Abstract: The present invention includes: standard voltage producing means for producing 2n tone display voltages from incoming first reference voltages in accordance with n-bit display data; and selecting means for selecting a voltage from the 2n tone display voltages in accordance with incoming display data, for transmission to a liquid crystal panel through a plurality of output terminals with no further processing, wherein the standard voltage producing means includes: generation means for generating a second reference voltage from adjacent two of the first reference voltages arranged in ascending or descending order, the second reference voltage having an intermediate level between those of the adjacent first reference voltages; buffer means for impedance-converting the second reference voltage for output; and voltage dividing means for producing a voltage having an intermediate level between those of the adjacent first reference voltages and of adjacent ones of the first and second reference voltages by vol

Abstract: A method and circuit for reducing correlated noise in imagers is disclosed. According to an aspect, correlated noise is reduced by coupling the reference inputs of imager amplifiers to common voltage sources. The reference inputs of differential amplifiers on the imager can be coupled to common noise sources such as the imager low gate voltage and array bias voltage through suitably chosen capacitances.

Abstract: A hybrid-level charge recycling method for use in implementing low power LCD column drivers. By having external capacitors of the column driver drive the same column lines of the LCD, the need for a polarity reversing circuit is eliminated, and the time necessary for charge recycling, as well as the amount of power consumed, is reduced. As a result, the multi-level recycling operation in column driving IC is made more practical.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit including active matrix type liquid crystal display capable of decreasing the electric power consumption of CMOS buffers contained in a scanning line driving circuit and picture signal line driving circuit. The liquid crystal display has an active matrix type liquid crystal display elements comprising switching elements connected to a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of picture signal lines perpendicular to the scanning lines. The liquid crystal display includes a digital circuit wherein at least one of a scanning line driving circuit for applying a scanning pulse to the switching elements via the scanning lines and a picture signal line driving circuit for applying a picture signal to the picture signal lines comprises one stage of CMOS buffer or a plurality of CMOS buffers connected in multi stages, the CMOS transistor or each of the CMOS transistors including an N-type thin-film transistor and P-type thin-film transistor which are formed on the same substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus and an assembly of a driving circuit for the display apparatus having a display device, a film carrier with a lead to transfer a signal for driving the display device, and a bus board to supply a signal to the lead. A dummy lead is provided along the outside of each of an input side outer lead and an output side outer lead of the film carrier. A predetermined voltage is applied to the dummy leads. The predetermined voltage value is set to a value so as not to stationarily cause a DC bias for the voltage of the outer lead on the outside.

Abstract: A driver circuit drives display device and LCD device has a driver circuit that includes driving stages and dummy stage. The driving stage includes output and control terminals. The output terminal of the present stage is connected to the control terminal of the previous state to be cascade-connected each other. The driving stage outputs driving signal for controlling the switching device arranged on the display device through the output terminal. The dummy stage includes dummy output terminal and dummy control terminal. The dummy output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the last driving stage to output dummy output signal for turning on or off the last driving stage. The dummy control terminal is connected to the dummy output terminal to be turned on or off by the dummy output signal. The delay of signals is reduced, thereby enhancing display quality.

Abstract: A dummy wire is provided on the outside of pixel electrodes disposed on the right end so as to apply the same amount of parasitic capacity as a neighboring signal wire applies. Further, on the outside of the pixel electrodes disposed on the upper or lower end, another dummy wire is provided so as to apply the same amount of parasitic capacity as a neighboring pixel electrode applies. With this arrangement, with regard to a liquid crystal display device with a matrix driving system, it is possible to provide the liquid crystal display device which reduces the influence caused by a difference in parasitic capacity so that an even display can be realized.

