2C03, which are formed by dividing pins 531 and 5033, are formed on a side section 2C of a horizontal deflection coil 2 within a range of 20 to 35% of a length of the horizontal deflection coil 2 from a larger diameter flange 2B and within an angle of 10 to 25 degrees to an X-axis. Other openings 2C02 and 2C04, which are formed by dividing pins 5032 and 5034, are formed on the side section 2C of the horizontal deflection coil 2 within a range of 55 to 70% of a length of the horizontal deflection coil 2 from the larger diameter flange 2B and within an angle of 25 to 40 degrees to the X-axis.

Abstract: An oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus is disclosed. The oscilloscope displays wave-forms with the regulated intensity in spite of various wave-form repetition rates or sweep ranges. The scope has a CCD sensor 11 on a CRT 10. The CCD output 28 is applied to a video circuit 12 delivering a video signal 29. The CPU 4 instructs an intensity of an electron beam to a Z-axis circuit 8 and an AGC (automatic gain control) revision signal 27 to a AGC circuit 13 in accordance with an intensity input signal 21. The AGC circuit 13 controls its gain for amplifying a video signal 29 from the CCD 11 via the video circuit 12. When the video signal 29 is small in its amplitude, the AGC circuit 13 has a large gain. When the video signal 29 is large, the circuit 13 has a small gain. Therefore, an intensity of wave-forms being displayed is regulated in the intensity desired, in spite of various repetition rates of the wave-forms or sweep velocities.

Abstract: A signal for executing a spot killer operation is generated when power is turned OFF, and the signal for the spot killer operation is generated in the power ON state based on a control signal. By generating a signal for executing a spot killer operation and also by generating the signal for executing a spot killer operation in the power ON state based on a control signal, the spot killer operation can be executed using a spot killer circuit irrespective of whether power is ON or turned OFF.

Abstract: Supplementary grid blanking and spot burn protection are provided in a receiver/monitor (10) by a grid bias control circuit (50) including a blanking signal generator (60) that produces a blanking output signal (S1) devoid of any picture representative component whenever a vertical blanking signal (VB) or a horizontal blanking signal (HB) is present. A capacitor (C1) strips DC from the blanking signal and the resultant signal (S2) is applied to a modulation input (84) of a grid bias generator to produce an output grid bias reference voltage (Vr) modulated by the AC component of the blanking signal. The reference voltage (Vr) is coupled via a spot burn protection circuit (100) and a grid coupling circuit (120) to the control grids of three projection kinescopes (16, 18, 20).

Abstract: The cut-off level (Vcod) of a drive signal (Vd) of a cathode ray tube (3) is (Ib1, Ib2) occurring at these two levels (Vd1, Vd2).

Abstract: A circuit apparatus and method is disclosed for determining the actual beam current of a display device having at least one cathode and that actual beam current is used to both correctly bias a voltage that drives the display device and determine the actual drive voltage according to a desired beam current. At periodic intervals, according to the invention, a series of test voltages in known relation to one another are applied to the display device, and measured cathode currents corresponding to the applied voltages are stored in appropriate memory elements of an correction unit. If at least two of the test voltages is selected to result in a black level, and at least one of the test voltages is selected to result in a white level beam current then the correction unit can precisely determine actual beam current through application of a mathematical relationship between test voltage an measured beam current which takes into account a leakage current between a cathode and a first grid of the display device.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube package includes a cathode ray tube assembly and a housing assembly including a deflection coil and/or at least one focus coil. The cathode ray tube assembly includes a collar (31) aligned with the electron beam, being arranged to mate with a mounting collar (41) carried on the housing assembly. The provision of the collar (31) enables the cathode ray tube assembly to be easily replaced at the end of the cathode ray tube's life within the housing assembly without the need for realignment of the coils.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field shielding circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a phrase inverting circuit, coupled to a turn in the secondary windings, for generating an inverted phase with respect to a phase of a voltage signal induced to the anode electrode from the secondary windings. An oscillation circuit oscillates a voltage signal output from an output node of the phase inverting circuit. The oscillating circuit matches an oscillating signal with a high voltage level signal. An electromagnetic field generation circuit applies a voltage signal output from an output mode of the oscillation circuit. This generates an electromagnetic field responsive to the voltage signal substantially around the circumferential periphery of the front portion of the picture tube. This electromagentic field cancels and shields the electromagnetic field generated from the anode.

