Abstract: A multilayer printed circuit board has a plurality of planar layers formed with signal conductor lines and return lines grouped around the conductor lines to form pseudo-coaxial transmission lines. The return lines are grouped symmetrically around each signal line, e.g. two, four, or eight return lines at circumferential positions around each signal line. Ground and power planes may be formed with the multilayer structure for shielding and/or for powering electronic components mounted on the structure. The multilayer techniques can also be used to form a multilayer extender card which minimizes crosstalk and is reduced in cost and assembly time as compared to conventional extender boards.

Abstract: A process for forming a stripline interface conductor. A stripline interface conductor receives a circuit element and provides spaced-apart connections to each of the closely spaced leads of the circuit element. A first ground plane layer and an attached dielectric layer are perforated to create a first access opening and a plurality of second access openings. The plurality of second access openings are spaced at a distance from the first access opening so that closely spaced leads of the circuit element can be attached to signal traces at the first access opening and electrical connection can be made to the leads in a spaced-apart geometry at the plurality of smaller access openings. A second dielectric layer including top and bottom metallic layers is attached to the exposed side of the first dielectric layer. Before this attachment the top metallic surface of the second dielectric is etched to form the signal traces and a third access opening is formed through all three layers.

Abstract: A strip line circuit assembly consisting of a first and second strip line ch comprised of three dielectric layers having conductor strips on either side of the center layer and ground planes on the outsides of the outer layers which sandwich the center layer except for an open central portion which turns through a 180.degree. curved bend. The three layer first and second layer strip lines are separated by the single layer central portion and are sandwiched between three holding plates. The center holding plate has a curved end extension containing axially spaced channels which receive the conductors of the center dielectric layer on the inside of the end. One of the outer two holding plates is placed upon each of the outer dielectric layers in contact with the ground planes on the outer surfaces of each layer.

Abstract: A miniaturized transmission link architecture for intercoupling high frequency miniaturized integrated circuit components comprises a thin conductive plate in one surface of which a matrix or grid work of rectilinear grooves or channels are formed, creating "waffle-iron"-like pattern in one surface of the conductive plate. The spacing between channels corresponds to the width of a channel which, in turn, may be sized to substantially match the outer diameter of insulation jacketed wire that is placed in the channels. The depth of a channel or groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the wire to accommodate wire crossovers at intersections of the channels. The top surface of the "waffle-plate" is provided with a conductive foil to complete the shielding for the wires.

Abstract: A flexible coaxial cable capable of high frequency signal propagation formed from a multilayer configuration having a plurality of adjacent signal traces etched in dielectric material and surrounded by a protective ground layer. Selected ones of the signal traces are designated to be conducting signal lines. A 360-degree signal return line is formed around each of the designated conducting signal traces utilizing signal traces adjacent those serving as conducting signal lines as part of the return line conductor. A 360-degree shield is also formed around the return line, again employing selected signal traces as part of the shield. The return line and shield are created using photo and laser etching, chemical milling and electroplating techniques. The cable allows electrical signal propagation in the gigahertz frequency range without appreciable signal loss and provides high density packaging. The flexible nature of the cable and its structure combine to provide an even variable standing wave ratio.

Abstract: A circuit assembly including a plurality of integrated circuit chips wherein electrical interconnections between chips at a relatively large distance from each other are accomplished by a conductor bus comprising a first section including conductors running adjacent and parallel to each other for a distance substantially equal to an integral number of half wavelengths of the base frequency of signals of the circuit and second sections including conductors which sharply diverge toward associated integrated circuit chips for electrical connection therewith.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal phase shifter including a transmission medium connected between first and second terminals and having a predetermined phase shift which is the same in each direction and an amplifier circuit connected between the first and second terminals for introducing its inherent phase shift in one direction and a phase shift in excess of its inherent phase shift in the other direction for establishing a non-reciprocal phase shift; and a circulator made from such a phase shifter.

Abstract: A high density flexible circuit for coupling electrical devices. The flexible circuit has signal and ground traces on both sides of the flexible circuit. Each signal trace is surrounded by ground traces. There is a ground trace on either side of each signal trace and two ground traces located below each signal trace. This system of placing ground traces surrounding each signal trace reduces electrical noise between the signal traces and reduces the electrical capacitance of the circuit.