Abstract: A LCD panel driving circuit, comprising a gate driver for outputting a scan signal, a data driver for outputting a video signal, a switch circuit, and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor detects the operating temperature of the LCD panel to determine whether or not the detected temperature is over a switch temperature and produces a selection signal. The switch selects a 1-line dot inversion control signal or a 2-line dot inversion control signal according to the selection signal and outputs a polar control signal, thereby controlling the selection of the outputted video signal polarity.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes: a substrate; a gate line on the substrate; a gate insulating layer on the gate line; a data line on the gate insulating layer, the data line crossing the gate line; a data link line extending from the data line; a data pad connected to the data link line; a redundancy line adjacent to the data link line; a passivation layer covering the data link line, the data pad and the redundancy line, the passivation layer having a data link line contact hole exposing the data link line, first and second redundancy line contact holes exposing the redundancy line and a data pad contact hole exposing the data pad; a data pad terminal connected to the data pad through the data pad contact hole and to the redundancy line through the first redundancy line contact hole; a redundancy electrode connected to the redundancy line through the second redundancy line contact hole and to the data link line through the data link line contact hole; and a pixel electrode on

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. The display device includes a first substrate having a liquid crystal display panel region divided by a pixel area and a dummy area, wherein a plurality of thin film transistors and pixel electrodes are formed in the liquid crystal display panel region, a second substrate having a black matrix, a sealant located in a peripheral region of the liquid crystal display panel region between the first and second substrates, a plurality of column spacers only in the pixel area of the liquid crystal display panel region, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: Displaying an image at different aspect ratios requires incorporating circuits such as memory and scan converters into the drive system driving the display thus increasing the cost. In an active matrix liquid crystal display device a logic control circuit is added to the vertical drive circuit, and when a black display pulse BLK for switching the aspect ratio is applied, the pixels in a specified range at the top and bottom (or left and right) of the pixel section are set to active status and, a black level signal written for all pixels of the area set to active status and, pixels of all other areas are set by line to active status in sequence in the pixel section by vertical scanning performed by a vertical scanner and display signals are written for each line by horizontal scanning with a horizontal scanner, to allow displaying different aspect ratios with a simple design, low cost and low power consumption.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising one or more than one shift registers is characterized in that the timing of turning off the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the pMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor is earlier than that of the input gate of the inverter connected to the gate of the nMOS transistor of the CMOS transistor by the difference between the two MOS transistors in the time required for getting to a threshold level after turning off the input gate.

Abstract: A method of compensating for differential aging of independent emitters in a display is disclosed. According to the method, an image on the display is periodically sampled to determine how often each independent emitter is used. A history is compiled of the use of each independent emitter for a predetermined time. The amount of luminance decay that each independent emitter has experienced over the predetermined time is estimated. The maximum luminance of each independent emitter is adjusted so that the maximum luminances of all of the independent emitters is substantially the same as the maximum luminance of the independent emitter that has experienced the most decay.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a repair line for replacing a signal line disconnected in a display area thereof and extended from one side thereof to another side thereof opposite to the one side thereof, there is provided a signal amplifier on a circuit board arranged at the one side thereof. Since the circuit board supplies control signals to a signal driver circuit which outputs a video signal or the like to be transferred by the repair line toward another side of the liquid crystal display device, the video signal can be amplified by the signal amplifier before its waveform is deformed on its way through the repair line. Therefore, the video signal can be supplied to a part of the disconnected signal line at the another side of the liquid crystal display device by preventing the video signal from being deformed and delayed.

Abstract: A display apparatus, that includes current driving type luminescent elements, has a driving system that takes the conduction types of TFTs to control the emission of the luminescent elements into consideration. In order to reduce driving voltage and improve display quality simultaneously, the arrangement is provided such that if the second TFT which performs the “on-off” function of the current for the luminescent element is of an N channel type, the potential of the common power supply line (“com”) is lowered below the potential of the opposite electrode (“op”) of the luminescent element to obtain a higher gate voltage (“Vgcur”).

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a plurality of pixel cells arranged in a rectangular matrix of columns and rows. Each pixel cell includes a pixel electrode, a primary storage element, and a switch for selectively coupling the pixel electrode with the primary storage element and a storage element of another pixel cell in an adjacent row or column. Columns and/or rows of redundant storage elements are provided, such that the switches of pixel cells in the last row or column of the display selectively couple the pixel electrode with a primary storage element and a redundant storage element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving method for a liquid-crystal-display (LCD) which is driven by a plurality of switching transistors positioned in a matrix. The drain of each switching transistor couples to a first scanning signal via a storage capacitor and to a pixel electrode. The gate and the source of each switching transistor respectively couples to a second scanning signal and a video signal. One step of the driving method is shifting the video signal to have a dc voltage of a first predetermined voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus comprises: a liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal having a spontaneous polarization and causing a state change accompanied with a polarity inversion thereof within a response time. Drive means sequentially selects scanning signal lines each in a scanning selection period and applies data signal voltages to the pixels along an associated scanning signal line, wherein the scanning selection period for a scanning signal line is shorter than the response time for the liquid crystal at a pixel on the scanning signal line thus being liable to leave a remaining portion of polarity inversion to reach a desired state change, and the data signal voltage applied to the pixel is set to include a compensation voltage for compensating for a voltage decrease caused by the remaining portion of polarity inversion.

