Abstract: A location calculating method includes acquiring measurement information by receiving satellite signals from positioning satellites and storing the acquired measurement information in a storage unit in association with acquisition time, calculating movement information that includes a movement direction and a movement distance by using a detection result of a sensor unit that at least includes an acceleration sensor and storing the calculated movement information in the storage unit in association with calculation time, and calculating a location at desired time by using at least the measurement information of which the acquisition time satisfies a predetermined proximity time condition and the movement information of which the calculation time is between the acquisition time of the measurement information and the given desired time.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for using ephemeris data in GNSS receivers and systems are provided. Receivers using synthetic ephemeris data for longer ephemeris availability under poor reception conditions are updated using a variety of techniques that allow for the transfer of accurate information onto degraded synthetic ephemeris information.

Abstract: According to certain aspects, the invention includes using acquisition channel results from a number of satellites to achieve composite weak acquisition. According to certain other aspects, the invention also includes solving for an improved position estimate and, with a sufficiently accurate, either initial or improved position estimate, also solving for GPS system time using a composite of acquired signals from a plurality of satellites. Within commonly experienced initial position and time uncertainties, the geometric range changes are fairly linear, which allows the point of convergence of ranges to solve for GPS position and subsequently for time with reasonable accuracy, which is the equivalent to obtaining frame sync without any data demodulation or preamble matching.

Abstract: The number of messages required in networks where both location and presence services are deployed may be reduced, by retrieving presence data from messages otherwise intended to provide only location information. Thus, information determined in a location service scheme is utilized to provide a presence service as well. A location server requests mobile subscriber (MS) information from a Core Network (CN) Node (i.e. HLR, MSC, etc.) that can be used in determining the Location of the MS. A single message aggregates retrieval of information for two services, specifically, for both location and presence.

Abstract: In a method for refining a position estimate of a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite a first position estimate of a LEO satellite is obtained with a GNSS receiver on-board the LEO satellite. The first position estimate is communicated to a Virtual Reference Station (VRS) processor. VRS corrections are received at the LEO satellite, the VRS corrections having been calculated for the first position estimate by the VRS processor. The VRS corrections are processed on-board the LEO satellite such that a VRS corrected LEO satellite position estimate of the LEO satellite is generated for the first position estimate.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna device for position detection that can determine the current position, using a GPS receiver with a simple structure, with high accuracy comparable to that of an expensive positioning device, and also provided are a position detection device provided with the antenna device and a position detection method. The current position is determined using a GPS that receives signals from satellites orbiting around the earth and determines the current position. Data communication is performed with an antenna main body including: an antenna member provided, at an end thereof, with a receiving section for receiving signals from the orbiting satellites; and a rotation mechanism for rotating the antenna member circularly in the horizontal direction at a substantially uniform speed. The current position is determined based on the signals from the orbiting satellites that have been received by the receiving section.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for improving accuracy in a navigation system. A method of determining a physical characteristic of a receiving device in a navigation system, includes receiving a plurality of navigation signals from a plurality of navigation signal sources, respectively; determining a plurality of measurement estimates, based on the received navigation signals; and determining a physical characteristic of the receiving device by estimating a first set of one or more parameters in an error model, based on at least the plurality of measurement estimates. The error model includes a first error contribution for modeling noise and a second error contribution for modeling indirect signal propagation of the plurality of navigation signals.

Abstract: A satellite navigation receiver and method for enhancing time to first fix are provided. The receiver comprises a radio frequency (RF) translator, correlator blocks, and a navigation data processor. The RF translator conditions navigation signals over carrier frequencies. The correlator blocks comprise a predetermined number of correlator channels configured for the carrier frequencies. The predetermined number of correlator channels is divided for parallel collection of sub-frames of navigation data across one or more operation service codes. The sub-frames of navigation data are collected across one or more operation service codes and on one of the carrier frequencies. The sub-frames of navigation data are collected across the carrier frequencies and on one of the operation service codes. The sub-frames of navigation data are collected across the carrier frequencies and across the operation service codes.