Abstract: A Moire interference detection apparatus for a raster-scanned cathode ray tube display is provided. The apparatus comprises a band-pass filter for generating an output signal in response to a signal indicative of the pixel frequency of a displayed image in a direction of raster scan falling within the pass band of the filter. Control means varies the center frequency of the pass band of the filter in dependence on an active video period of the image in said direction of raster scan, the spacing of adjacent phosphor elements of the cathode ray display tube of the display in said direction of raster scan, and the scan size in said direction of raster scan.

Abstract: An improved spot elimination circuit for a monitor capable of Display Power Management Signaling function prevents an occurrence of a focused beam spot from the phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube in the monitor by suddenly dropping the potential level of a high voltage. The circuit includes a high voltage generator, a X-ray sensor, a X-ray protector, a controller and a spot killer circuit. The spot killer circuit actuates the X-ray protector to virtually instantaneously shut down a high voltage generated from the high voltage generator in response to a logic signal indicative of absence of a vertical synchronizing signal. The controller determines the vertical sync signal and generates the logic signal. Accordingly, the phosphor screen of the cathode ray tube is protected from excessive cathode luminance at a focused spot which can cause degradation of the screen.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, provides for automatic cutoff control in a DC coupled CRT video drive using a low DC supply voltage and circuitry that is lower in power consumption than conventional circuitry for the comparable video performance. A simple, easy to implement solution is achieved with an extremely low component count. Cutoff control response is fast, allowing discontinuous operation of auto cutoff control. In one embodiment of the invention, a cutoff control signal is applied to individual CRT G1 terminals. Fast response cutoff control drive is realized using an IC current source and a single transistor current-to-voltage (CTV) converter. Supply voltage variations on the video driver are clamped via a clamping device to the negative supply voltage of the G1 CTV converter.

Abstract: A CRT display device capable of displaying a signal from the existing image signal source, in which a vertical frequency is approximately fixed and a horizontal frequency is widely distributed beyond a ratio of 3:1, on one image screen. The CRT display device includes a scan converter unit and a display unit. The scan converter unit includes an output horizontal frequency unifying circuit, a horizontal blanking period ratio converting circuit, a vertical frequency converting unit and a vertical blanking period ratio converting circuit. The display unit includes a vertical deflection circuit and a circuit for correcting a vertical S-shaped distortion. In a phase synchronous circuit, a lock-out detector is connected to an output of a three state output digital phase detector, and on the basis of an output thereof, a switch is subjected to the "ON"/"OFF" control.

Abstract: In a digital oscilloscope for indicating an input signal waveform on a display, all or part of the circuits which constitute the oscilloscope are de-energized in accordance with at least one of an operation mode in which the digital oscilloscope has been set by the user and another mode of the oscilloscope. Alternatively, it is determined whether the digital oscilloscope is not operated for a time established by the user or more, and if it is determined that the oscilloscope is not operated for the set time or above, the display is de-energized.

Abstract: A spot removing circuit for a display device is disclosed. The spot removing circuit comprises a rectifying and smoothing portion for rectifying and smoothing the voltage outputted from a flyback transformer, a capacitor for charging a voltage supplied from a power supply and discharging the charged voltage when the power supply switch is turned off, and a grid control portion for supplying a grid terminal with the voltage outputted from the rectifying and smoothing portion when a power supply switch is turned on and for supplying the grid terminal with the voltage discharged from the capacitor plus the output voltage from the rectifying and smoothing portion when the power supply switch is turned off so that a spot can be prevented from appearing on a display screen when the power supply switch of the display device is turned off.

Abstract: An automatic degaussing circuit provides a video display apparatus with a degaussing capability over a wide range of ac mains sources. An ac mains source is coupled to a degaussing coil by a series interconnection of first and second temperature-sensitive resistances. The temperature-sensitive resistances have oppositely-tending temperature coefficients, so that a total dc impedance of the automatic degaussing circuit initially decreases after power is applied to the circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a horizontal (H) position modulator circuit for adjusting the horizontal impingement location of the electronic beam of a predetermined scan line and a vertical (V) position modulator circuit for adjusting the vertical impingement location of the electronic beam of a predetermined scan field. The H-position modulator, which is coupled to the H-position control circuit existing in the conventional color display device, responsive to the H-MOIRE control signal, changes the relative timing relation of horizontal synchronization signal to the video signals via the horizontal deflection circuit. The H-positions of electronic beam impingement of the predetermined scan lines are therefore adjusted. The V-position modulator, which is coupled to the V-position control circuit existing in the conventional color display device, responsive to the V-MOIRE control signal, changes the current flowing through the vertical deflection coil.