Abstract: A driver IC (integrated circuit) for a display device allowing simple designing and production and yet capable of obviating display quality difference is provided. The driver IC includes a plurality of drive signal output terminals arrange to have variable drive capacities which vary depending on loads of respective signal electrodes of the display device to which the output terminals are connected so as to supply the respective signal electrodes of the display device with drive signal waveforms having identical time constant. The driver IC preferably includes a number of juxtaposed transistors corresponding to but larger in number than the drive signal output terminals, wherein the respective drive signal output terminals are connected to prescribed numbers of transistors so as to have different drive capacities depending on loads of the signal electrodes of the display device to which the output terminals are connected.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a base substrate including a display region, and a drive circuitry region provided in a surrounding region of the display region, a liquid crystal layer, and a counter substrate facing the base substrate via the liquid crystal layer. A pixel electrode and a pixel driving element for driving the pixel electrode are provided in the display region, a driving circuitry section for controlling the pixel electrode and the pixel driving element is provided in the drive circuitry region. An insulating layer is provided to cover at least one portion of the drive circuitry region. A common transition electrode is provided in the insulating layer. The common transition electrode is electrically connected to a counter electrode provided on the counter substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for repairing inoperative pixels in a display are provided. In particular, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for improving the effective yield rates of displays, such as liquid crystal micro-displays, by disconnecting inoperative pixels from their defective drive circuitry and tying such pixels to the working drive circuit of a nearby pixel. A display can be repaired without the need to provide redundant drive circuitry underneath each pixel.

Abstract: There is disclosed an active matrix liquid crystal display that suppresses formation of a stripe pattern on the displayed image. An active matrix circuit, a peripheral drive circuit, and A image data signal lines for supplying image data signals are all integrated on a common substrate. The liquid crystal display includes a sampling circuit to which sampling circuit input lines are connected. These sampling circuit input lines are in contact with the image data signal lines and include dummy conducting lines extending to a buffer circuit. These dummy lines average out impedances of the individual image data signal lines, thus making uniform the amounts of image data signals lost from the image data signal lines. Thus, the formation of the stripe pattern is suppressed.

Abstract: An electroluminescence (EL) display apparatus for performing display operations by causing an EL device, which comprises an anode and cathode, to emit light, comprising: a first TFT, having a source electrode connected to a holding capacitor, a drain electrode connected to a drain signal line, and a gate electrode connected to a gate signal line; a second TFT, having a drain electrode connected to a driving power supply of the EL device, and a gate electrode connected to the source electrode of the first TFT; a first diode and a second diode, which are connected in series in a forward direction toward the anode of EL device from the second TFT, between the source electrode of the second TFT and the anode of the EL device; and a charging capacitor, which is connected between the first diode and the second diode.

Abstract: A MOS transistor (M1) which is arranged in the highest order of a low Vth MOS transistor grayscale group of a decoder circuit of a drain driver is formed of a CMOS transistor, to prevent a current from flowing from an output side into the low Vth MOS transistor portion owing to a grayscale voltage applied to another portion.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel for improving the contrast at low power consumption while suppressing spurious borders, and for stabilizing selective discharge to improve the display quality. The method selects either a first mode in which the number of times of light emission in a light emission sustaining stage in each subfield (SF) within a SF group in one field display period is set to a first value, or a second mode in which the number of times of light emission in the light emission sustaining stage in each SF within the SF group is set to a second value lower than the first value. When the second mode is selected, at least one of the values of a pulse width and a pulse voltage of a scanning pulse in each SF within the SF group is set larger than the corresponding value of the pulse width or the pulse voltage of the scanning pulse in each SF within the SF group when the first mode is selected.