Abstract: A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver includes a GPS receiving unit configured to receive navigation data from at least one visible satellite, a decoder configured to decode the received navigation data to extract time and almanac information from the decoded navigation data and a database configured to store satellite disposition information. A satellite location determining unit is configured to select at least one visible satellite candidate using the time information and the satellite disposition information, and to determine locations-in-space of the at least one visible satellite candidate with the almanac information. Also, a navigation filter is configured to calculate pseudo-ranges from the at least one visible satellite and the selected at least one visible satellite candidate using the corresponding locations-in-space, and to determine a location of the GPS receiver using the calculated pseudo-ranges.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring individuals or objects including tracking devices having wireless powering/charging features. In one embodiment, an exemplary tracking device may comprise a power receiving device that generates power from wireless energy received from a power transmitter configured to transmit the wireless energy, circuitry configured for processing tracking device location information, and communication circuitry configured to process data related to the wireless tracking device for transmission to an administrative hub that is configured to monitor locations of the individuals or objects based upon the data. Output power from the power receiving device may be used to operate the tracking device. Alternately or in addition, the tracking device may include a battery that provides power to the tracking device and is recharged by the power receiving device.

Abstract: A controlled access satellite navigation receiver has only incomplete knowledge of secret codes transmitted by satellites. This incomplete knowledge allows only intermittent position determination. Incomplete secret codes and the intermittent positions they provide are useful for authenticating navigation signals or controlling access to secret satellite services.

Abstract: A positioning device including: a time counter for counting time; a first reception controller (S1) for intermittently receiving time information from the positioning satellite through a reception unit; a time revising unit (S14) for revising the time counted by the time counter based on the received time information; an error calculator (S12, S13) for calculating an error per unit time (“?/?”) in the time counted by the time counter based on the received time information and the time counted by the time counter; a time correcting unit (S4) for calculating corrected time by removing an error from the time counted by the time counter based on the calculated error per unit time (“?/?”); and a positioning unit (S5 to S8) for acquiring a signal of the positioning satellite by using the corrected time and measuring a position of the positioning device based on the acquired signal.

Abstract: A position determination method includes: performing a positioning process that calculates a located position by performing positioning calculations using satellite signals; determining whether or not a convergence condition is satisfied based on current and preceding positioning results when the positioning process is performed, the convergence condition being specified as a condition for determining whether or not the positioning results of the repeated positioning processes have converged; and determining the located position calculated by the current positioning process to be an output position when the convergence condition is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention is related to location positioning systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for making accuracy improvements to a GPS receiver's navigation calculations. According to a first aspect, the invention provides an extreme sensitivity GNSS tracking architecture. According to other aspects, the architecture includes multiple loops per channel, with the loops implemented with hardware and/or software. According to still further aspects, the architecture includes a multi-level lock detection algorithm designed to provide a trade-off between sensitivity and speed that is not possible with existing tracking architectures.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device, such as a GPS-enabled wireless communications device with an embedded camera, a GPS-enabled camera-phone or a GPS-enabled digital camera, determines whether ephemeris data needs to be obtained for geotagging digital photos taken with the device. By monitoring user activity with respect to the camera, such as activation of the camera, the device can begin pre-acquisition of a GPS position fix by obtaining needed ephemeris data before the photograph is actually taken. This GPS pre-acquisition improves the likelihood that a position fix (GPS lock) is achieved by the time the photo is taken (to enable immediate geotagging). Alternatively, the photo can be geotagged retroactively by appending the current location to the metadata tag associated with the digital photo. An optional acquisition status indicator can be displayed on a user interface of the device to indicate that a position fix is being obtained.

Abstract: A method and a terminal for providing a route in a navigation system using a satellite image are provided. The terminal includes a route calculation unit for calculating a route from a current location to a destination when a user inputs the destination, a satellite image requesting unit for requesting a satellite image server for satellite images corresponding to locations on the route and for downloading the requested satellite images, a satellite image storage unit for storing the downloaded satellite images, and a controller for retrieving a satellite image corresponding to the current location from the satellite image storage unit and for displaying the retrieved satellite image simultaneously while downloading the satellite images corresponding to the locations on the route.