Abstract: A high-voltage stabilizer circuit for a monitor which stabilizes its output voltage by reducing the overshoot of the output voltage occurring when the power is on. According to the circuit, the high voltages induced in two secondary windings of a flyback transformer are superimposed and provided as a reference signal for pulse-width modulation.

Abstract: A high energy-saving circuit for a display apparatus controls turn on and/or off of an AC voltage supply terminal by the simple circuitry of a sensor, an operation controller and an output unit for effecting automatic reset on an analog basis without supplying power to a microprocessor by providing an auxiliary power supply circuit in an input signal off-mode, whereby power is economized and the total AC power pauses to save the power consumed heretofore in peripheral equipment such as printers.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a ferroelectric thin film between first and second spaced apart electrodes. The ferroelectric thin film emits electrons upon application of a predetermined voltage between the first and second spaced apart electrodes. The electrons are emitted in an electron emission path and impinge upon a luminescent layer such as a phosphor layer, which produces luminescence upon impingement upon the emitter electrodes. The ferroelectric thin film is preferably about 2 .mu.m or less in thickness and is preferably a polycrystalline ferroelectric thin film. More preferably, the thin ferroelectric film is a highly oriented, polycrystalline thin ferroelectric film. Most preferably, highly oriented ferroelectric thin film has a preferred (001) crystal orientation and is about 2 .mu.m or less in thickness. A flat panel display may be formed of arrays of such display elements. Top and bottom electrodes or side electrodes may be used.

Abstract: A source of light in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral region includes a reflective UV-sensitive photocathode supported in spaced parallel relationship with a mesh electrode within a rare gas at low pressure. A high positive potential applied to the mesh electrode creates an electric field which causes drifting of free electrons occurring between the electrodes and producing continuous VUV light output by electric field-driven scintillation amplification sustained by positive photon feedback mediated by photoemission from the photocathode. In one embodiment the lamp emits a narrow-band continuum peaked at 175 nm.

Abstract: The object of the disclosure is a method and a coupling for decreasing the alternating current field produced by a cathode-ray tube in the environment. The said field or radiation is at least partly due to the capacitances (C1, C2) of the anode (A) with respect, on one hand, to the deflection coil (DY) and, on the other hand, to the ground. These capacitances produce, mainly because of the return pulse of the deflection coupling, a line rate noise voltage to the anode. According to the invention, a back-off voltage (U.sub.2) opposite to the noise voltage is fed to the anode (A) of the tube either directly or via a graphitizing (G). In cases where the same high-voltage transformer (TR) functions for both the high voltage of the anode and the horizontal deflection, the winding (L) of this transformer can also be used in generating the back-off voltage (U.sub.2). The back-off voltage can thus be coupled to the anode (A) via the high-voltage capacitor (C3) of the transformer.

Abstract: An arc suppressor is provided for an electron gun of the type used e.g. in semiconductor lithography equipment. The arc suppressor prevents damaging emission properties of the electron gun either due to variation of the cathode work function or any damage to the emitter apex. The arc suppressor includes a resistance and an inductor in series with each electrode lead providing voltage or current to the various electrodes of the electron gun. The inductance is provided by a ferrite toroid which contains a plurality of holes in addition to the main central hole. The leads for each electrode are wrapped around the toroid through the various holes, with one hole being provided for each lead. Thus advantageously each lead is isolated magnetically from the others, reducing the transformer and capacitive effects that couple one lead to another.

Abstract: A triggering control circuit varies a holdoff period for one sweep cycle whereby to lock triggering to a different, selected event viewable on an oscilloscope.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus comprises three cathodes arranged in line with each other in a first direction for emission of respective electron beams therefrom, a focusing electrode having first to third apertures defined therein for the passage of the respective electron beams therethrough, a quadrupole electrode structure including first to third quadrupole electrodes one for each electron beam, each of the quadrupole electrode being comprised of a pair of horizontal electrode pieces spaced a predetermined distance from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and positioned upwardly and downwardly, respectively, with respect to the associated electron beam, and a pair of vertical electrode pieces spaced a predetermined distance from each other in a direction aligned with the first direction and positioned leftwards and rightwards with respect to such associated electron beam, and a power source circuit for applying a predetermined voltage to the quadrupole electrode structure.