Abstract: An active matrix display in accordance with the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array. At least two transistors associated with each pixel are included. The transistors are serially connected to each other and disposed within the array for switching the pixels on and off according to data and gate signals. A data line is coupled to a first end of the serially connected transistors for each pixel. A second end of the serially connected transistors is coupled to a storage device. The serially connected transistors provide multiplexing capability for at least one of data signal multiplexing and gate signal multiplexing.

Abstract: An active matrix LC display device comprising an array of display elements (10), each having a switching device (12) addressed via sets of row and column address conductors (14, 16) connected respectively to a row scanning circuit (30) and a column drive circuit (35) providing data signals. The column drive circuit is operable in a manner such that an output thereof associated with one column conductor becomes high impedance prior to or while a data signal is applied to an adjacent column conductor. Unwanted display artefacts resulting from this kind of operation are avoided by arranging the column conductor (16) associated with a display element to lie inwardly of the edges of the display element electrode (18), for example towards the central axis of the electrode, in order to reduce capacitive coupling effects.

Abstract: A display device, in accordance with the present invention includes a transparent substrate and an array of pixels formed on the substrate, each pixel comprises a transparent electrode and a deformable member electrically actuated between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state a liquid including a dye is disposed in a gap between the transparent electrode and the deformable member and wherein in the second state the deformable member reduces the gap between the transparent electrode and the deformable member such that the liquid is substantially removed between the deformable layer and the transparent electrode in the area of contact.

Abstract: In an active matrix display device, each pixel is provided with a pixel electrode, an organic semiconductor film deposited on the upper layer side of the pixel electrode, and a thin film luminescent element provided with an opposing electrode formed on the upper layer side of the organic semiconductor film. A protective film covering almost the entire surface of a substrate is formed on the upper layer of the opposing electrode. The protective film prevents the entry of moisture or oxygen to inhibit the deterioration of the thin film luminescent element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of preventing a semiconductor element from malfunctioning due to the light which enters the semiconductor element from the display side opposed to a light source side. The liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal display device further comprises semiconductor elements (FG) formed over the first substrate and arranged in a matrix, and a light shielding film (BS) formed over the first substrate for blocking the light which would enter the semiconductor elements from the display face of the liquid crystal display device if not blocked.

Abstract: A display device, in accordance with the present invention includes a transparent substrate and an array of pixels formed on the substrate, each pixel comprises a transparent electrode and a deformable member electrically actuated between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state a liquid including a dye is disposed in a gap between the transparent electrode and the deformable member and wherein in the second state the deformable member reduces the gap between the transparent electrode and the deformable member such that the liquid is substantially removed between the deformable layer and the transparent electrode in the area of contact.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises: pixel electrodes; a common electrode; a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines intersecting each other; a plurality of switchers, provided for the pixel electrodes, for supplying signals from the data lines to the pixel electrode; a gate line driver for scanning the gate lines; a data line driver for driving the data lines, in accordance with the gradation to be displayed; and a controller for controlling the gate line driver and the data line driver. The controller comprises a signal absence detector for detecting that no signal has been input to the liquid crystal display device. The controller outputs a signal to the gate line driver to make all the gate lines active for a predetermined time after the signal absence detector detects that no signal has been input.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus can be driven with a low voltage, a reduced power consumption rate and a reduced circuit size without sacrificing the quality of the image it displays.

Abstract: A wafer based active matrix reflective light encoding system formed on a conventional wafer including a specular reflective back surface and an LC or similar characteristic material formed thereon which is electronically altered to impart or encode information onto a light beam which is directed to and reflected therefrom. The LC material preferably is a solid light modulating material having bodies of LC material suspended in the solid material. The matrix transistors can be any conventional type of crystalline based structure, such as NMOS, CMOS, or PMOS and can be coupled to the bit and/or word lines by fuses to prevent shorts associated with a single pixel from shorting a whole line. The pixel capacitor can include a junction or oxide type capacitor or a combination thereof. The matrix bit and/or word lines can include strapping to prevent open lines.