Abstract: A mobile terminal capable of selecting optimum satellites among a plurality of positioning satellites and a method of selecting positioning satellites are disclosed with reference to embodiments of the present invention. If DOP (dilution of precision) increases as the number of positioning satellites increases, satellites to be used for positioning are automatically selected from GNSS satellites based on satellite information and a user's menu setting. This can enhance the accuracy of positioning and can reduce battery consumption. In particular, satellites for positioning are spaced from each other by a prescribed distance to reduce DOP, thereby enhancing the accuracy of positioning. Further, multipath signals are reduced in order to enhance the accuracy of positioning.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a golf-stroke recording system, method, and apparatus. For example, the system includes a location sensing component, a processor, and a golf-stroke recording application executable by the processor, which is configured to track the movement of a player's golf ball as the golf ball traverses along the golf course, and then present the tracked movement of the golf ball on images associated with aerial views of the particular golf course on which the player is playing.

Abstract: A survey system including a target unit that has a survey stick having a high-precision localizable target and a hand-held remote control unit. The remote control unit has an electronic graphical display and can be mounted on a holder on the survey stick such that the remote control unit is in a fixed position relative to the target fitted to the survey stick. The remote control comprises a camera for taking a camera image in a defined shooting direction. In addition, an image processing and evaluation unit with a data link to the position-finding unit and to the camera is provided which, from knowledge of the fixed relative position and of a defined shooting direction and also on the basis of the determined target position, can spatially relate image data from the camera to the targets in the coordinate system.

Abstract: An RNSS based street light controller pluggable into a standard electrical interface of a street light for drawing power and controlling a lamp of the street light eliminates the need for photosensors, wiring terminals and related components and yields a street light controller with modest installation and configuration requirements and robust performance and failure recovery characteristics. In some embodiments, the RNSS based street light controller comprises an RNSS receiver, a first electrical interface and a lamp controller, wherein the first electrical interface is adapted to couple with a second electrical interface of a street light and the lamp controller is adapted to regulate a supply of power to a lamp of the street light via the first electrical interface based at least in part on information received by the RNSS receiver.

Abstract: Performing power quality and synchrophasor analysis on a resampled signal. A first signal may be initially received which corresponds to a power system. The first signal may have a plurality of cycles and may have a frequency that varies over time. One or more parameters may be determined from the first signal. Based on the one or more parameters, the first signal may be resampled to produce an even angle signal. Various power quality measurements may be performed on the even angle signal. Similarly, further processing may be performed to perform synchrophasor measurements, e.g., to determine phasor, frequency, and/or rate of frequency change for the first signal. In some embodiments, the resampling processing elements (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, processors and memories, etc.) may be shared between the two analyses.

Abstract: Methods and integrated circuits for performing receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers are disclosed. In an embodiment, a first information comprising current position related information is accessed. A second information comprising predicted position related information is accessed based on previously received information. A solution is computed based on the first information and the second information and a presence of outlier information is determined in at least one of the first information and the second information based on the solution.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for enabling a satellite-based navigation signal receiver to support multiple types of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). A legacy GNSS receiver can support a plurality of GNSS types by software upgrade and with a new/modified radio frequency (RF) chip. There is no need to completely redesign a navigation host chip to support the multiple GNSS types. This invention offers a cost-efficient multi-GNSS solution without sacrificing the navigation performance. A GNSS baseband controller controls synchronization of measurement time for digitized data along a first signal processing path for a legacy GNSS signal and a second signal processing path for a non-legacy GNSS signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipsets or architecture. Based upon a requested accuracy and/or update of a host application, embodiments of the disclosure can calculate position data points on-board the GNSS chipset or allow a host processor to calculate position data points, which can allow the host processor to enter a low power mode if the requested update rate and/or accuracy allow.

Abstract: In a hot start mode of a navigation device, the process of obtaining pseudo-range measurements can be synchronized with the processes of tracking navigation satellites and initializing a positioning unit to compute a position, velocity, and time (PVT) solution of the navigation device. This can influence a time instant at which the pseudo-range measurements are determined and a time to first fix, depending on whether the navigation device is in a strong or weak signal environment. A measurement unit can receive a first indication that a predetermined number of navigation satellites have been acquired and that navigation signals transmitted by the acquired navigation satellites have been locked. The measurement unit can receive a second indication that the positioning unit has been initialized to compute the PVT solution. In response to receiving both indications, the measurement unit can obtain the pseudo-range measurements. Accordingly, the positioning unit can compute the PVT solution.