Abstract: Arrangement for reducing cross talk between electrical circuit conductors wherein the conductors lie within individual parallel channels within the same plane or different parallel planes within the induced voltage or cross talk region of an energized and a quiet conductor and either converge or diverge with respect to each other. The amount of relative convergence or divergence, preferably mor than six degrees and less than 15 degrees, is that required to attenuate the magnitude of any signal induced by the activated conductor in a neighboring or quiet conductor to maintain an acceptable and desired signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A directional transmission cable is disclosed which has a plurality of insulated conductive wires. The cable also has a source terminal and a destination terminal. A first connection of a collection of more than one of the wires is made to the source terminal. A second connection of less than all of the collection of wires is made to the destination terminal. A faithful transmission of a signal is made from the source terminal to the destination terminal.

Abstract: A sculptured stripline interface conductor for providing spaced apart access to the closely spaced conductors of a circuit element. The low impedance and crosstalk of stripline suggests the use thereof in high-frequency applications. In the sculptured stripline interface conductor of the present invention the circuit traces of the buried signal layer are closely spaced in a first section of the stripline interface conductor and spaced further apart in a second section thereof. In the area where the circuit traces are closely spaced, different-shaped rectangular holes are made in the upper and lower ground plane conductors to expose the inner circuit traces. The upper ground plane conductor also has holes in the second section for exposing a pad in the circuit traces. External connection to each conductor of the circuit element is then made to the circuit trace pad through the holes in the upper ground plane conductor.

Abstract: A probe cable assembly for use in connecting a monitoring instrument to an electronic SUT, to analyze the interaction between the system and a multiple terminal electronic component which can be fitted in a receptacle of the system, comprises a flexible circuit cable having an instrument end and a probe end. The cable comprises at least a first group of conductors that terminate at the probe end of the cable in respective termination areas in a predetermined array. The termination areas are exposed to one side of the cable and form respective terminals for the conductors. The cable assembly also comprises a stiffening element attached to the cable at its probe end at the opposite side of the cable. The stiffening element is capable of fitting in the receptacle of the SUT. When the stiffening element is fitted in the receptacle of the SUT, the termination areas of the conductors make direct pressure contact with the terminals in the receptacle of the SUT.

Abstract: An electrical transmission unit line is provided comprising a porous dielectric layer having positioned on one side thereof a pair of narrow, parallel elongated electrical conductors and on the other side thereof, opposite the pair of conductors and extending transversely across both wires of the pair and parallel thereto, a wide ground conductor. An electrical transmission line having a plurality of such unit lines is also provided. The porous dielectric is preferably porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The transmission lines are covered with an electrically insulating material, preferably a nonporous plastic.

Abstract: In wafer-scale-integrated assemblies, microminiature transmission lines are utilized as interconnects on the wafer. The extremely small cross-sectional area of a typical such line results in its total line resistance being relatively large. Such a line exhibits signal reflections and resonances. In practice, it is not feasible to eliminate these effects by conventional load termination techniques. As a result, the frequency at which digital signals can be transmitted over such a line is typically limited to well below its so-called resonance limit. In accordance with a feature of the invention, the structural parameters of each line are selected to meet specified design criteria that ensure optimal high-frequency performance of the line.

Abstract: A miniaturized transmission link architecture for intercoupling high frequency miniaturized integrated circuit components comprises a thin conductive plate in one surface of which a matrix or grid work of rectilinear grooves or channels are formed, creating "waffle-iron"-like pattern in one surface of the conductive plate. The spacing between channels corresponds to the width of a channel which, in turn, may be sized to substantially match the outer diameter of insulation jacketed wire that is placed in the channels. The depth of a channel or groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the wire to accommodate wire crossovers at intersections of the channels. The top surface of the "waffle-plate" is provided with a conductive foil to complete the shielding for the wires.