Abstract: A degaussing circuit for a video display apparatus eliminates residual degaussing current flow during operation of the video display apparatus. A capacitor is connected between coil of the degaussing relay and the source of energizing voltage. Application of the energizing voltage to the relay coil energizes the relay and initiates degaussing of the cathode ray tube of the video display apparatus, and also causes the capacitor to begin charging. As the capacitor becomes charged, the degaussing relay becomes deenergized, thereby terminating degaussing current flow. The capacitor charging time constant is selected to allow sufficient time for degaussing to occur before deenergization of the degaussing relay.

Abstract: First and second capacitors are charged prior to a degaussing interval. A first switch couples the first capacitor to a degaussing coil to initiate the degaussing interval. The first capacitor and the degaussing coil form a resonant circuit that resonates to generate a decaying degaussing current. During a predetermined portion of each cycle of the degaussing current, a second switch couples a precharged second capacitor in parallel with the first capacitor to form a charge transfer arrangement that transfers charge from the second to the first capacitor for replenishing energy losses in the first capacitor. The charge transfer arrangement increases the duration of the time it takes to the amplitude of the degaussing current to decay and, hence, the length of the degaussing interval.

Abstract: Digital wave observation apparatus includes first and second A/D converters to convert input signals of first and second channels into corresponding first and second digital signals. First and second delay circuits selectively delay the first and second digital signals, and a wave memory stores signals output from the first and second delay circuits for purposes of display. A first command device receives channel designating data corresponding to the first channel and desired delay value setting data, and provides first delay data to a first delay value setting device coupled to the first delay circuit. A second command device receives designating data corresponding to the second channel and desired delay value setting data, and provides second delay data to the first delay value setting device and a second delay value setting device coupled to the second delay circuit.

Abstract: A flat matrix cathode-ray tube (CRT) in which the brightness of a display picture can be readily adjusted according to environmental brightness. In the flat matrix CRT, the grid electrodes are made up of the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes which form the matrix structure with the scanning electrodes, and the pulse voltage for gradations required are applied selectively to the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes so that the picture elements determined by the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes to which the pulse voltage are selectively applied are caused to emit light. Slots the number of which is determined in correspondence to the number of gradations selected, are provided either in the waveforms of the voltages applied to the scanning electrodes or in the waveforms of the voltages applied to the data electrodes in such a manner that the slots occur at regular intervals.

Abstract: A digital storage oscilloscope is provided with an anti-aliasing filter circuit utilizing a first plurality of switchable analog filters that bandwidth limit frequencies greater than half the oscilloscope's sampling frequency, and a digital transversal filter effective at lower sweep rates and sampling rates for also bandwidth limiting frequencies greater than half the sampling frequency. The digital transversal filter is controllable to provide a different band pass characteristic for different sweep and sample rates. Both the selection of filters and the control of the digital filter are responsive to the oscilloscope's selection of sweep rate.

Abstract: A field emission type electron gun comprises a cathode, a plurality of anodes opposing in series to the cathode and a filament for heating the anodes, all being contained in a vacuum tube. The filament is placed immediately before a first anode directly opposing the cathode in a symmetrical manner so as to serve both as a gas expelling member and as an anode.

Abstract: In an auxiliary-voltage DC source for supplying an electric circuit and, more particularly, one at a high potential in an electron gun without an isolation transformer, the primary winding of a current transformer is located in an alternating-current section of the electric circuit. The current transformer has at least one secondary winding which is connected through a rectifier to a parallel regulator for providing the auxiliary-voltage.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube has in a neck section of a hermetically sealed, evacuated envelope an electron-gun mount assembly in which of a cathode for emitting an electron beam, a first grid electrode section for forming a crossover point and for accelerating the electron beam and a second grid electrode section for focusing the electron beam are mounted on a plurality of insulative supporting bars. A conductive member is provided on an outer surface portion of the neck section, an inner surface portion thereof, and/or an outer surface portion of the supporting bars which surround a portion of the electron-gun mount assembly including the first grid electrode section but excepting the second grid electrode section.

Abstract: A degaussing circuit for a color television receiver has a continuously energized switch mode power supply feeding a voltage doubler coupled to a resonating capacitor connected in series with a degaussing coil for charging the capacitor while the receiver is off. A triac connects the capacitor and the degaussing coil in parallel when the television receiver low voltage on/off switch is turned on.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for driving a cathode-ray tube (CRT) with minimized power consumption is disclosed. In the apparatus, a voltage regulator element (a Zener diode) supplying a regulated voltage substantially equal to that voltage of the associated cathode providing a maximum image luminance is connected in series with the cathode between the driving circuit and the cathode, thereby reducing the driving voltage of the driving power source and reducing the power consumption of the CRT driving apparatus.