Abstract: The disclosed method and system is used to determine the position of a user device. The user device can receive data signals and/or carrier signals from orbiting space vehicles. These data signals can be used for positioning calculation and/or track maintenance of the user device. The disclosed method and system can account for time and frequency biases of the user device. For the track maintenance, a Kalman filter state estimator can be extended to include a velocity of the user device.

Abstract: A radio communications device comprising location finding means for determining the device's location based on satellite signals, a crystal oscillator whose output frequency acts as a controlling reference for the location finding means and processing means for intermittently correcting the crystal oscillator such that the output frequency experiences jumps. The location finding means is arranged to take account of the jumps in the determination of the device's location.

Abstract: A Wide Area Sensor Network is disclosed that utilizes wideband software defined radios (SDRs) to provide a capability to monitor the airwaves over a wide frequency range, detect when critical frequencies are being jammed or otherwise interfered with, and locate the source of the interference so that the interference can be eliminated. In addition, a diversity receiver is disclosed. The diversity receiver generates position, time and frequency references for use in locating and synchronizing sensor platforms of a WLS. In an illustrative embodiment, the diversity receiver comprises a first receiver subsystem comprising a terrestrial broadcast receiver, and a common processor platform (CPP) coupled via first link means to the first receiver subsystem. The first receiver subsystem provides a stable time reference and position information to the CPP via the first link means.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a dual mode global navigation satellite system may comprise selectively enabling a medium Earth orbit (MEO) radio frequency (RF) path and a low Earth orbit (LEO) RF path in a wireless communication device to receive RF satellite signals. The signals may be down-converted to determine a position of the wireless device. The signals may be down-converted utilizing local oscillator signals from a phase locked loop (PLL). The RF paths may be time-division duplexed by the selective enabling of the MEO and LEO paths. Acquisition and tracking modules in the MEO RF path may be blanked when the LEO RF path is enabled. The MEO RF path may be powered down when the LEO RF path is enabled. The signals may be down-converted to an intermediate frequency before down-converting to baseband frequencies or may be down-converted directly to baseband frequencies. In-phase and quadrature signals may be processed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for utilizing a positioning receiver, such as a GPS receiver, as a height of burst sensor. The method uses the difference in time-of-flight between a line-of-sight (ex.—on-time, direct) GPS signal and a multipath (ex.—delayed, reflected) GPS signal to determine distance and time to the ground. This may be accomplished with a high degree of accuracy due to the precision timing capabilities of the GPS.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus may include an instruction unit that instructs a peripheral terminal to acquire a navigation message transmitted from a global positioning system (GPS) satellite, an acquisition unit that acquires the navigation message, which has been acquired by the peripheral terminal, from the peripheral terminal, and a calculation unit that carries out a positioning calculation by using the navigation message acquired by the peripheral terminal.

Abstract: A method to define a three-dimensional geographical zone that is utilized with a movable entity having at least one attached transponder is disclosed. The method comprises allowing a user to enter at least one waypoint, and loading at least one waypoint on at least one transponder. In one or more embodiments, a waypoint is defined by a geographical coordinate and a radius. The geographical coordinate is represented by a latitude value, a longitude value, and an elevation value. And, the radius is represented by a distance magnitude. In some embodiments, the method further comprises regulating the movable entity by monitoring, controlling, and/or visualizing the movement, non-movement, or position of the movable entity. The transponder determines whether the transponder is located inside the three-dimensional geographical zone by obtaining global positioning coordinates, and calculating whether or not the global positioning coordinates are located inside at least one waypoint.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating the position comprises measuring a first carrier phase of a first carrier signal and a second carrier phase of a second carrier signal received by a location-determining receiver. A primary real time kinematic (RTK) engine or receiver data processing system estimates a primary integer ambiguity set associated with at least one of the measured first carrier phase and the measured second carrier phase. A quality evaluator determines if a primary integer ambiguity set is resolved correctly to the predefined reliability rate during an earlier evaluation period. A secondary real time kinematic (RTK) engine or receiver data processing system estimates a secondary integer ambiguity set associated with at least one of the measured first carrier phase and the measured second carrier phase during a later period following the earlier evaluation period.