Abstract: A high-frequency signal receiver has two separate probes arranged within a waveguide for receiving both modes of an orthogonally polarized signal. A first probe protrudes directly into a rectangular cavity located at the receiving end of a circular waveguide and a second probe is specially shaped to employ the walls of the rectangular cavity and the circular waveguide as a ground plane, thereby to form a transmission line connected to a receiver probe portion arranged in the circular waveguide that receives the other of the orthogonal polarization not received by the first probe but which is reflected outwardly by the rectangular cavity.

Abstract: A microstrip transmission line comprises a plurality of signal-carrying lines disposed along a dielectric ribbon and separated by a predetermined spacing. Ground-plane conductors are disposed on the opposite side of the ribbon in staggered relation to the signal-carrying lines such that the ground-plane conductors occupy spaces corresponding to the gaps between adjacent signal-carrying lines. This arrangement lowers the capacitance and raises the impedance of the transmission line while maintaining high signal line density.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for transmitting microwave energy to or from a coaxial cable transmission line. A conductive ring is positioned between and spaced from the inner and outer conductors. The ring has two diametrically opposed conductive stubs extending laterally outwardly therefrom. One stub extends through and is electrically separate from the outer conductor. The other stub extends to and is electrically connected with the outer conductor.

Abstract: The present invention consists of a crossover for coplanar waveguides. A pair of microstrip/strip line conductors are transitioned into coplanar conductors on opposite sides of a substrate. This places the electrical and magnetic fields in an orthogonal relation so as to reduce the possible interference. Once crossed the coplanar conductors are transitioned back to microstrip/strip line conductors.

Abstract: A support board or substrate is disclosed for interconnecting various electronic components. One or more conductors are imbedded within the substrate for interconnecting the components. Each conductor is provided with shielding to permit the exchange of high frequency signals between the components without cross-coupled interference.

Abstract: A redundancy switching system which provides four reserve devices is disclosed which is suitable for use with from eight to twelve channels. The switches in the input switching network of this redundancy system are connected in first and second sections. Each section includes a ring of switches and two switches connected as appendages to the ring. Only as many switches are needed to control the input connection to the redundant devices as there are redundant devices. A similar number of switches are needed to control the output connection of the active devices.

Abstract: An improved strip line cable for transmission of electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave length range is provided. The cable has a plurality of face to face conductors in pairs, the conductors being separated from their paired counterparts by a porous plastic dielectric insulation material. The cable is jacketed. The improvement comprises the porous plastic dielectric material being, in addition, placed between each conductor and the jacketing material, thereby resulting in each conductor being effectively surrounded by porous plastic dielectric insulating material.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a bandpass T filter and power splitter for electromagnetic energy. It is composed of a plurality of resonant elements serially arranged to form a plurality of forward multi-pole bandpass filters. At least one resonant element is common to both signal paths. The common resonant element transfers energy from the common path to the independent signal paths to effect a power split. The two signal output paths are isolated from one another by a multi-pole bandpass filter. The resonant elements may be composed of either resonant waveguide cavities or dielectric resonators.

Abstract: A duplexer includes an integral interdigital transmitter filter and parallel interdigital receiver filter in a common housing. A three-quarter wavelength antenna transformer section couples rf energy from the transmitter filter to an antenna and also couples rf energy from the antenna to the receiver filter and to an antenna cable connector. The receiver filter selectivity is improved by providing a notch resonator between a receiver transformer section and the housing, and the transmitter filter selectivity is improved by providing a notch resonator between a transmitter resonator and the housing.

Abstract: Coaxial cables each having a cylindrical electrically conductive outer shield and a central conductive wire insulated from the shield are conductively coupled through a connector to coplanar conductors on a dielectric substrate. The conductors converge toward an opening in the substrate. The coplanar conductors alternately are ground and signal conductors. Each coaxial cable shield is conductively coupled to two ground conductors and the cable wire is conductively coupled to the signal conductor between the two ground conductors. At the substrate opening the ground and signal conductors are conductively coupled to planar stripline waveguide ground and signal blades, respectively. Ground blades between the signal blades are a factor in controlling the signal blade impedance and provide isolation between the signal blades. Each blade is perpendicular to the substrate and has a pitch angle such that the blade extends through the opening below the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic tuner which includes an SHF band section in addition to ordinary UHF and VHF band sections for use in CATV, for example, has a diode and a resistor both connected between the VHF band section and a VHF band mixer stage. A transistor contained in the mixer stage is always appropriately biased by the diode and resistor, whether the mixer stage functions as a mixer or an amplifier.