Abstract: A display matrix substrate capable of minimizing an adverse effect of a defective switching element developed in the display matrix substrate. On a substrate 10 plural pixel electrodes 2A, 2B are formed in a matrix form. Switching elements 1A, 1B are provided corresponding to the respective plural pixel electrodes 2A, 2B. Voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes 2A, 2B to display an image on the display matrix substrate by successively operating the switching elements. Defective switching element 1A among the plural switching elements is preliminarily detected in a production process. A pixel electrode 2A of the defective switching element 1A is electrically connected to a pixel electrode 2B of a normal switching element 1B adjacent to the defective switching element 1A.

Abstract: An EL device (40) formed from an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting device layer sandwiched between both electrodes, a first TFT (10) of which a drain electrode (12) is connected to a drain signal line D and a gate electrode (11) is connected to a gate signal line G, and a second TFT (20) of which a source electrode is connected to a third TFT (52), a drain electrode is connected to a driving power supply (50-1), and a gate electrode is connected to the source electrode of the first TFT (10), are provided. A third and a fourth TFT (52, 56), which are connected between the second TFT (20) and the EL device (40), for switching in accordance with an external signal of 10 kHz repeatedly charges and discharges a charging capacitor (50-1) between the third and fourth TFTs, the discharge of which supplies a current to the EL device (40).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has horizontal and vertical scanning circuits for scanning an array of pixels. An image signal applied to an image signal supply circuit in the form of series of pixel signals is transferred to pixels in the array of pixels designated by the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits. Each of the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits have a series connection of bidirectional shift register stages and are capable of bidirectional scanning. Each of the bidirectional shift register stages includes a pair of latches connected in tandem and is capable of providing an intermediate output and a shift register stage output.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix configuration, M driving means for applying a plurality of pixels arranged in a column direction with video voltage based on display data, where M is a positive integer, and display control means for sending inputted display data to the M driving means, and for generating control signals including at least clock signals based on input display control signals inputted thereto and sending the control signals to the M driving means to control and drive the M driving means, wherein the display control means reorders originally ordered display data inputted thereto and sends the recorded display data to the M driving means, and generates N clock signals having the same frequency as and different phases from each other, where N is a positive integer smaller than M, and sends the N clock signals to N driving means groups, respectively.

Abstract: A plurality of partial image display portions are provided. Each of the partial image display portions is formed by at least one signal line driver circuits and at least one of scanning line driver circuits. Each partial image display portion displays a part of one frame of image. The whole one frame of image is displayed by all of the partial image display portions.

Abstract: There is disclosed an active matrix liquid crystal display that suppresses formation of a stripe pattern on the displayed image. An active matrix circuit, a peripheral drive circuit, and A image data signal lines for supplying image data signals are all integrated on a common substrate. The liquid crystal display includes a sampling circuit to which sampling circuit input lines are connected. These sampling circuit input lines are in contact with the image data signal lines and include dummy conducting lines extending to a buffer circuit. These dummy lines average out impedances of the individual image data signal lines, thus making uniform the amounts of image data signals lost from the image data signal lines. Thus, the formation of the stripe pattern is suppressed.

Abstract: A display apparatus and an assembly of a driving circuit for the display apparatus having a display device, a film carrier with a lead to transfer a signal for driving the display device, and a bus board to supply a signal to the lead. A dummy lead is provided along the outside of each of an input side outer lead and an output side outer lead of the film carrier. A predetermined voltage is applied to the dummy leads. The predetermined voltage value is set to a value so as not to stationarily cause a DC bias for the voltage of the outer lead on the outside.

Abstract: A light modulating device, such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD) comprises an addressable matrix and modulating elements or pixels and associated circuitry for selectively addressing each element in a series of addressing frames in order to vary the transmission level of each element relative to the transmissions levels of the other elements. Such addressing utilises a temporal dither addressing scheme for addressing at least part of each element within each frame with different combinations of temporal dither signals applied to separately addressable temporal bits within the frame to produce different transmission levels. In order to enable a large number of grey levels to be produced whilst limiting the perceived errors at transitions between different grey levels, the temporal bits are addressed in a first order in a first frame (or in a first spatial location) and in a second order, which is different to the first order, in a second frame (or in a second spatial location).