Abstract: The present invention provides a position estimation apparatus, mounted at mobile object, including: an acquisition section that acquires transmission source information transmitted from each plural information transmission sources including, information relating to a position of information transmission source, information relating to a distance between information transmission source and mobile object, and information relating to a relative velocity of mobile object with respect to information transmission sources; a trajectory calculation section that calculates, over predetermined duration, a trajectory of mobile object by integrating velocity vectors of mobile object obtained based on transmission source information; and an estimation section that estimates, as a position of mobile object, a position for which trajectory is translated such that a difference between, distances between a plurality of points at different times on trajectory and respective information transmission sources, and acquired dista

Abstract: This is a specially designed shoe fitted with a GPS chip to track the movement and location of the persons wearing it. The chip is hidden in a separate compartment in the sole of the shoe. The chip is powered by a long-life battery and could be recharged from time to time. The chip emits signals to the wireless tower and subsequently picked up by the satellite, which in turn sends the exact location information of the chip via cyberspace in the home computer. A map is displayed in the computer showing the approximate location of the chip with a coded number within 20-30 yards of the pointer. The shoe is primarily invented to track the missing children and elderly people with Alzheimer. According to U.S. Department of Justice, 797,500 children get missing every year in the United States. The purpose of this invention is to track these missing children by a sophisticated device that never existed before.

Abstract: A cinematic parameter computing method of a satellite navigation system, including: receiving signals at a receiving apparatus from a plurality of satellites; processing said signals to provide received data; computing a first cinematic parameter value of said receiving apparatus according to a first computational method using said received data; computing a second cinematic parameter value of said receiving apparatus according to a second computational method using said received data and computing a distance value representing a difference between said first and second cinematic parameter values. The distance value is compared with a reference value providing a comparison result data and selecting one of first and second computational methods based on said comparison result data.

Abstract: The disclosed method and system is used to determine the position of a user device. The user device can receive data signals and/or carrier signals from orbiting space vehicles. These data signals can be used for positioning calculation and/or track maintenance of the user device. The disclosed method and system can account for time and frequency biases of the user device. For the track maintenance, a Kalman filter state estimator can be extended to include a velocity of the user device.

Abstract: A method of determining an indication of the position of an electronic device. The method comprises: obtaining (100) information relating to a radio signal received by the device, the radio signal comprising transmissions from one or more satellites of a satellite-positioning system, from which information an inference can be made about the true position of the device at the time the signal was received; obtaining (110) a plurality of hypotheses about the true position of the device; evaluating (120, 130, 140) the plurality of hypotheses, comprising assessing a degree of consistency between the information relating to the radio signal and the hypotheses; based on the outcome of the evaluations, selecting (150) one or more of the hypotheses; and outputting (160) an indication of the selected one or more hypotheses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for tracking movement in a marine environment. At least one tracking device that is adapted to be deployed on a surface of the water, wherein the tracking device is capable of moving along the same trajectory of a desired object. Data from the tracking devices are received by at least one satellite, transmitted to a database, and used to determine the forecasted trajectory of the desired object. All data collected from deployed tracking devices may be integrated into a spatial data repository for analysis and reporting using GIS and associated information technologies, thereby allowing for more accurate decision-making and asset deployment during a fluid spill or similar marine contamination event. The present invention also allows for the collection and modeling of accurate localized sea current data, which may assist with marine and coastal engineering works such as shoreline protection and port dredging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, methods, and machines for tracking a fluid spill. The method includes obtaining real-time location data for a number of tracking devices from a positioning satellite data repository, integrating the location data of each of the tracking devices into a comprehensive spatial data repository, determining a deployment location for each of the tracking devices, identifying, responsive to the deployment locations, a fluid-spill subset of the tracking devices that were deployed in the fluid spill, determining a fluid spill location based on the geographic locations of the fluid-spill subset, and generating a geographic map depicting the fluid spill location. A new sensor-driven paradigm is used that combines practical data gathering methods with advanced enterprise information technologies.