Abstract: A printed circuit board of six planar layers has the layers separated by a dielectric of epoxy glass. The two central layer planes form a ground plane and a voltage plane. The two external planes and the internal planes involve series of microstrip signal lines of specially calculated widths and dielectric separations to provide an essentially 100 ohm characteristic impedance for the signal lines in reference to the ground and voltage planes.

Abstract: A multilayer printed circuit board for TTL logic components provides an approximate 100 ohm characteristic impedance between external microstrip signal lines and internal ground and voltage planes. The addition of two internal microstrip signal plane lines permits a much greater interconnectability capability and also saves a large percentage of spatial area for component mounting while still maintaining the 100 ohm impedance characteristic.

Abstract: A crossover for a microwave circuit constructed within a plate includes intersecting square-shaped coaxial transmission lines, each of which is formed by machining channels within the plate, with square-shaped central members disposed along the axes of the channels and insulated from the side walls thereof. The plate is made of an electrically conducting material to provide for the structure of a coaxial line of which the members thereof have a rectangular, preferably square-shaped, cross-section. At the intersection of two of the transmission lines, a septum is placed, the septum being parallel to the plane of the plate. The septum is located halfway between the top and the bottom portions of the channels. An inner, or central, conductor segment of reduced cross-section is slung beneath the termini of rod-shaped members in one line so as to pass beneath the septum and to provide for the structure of a coaxial transmission line beneath the septum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high frequency attenuation core and cable. The core includes a conductor surrounded by a high frequency energy absorbing medium, then surrounded by a dielectric, and then surrounded by an outer layer made from a material having a high complex dielectric constant. The cable includes the above described core surrounded by an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield which is further surrounded by a conductive layer. The cable and core as described above may be used in harness applications wherein a plurality of cores and/or cables as described above are surrounded by a gross shield. In addition, when the cores described above are used in multi-core applications, they may individually include an additional EMI shield for greater electromagnetic interference protection.

Abstract: A stripline cable is provided comprising a dielectric layer and a plurality of sets of narrow signal conductors and wider ground conductors which are disposed in confronting relation to each other with the dielectric layer sandwiched therebetween. The signal and ground conductors are alternately arranged transversely of the conductors. The dielectric layer is preferably made of porous polytetrafluoroethylene resin. With this arrangement, crosstalk in the stripline can be greatly reduced and signals can be transmitted at higher speeds over the stripline.

Abstract: Novel discrete coaxial cable and coaxial cable assembly constructions are disclosed. One preferred embodiment of the invention is a flat coaxial cable assembly. The invention also provides a novel method for manufacturing the coaxial elements which are the primary structural components of the coaxial cables and assemblies. In this method a signal wire and at least one drain wire are embedded in a minor matrix of dielectric material. A portion of the minor matrix material is peeled or skived away to expose the drain wire or wires. The resulting product is then wrapped in metal foil so that the foil makes electrical contact with the exposed drain wires. This step yields a completed coaxial element. A single element may be embedded in a major matrix of dielectric to yield a coaxial cable or several elements may be so embedded to yield a coaxial cable assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high frequency attenuation core and cable. The core includes a conductor surrounded by a high frequency energy absorbing medium, then surrounded by a dielectric, and then surrounded by an outer layer made from a material having a high complex dielectric constant. The cable includes the above described core surrounded by an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield which is further surrounded by a conductive layer. The cable and core as described above may be used in harness applications wherein a plurality of cores and/or cables as described above are surrounded by a gross shield. In addition, when the cores described above are used in multi-core applications, they may individually include an additional EMI shield for greater electromagnetic interference protection.

Abstract: A woven electrical transmission cable A is illustrated which includes a plurality of warp elements (12, 12, 14) interwoven with a weft element (16). A number of the warp elements are ground conductors (10) and a number are signal conductors (12). The ground and signal conductors are arranged in clusters (D, E) which include signal conductor pairs (12a, 12b and 12c, 12d) isolated by ground conductors (10a-10c and 10d-10f), respectively. An input signal is split at the input (20, 24) of the cluster between the signal conductor pair which is then combined at the output to provide a single output signal (28, 30). The location of the ground conductors relative to the signal conductors is fixed in the cable by interweaving of the weft (16) and warp binder yarns (14) together with the warp conductors (10, 12) whereby the characteristic impedance is controlled.