Abstract: Repair lines for liquid crystal or other flat panel displays are provided as closed loops by utilizing a second substrate and at least one third substrate between the liquid crystal display thin film transistor substrate and the second substrate. By using closed loop repair lines, more than one data line can be repaired using a single repair line. Moreover, the resistance and/or capacitance may be decreased by using a shorter path than may be the case for an open loop repair line.

Abstract: A driving device is for driving a liquid crystal display in accordance with a display data signal. A shift register circuit produces first through N-th control signals from first through N-th shift output terminals, respectively, in synchronism with the clock signal, where N represents a positive integer greater than one. First through N-th output circuit produces first through N-th gradation voltages in correspondence with the display data signal in synchronism with the first through the N-th control signals, respectively. An additional output circuit produces an additional gradation voltage in correspondence with the display data signal in synchronism with an additional control signal. A connecting circuit connects the additional output circuit to an n-th shift output terminal instead of an n-th output circuit when the n-th output circuit becomes faulty, where n is a variable between one and N, both of inclusive.

Abstract: A timing signal generating circuit has a plurality of timing signal generating units disposed in series, each including three or more pieces of timing signal generating elements connected in parallel, and a connecting unit disposed in between the plurality of timing signal generating units. The connecting unit includes an arithmetic circuit which outputs relatively majority signal among outputs of the timing signal generating elements.In this circuit, if some of the timing signal generating elements output defective signals, normal signal is picked-up and output through majority operation of the arithmetic circuit without repairing.

Abstract: A display control device for a liquid crystal display is comprised of a detecting section for extracting a horizontal and vertical synchronizing signal from a video signal, a control signal generating circuit for generating a scanning start signal synchronous to the vertical synchronizing signal and a reference clock signal synchronous to the horizontal synchronizing signal, an X-driver circuit for extracting a horizontal picture signal from the video signal in synchronism with the horizontal synchronizing signal and supplying the horizontal picture signal to each of the horizontal pixel lines, and a Y-driver circuit having a shift register for shifting the scanning start pulse in one direction in response to the reference clock signal and selecting the horizontal pixel line corresponding to a holding position of the scanning start pulse, for supplying a selecting signal to the selected horizontal pixel line.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and applications of forming clusters of pixels in 2-D sensing and display arrays. Using TFT switches having more than one predetermined electrical characteristics. The array formed according to these teachings being used in sensing, displaying, adjusting resolution, color selection, image processing, object recognition and filtering.

Abstract: In an active matrix-type display device where scan bus lines (S.sub.i) and data bus lines (D.sub.j) are formed on different substrates, two kinds of scan bus lines (SP.sub.i, SN.sub.i) are provided. A first switching element (TFTN.sub.ij) is connected between a reference voltage supply line (V.sub.R) and a display electrode (E.sub.ij), and is controlled by a first scan bus line (SN.sub.i), and a second switching element (TFTP.sub.ij) is connected between the reference voltage supply bus line (V.sub.R) and the display electrode, and is controlled by a second scan bus line (SP.sub.i). The first switching element (TFTN.sub.ij) is turned ON by a positive or negative potential at the first scan bus line.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device which improves the shape of the contact region while increasing yield and reducing product cost. A contact region is a region between signal lines, and is a region following a scan line so as to include either a part of or an entire of the pixel electrode edge region following the scan line connected to the switching element. The pixel electrode is connected to the source electrode in this region. The contact hole may be rectangular, and a plurality of contact holes may be provided. Also, if C.sub.X is the parasitic capacitance between the pixel electrode and the source electrode when a bad contact exists between said pixel electrode, C.sub.0MAX is the maximum value of the pixel capacitance held by the pixel electrode when said bad contact does not exist, V.sub.LCMIN is the voltage when the transmissivity at a pixel position is a minimum, and V.sub.LCMAX is the voltage when the transmissivity is a maximum, a capacitance ratio RA.sub.

Abstract: In a picture display device driven with an active matrix the voltage across the pixels (12) is accurately adjusted by discharging or charging the associated capacitances, if necessary, first to beyond the transition range (17) in the transmission/voltage characteristic.