Abstract: A sensor-location system for locating sensors in a tract covered by an earth-based sensor network. The sensor-location system includes at least one sensor-identification device, and at least one sensor locator. The sensor-identification device is affixed to a respective sensor in the earth-based sensor network. The sensor locator is configured for use from on board of an aircraft. In addition, the sensor locator is configured to acquire geographic-location data of said sensor including an identifying signature from the sensor-identification device of the sensor in the tract covered by the earth-based sensor network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided that may be implemented various electronic devices to affect application of a filtering model used for obtaining a navigation solution. In particular, signal characteristics of one or more received signals are used for selecting application of a particular filtering model from a plurality of filtering models.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to determining a location of a mobile device using more than one location-determining technology.

Abstract: A reception unit receives global positioning system signals transmitted by a plurality of satellites to obtain satellite information. A determination unit determines whether or not a state in which the reception unit receives the global positioning system signals is a predetermined reception state. A positional calculation unit calculates a current position based on ephemeris information and almanac information when the reception state is the predetermined reception state, the ephemeris information including at least six orbital elements and being obtained from satellite information of first and second satellites among satellite information of three satellites, and the almanac information including at least six orbital elements on a general orbit of a third satellite of the three satellites.

Abstract: Provided is a GPS receiver, including: a navigation signal receiving unit receiving navigation signals from satellites; a navigation signal processing unit acquiring position information of each satellite from the received navigation signal and measuring a pseudo-range; a pseudo-range estimating unit determining whether a satellite of which the pseudo-range may be estimated exists among the satellites from which the navigation signals are transmitted in the case where the number of satellites from which the navigation signals are transmitted is 3 or less and estimating the pseudo-range of the determined satellite; and a navigation solution calculating unit calculating a navigation solution by using the measured pseudo-range and the estimated pseudo-range.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for tracking an item transported with the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a global positioning system (GPS) module for determining a location of the item based on GPS signals received from one or more GPS satellites. The apparatus further comprises a mobile communications controller for generating a message including the determined location of the item, wherein the mobile communications controller sends the generated message to at least one mobile device. The mobile communications controller may also send the generated message to a remote server maintaining location tracking information for one or more items.

Abstract: A satellite-based positioning method is applicable in a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The satellite-based positioning method includes the steps of obtaining multiple satellites in use by searching; calculating every satellite vector between each of the satellites in use and the GPS receiver; selecting three of the satellites in use in sequence as a satellite candidate set, searching for one of the satellite candidate set forming a geometric error relation according to the multiple satellite vectors, and using at least one of the satellites in use in the satellite candidate set forming the geometric error relation as a first satellite; searching for at least one second satellite in the satellites in use, wherein a signal strength varied rate of the second satellite is greater than a varied rate threshold; and using the satellites in use having the first satellite or the second satellite removed to perform positioning.

Abstract: A system for measuring the pseudo range from a first GPS sensor to a designated navigational satellite, for use in a satellite positioning system (SPS) is comprised of first and second GPS sensors for receiving and recording first and second portions of the signal transmitted by the designated navigational satellite, the recordings referred to as the first and second datagrams. The first and second datagrams are transmitted to a datagram processing facility wherein the pseudo range from the first GPS sensor to the designated navigational satellite is extracted. The datagram processing facility for extracting the pseudo range is further comprised of a pseudo range engine for extracting a pseudo range from a datagram received by the first GPS sensor.

Abstract: A method of determining an initial position in executing a positioning calculation based on satellite signals from positioning satellites, includes: (a) executing position converging calculation based on the satellite signals using each of a plurality of first candidate positions as a provisional initial position; (b) selecting at least one second candidate position from the first candidate positions based on a calculation result of the position converging calculation; and (c) selecting the initial position from one of the second candidate positions using the satellite signals.

Abstract: A dual coaxial NSS receiver system is disclosed. One embodiment receives first location information about a first navigation satellite system (NSS) antenna mounted on an object at a first location. In addition, second location information is received from a second NSS antenna mounted on the object in a second location different from the first location. A spatial relationship is determined between the first NSS antenna, the second NSS antenna and a portion of the object. The first location information, the second location information and the spatial relationship are then utilized to determine the spatial location of the portion of the object.