Abstract: A transmission line having substantially reduced far-end forward wave crosstalk is characterized by a single layer of dielectric material having a thickness chosen to provide a forward wave coupling constant K.sub.F substantially equal to zero. The dielectric layer is located on a ground plane, and has a plurality of signal carrying conductors embedded in it. The thickness H of the dielectric underlayer below the signal carrying conductors is chosen to provide a transmission line having the selected values of impedance, etc. and substantially reduced forward wave crosstalk. The thickness t of the dielectric overlayer above the signal carrying conductors is chosen (for the selected value of thickness H of the dielectric underlayer) at the finite value critical thickness at which forward wave mutual capacitance and forward wave mutual inductance cancel to a null. The ground plane and the signal carrying conductors can be superconductors.

Abstract: A new strip line cable is provided comprising a dielectric in tape form made of a porous, crystalline polymer and one or more pairs of electrical conductors, each pair of conductors having one conductor located on one side of said tape and the other conductor located on the opposite side of said tape and in substantially parallel relationship to the first conductor of the pair, the pairs of conductors being arranged in substantially parallel transverse relationship across said tape, and insulating layers made of a suitable non-porous plastic material placed over the conductors to affix them to said dielectric tape and encapsulate the cable assembly. The preferred tape dielectric is expanded, porous polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layer module structure having a constant characteristic impedance. In each conductor line plane, two signal lines are arranged between a ground and a voltage supply line. This line sequence: ground/signal/signal/voltage supply line, is repeated several times in each conductor line plane. The spacing between the signal line and the adjacent ground and voltage supply line, respectively, is identical in each case. Adjacent conductor line planes, nth and (n+1)th have conductor lines arranged orthogonally. The lines of the nth and the (n+2)th plane are preferably staggered to each other such that when the nth plane is projected relative to the (n+2)th plane, the ground line of the (n+2)th plane is arranged in between the voltage supply lines (e.g. a voltage supply line and a ground line) of the nth plane.

Abstract: A high frequency attenuation cable which includes: a conductor; a high frequency absorption medium surrounding the conductor for attenuating high frequency energy through the cable; dielectric surrounding the absorption medium; electrical shielding surrounding the dielectric confining the high frequency energy to the absorption medium; and electrically conductive outer jacketing surrounding the shielding preventing the shielding from becoming a high frequency transmission line.

Abstract: A multi-channel rotary joint, designed to couple a stationary and a rotary component of a radar system to each other, comprises a main channel centered on the axis of rotation and a plurality of axially spaced ancillary channels coaxially surrounding the main channel. Each ancillary channel is formed by two capacitively coupled coplanar rings respectively carried on a stationary and on a rotatable dielectric sleeve centered on the axis, each ring comprising two concentric annular conductor strips on the inner and the outer sleeve surface. The inner and outer conductor strips of each ring are interrupted by small equispaced gaps which are relatively offset to form overlapping segments of two concentric transmission lines which are electrically continuous except at one point at which the line is coupled to a respective balun also formed by arcuate conductor strips.

Abstract: A rework layer for a multi-layer printed circuit board comprised of a reference layer and a wire network containing a plurality of conductors tailored to match the impedance characteristics existing between the internal layers of the printed circuit board, wherein the conductors can be selectively terminated after fabrication of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A signal isolator has an acoustic transmitting medium with a first pair of acoustic transducers thereon for transmitting an input signal through the medium at a first frequency. A first transmitting and receiving circuit is used in combination with the first pair of transducers. A second pair of transducers is located on the acoustic medium to transmit a power supply signal through the medium at a second frequency. Power supply means associated with the power supply signals are used to energize the transmitting and receiving means on opposite sides of the medium.