Abstract: A direct current supply, making it possible to produce a number of separate regulated voltages from a single regulated supply, constituted by a voltage multiplier with cascade-connected doubler stages. One of the doubler stages, preferably the first, supplies by the connection point of its two rectifiers at least one circuit for generating a complementary d.c. voltage. This generator circuit comprises a variable capacitor connected downstream to two oppositely connected diodes and connected to earth or to a fixed d.c. potential, one directly and the other across a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent lamp for use for general lighting service includes an anode constituted by an electrically conducting coating, which may be partly internally reflective, on the interior surface of the bulb wall, a phosphor coating over the whole of the bulb wall interior, a dome-shaped metal mesh grid located near the junction of the bulb with the envelope neck and supported on a hollow metal cylinder, and an electron emissive cathode mounted within the grid/cylinder assembly. The cathode may be a "wreath" filament or indirectly heated disc located near the grid, or a linear filament located near the open end of the cylinder remote from the grid. In the latter case a metal disc, connected to the negative lead to the cathode, is located near the open end of the cylinder, to repel electrons emerging therefrom. A circuit, which may be incorporated in the lampholder, converts the supply to unidirectional operating voltages applied to the anode, grid and cathode.

Abstract: A method for storing data in an archival memory semiconductor target by providing a masking layer of a conductive material on the surface of an insulative layer upon the top surface of a semiconductor substrate; the material layer is assigned a two-dimensional array of possible data storage sites. The masking layer at those storage sites at which a first binary value is to be stored, is melted; the selected material is one which, at the melting temperature thereof, does not wet the surface of the chosen insulator whereby apertures are formed by the writing electron beam in the masking layer, at energy levels insufficient to evaporate the masking material. The writing beam energy is reduced at the data sites at which data bits of the remaining binary value are to be stored, and does not melt the masking material thereat.

Abstract: An efficient switching power supply provides power for penetration phosphor cathode ray tube color displays employing rapidly selectable high voltages for anode or acceleration electrodes. The apparatus employs a serially connected command decoder, a voltage regulator, a power oscillator, and a voltage multiplier along with an output voltage divider for supplying a fed back voltage to the regulator for comparison purposes. Positive transitions of the high voltage output are directly accomplished in the power oscillator-voltage multiplier serving as a unidirectional voltage to unidirectional voltage converter. The apparatus is further supplied with a signal lever detector responsive to the voltage regulator and employing a switching oscillator to control the conductivity state of a pull down switch coupled in shunt with respect to the anode voltage line.

Abstract: A driving circuit for fluorescent display device capable of displaying letters, figures, symbols or the like in multiple luminous colors with a constant brightness is disclosed. The driving circuit comprises a voltage controlling means for controlling an output voltage in response to inputs to be displayed in the device, a pulse generating means for generating a pulse signal having the peak value which is regulated by the voltage level of the voltage controlling means and having the pulse width which is regulated by the input to be displayed in the device, and a driving means for driving the fluorescent display device in response to the output of the pulse generating means.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having an electron gun to generate an electron beam and a focusing lens to focus the electron beam on a target. The anode of the electron gun forms part of the focusing lens and has a very small aperture to limit the electron beam. In order to prevent positive ions formed in the tube from poisoning the cathode the potential of the anode is at most 75 volts relative to the cathode potential and the distance from the center of the focusing lens to the aperture in the anode is at least equal to 1.5 times the largest dimension of the anode taken in a cross-section at right angles to the axis.

Abstract: A power supply for a color display device of the type in which the color of light emitted by a phosphor screen is changed by switching an electron accelerating voltage between different levels, the switching being digitally controlled and being connected so that descending voltage changes are recycled to efficiently drive the supply.

Abstract: A gyrotron gun that generates gyrating electron beams in a controllable manner suitable for use in a wide range of gyro-amplifiers and gyro-oscillators is disclosed. The gyrotron comprises first and second means for abruptly changing a magnetic field and which means are positioned between first, second and third field coils. The field coils are operated so as to provide for a desired magnetic field profile that allows for the control of the parameters desired to provide for small-orbit, large-orbit, and linear modes of operation of the gyrotron gun. The gyrotron gun further comprises of a pair of bucking coils arranging near the cathode to independently control the axial velocity spread of the gyrating electron beam.