Abstract: Telecommunications are conveyed between sub-stations of a high-voltage electricity distribution network by high-frequency carriers using the power lines as transmission media. The filtering device attenuates high frequencies spilling over from one line section to the next. Filter elements in series with the line are high-voltage units passing high currents and are therefore expensive. Coarse-tuned high-voltage filter elements include an HF drain path to earth. Fine-tuned low-voltage filter elements at the earth end of the Hf drain path prevent wanted signals from being lost.

Abstract: A microwave band branching arrangement for successively coupling frequency sub-bands of a broad frequency band of energy has a coupler for coupling the highest sub-band of frequencies at one end of the arrangement and a series of successive couplers which are each arranged to sequentially couple frequency sub-bands of energy in an ascending order of frequency from the coupler which couples the highest frequency sub-band. By arranging that the highest frequency sub-band is coupled first, it is subjected to a lower attenuation. In further embodiments of the invention, where the arrangement is used, for example, in a repeater station, sub-bands of energy are coupled out, regenerated and amplified, and reinserted by a further coupler into the arrangement for further transmission.

Abstract: High frequency electrical cable is provided in accordance with the teachings of the instant invention wherein a plurality of conductors for transmitting information are contained in a common sheathing. Each of the plurality of conductors takes the form of a central core of insulating material upon which a layer of conductive material is rigidly disposed. The thickness of the layer of conductive material is such that current penetration is substantially independent of frequency within a given frequency range. Therefore, within this frequency range the attenuation characteristics of the resulting cable are substantially independent of frequency.

Abstract: A logging system employs an armored multiconductor coaxial cable, including an inner conductor, a shield and conductive outer armor and in which the shield, encompassing the inner conductor, comprises a plurality of conductors which includes groups of conductors, each group being separated from another group by an insulator. A distribution circuit has capacitors connected between each shield conductor to improve transmission of a high frequency signal by the inner conductor and the shield conductors while low frequency signals and direct current voltages may be transmitted by the shield conductors and the conductive armor of the cable.A logging tool, including pulse neutron source, gamma ray detector and collar detector, is passed through a borehole traversing an earth formation. Data pulses corresponding in number and amplitude to detected gamma radiation are provided by the gamma ray detector to the inner conductor and to the plurality of conductors of the cable.

Abstract: A three channel electronically tunable filter arrangement for selecting radio frequency signals to be processed in a monopulse receiver is disclosed. Each channel of the disclosed filter arrangement includes an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) filter disposed in a common structure so that the resonant frequency of each channel may be controlled by the magnetic field of a single electromagnet. Also disclosed is an alignment method whereby the response of the YIG filter in each channel may be independently adjusted to eliminate any substantial imbalance between channels as the strength of the magnetic field is changed to change the resonant frequencies of such filters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reciprocal junction devices between independent coaxial lines and concentric coaxial lines. As many elementary junctions as there are independent lines, less one, are required. Each elementary junction involves a two-wire line zone and two parts which establish a progressive transition between the two-wire line and, at one end, the independent coaxial line and, at the other end, the concentric coaxial lines.

Abstract: A transmission line having a pair of wires enclosed in a shield is used to simultaneously transmit high frequency signals and low frequency power between distant locations. At the sending end of the line a high frequency source is connected between the first and second wires by circuitry which prevents the low frequency power from being coupled into the high frequency source. A low frequency power supply is connected between the shield and both of the wires by circuitry which prevents the high frequency signals from being coupled into the low frequency supply. At the receiving end of the transmission line circuitry is provided which separates the high frequency signals from the low frequency power.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter including a relatively broad band input transducer that launches acoustic energy along a first path, at least one frequency-selective periodic grating filter disposed in the first path and adapted to reflect the energy incident thereon along an intermediate path, at least one frequency selective periodic grating filter disposed in the intermediate path and adapted to reflect the energy incident thereon along an output path to an associated output transducer.

Abstract: A radio-frequency signaling cable comprising a center conductor, dielectric means disposed about the center conductor, and a conductive sheath disposed about the conductor and dielectric means. An inductive signaling conductor is spaced-apart from the sheath by second dielectric means in a fixed spaced position to establish a predetermined characteristic impedance of an inductive signaling transmission line which is formed by the inductive-signaling conductor and the sheath. An insulating jacket encapsulates all of the conductors and dielectric means.