Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that has good reliability and can inhibit an image sticking phenomenon even when a comparatively low temperature is set for baking the alignment layer, and a method for manufacturing such a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device of the prevent invention includes a configuration in which a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and includes an alignment layer on a surface of at least one of the substrates on the liquid crystal layer side thereof. The alignment layer is obtained by performing an aligning treatment by light irradiation on a layer formed using an alignment layer material including a first constituent material and a second constituent material. The first constituent material demonstrates a property of controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under light irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device capable of reducing the probability of image sticking. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates. At least one of the substrates includes an alignment film and a polymer layer on the alignment film. The polymer layer includes monomer units derived from at least two species of polymerizable monomers. The at least two species of polymerizable monomers include at least two species of monomers selected from the group consisting of: specific polyfunctional monomers and specific monofunctional monomers.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal between substrates and alignment layers disposed on the inner surface sides of the substrates. The alignment layer is made from a material including polyamic acid containing a diamine component and polyimide containing a diamine component different from the diamine component of the polyamic acid. The alignment layer is subjected to alignment treatment by irradiation of light. UV light can be irradiated in the oblique direction onto the alignment layer through a mask having openings. A reflecting plate can be arranged between a UV light source and the mask. Also, bank structures having a thickness from 0.1 to 0.15 ?m can be provided on the alignment layer of the TFT substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, an electrode and an alignment layer formed on each of the substrates, and a liquid crystal filled between the pair of substrates. The alignment layer of one of the pair of substrates is treated so that the alignment layer is divided into a plurality of stripe regions including a first stripe region and a second stripe region adjacent to the first stripe region, the first and second stripe regions extending parallel to each other and forming a first boundary therebetween. A direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the first stripe region is opposite to a direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the second stripe region, and directions of alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the first and second stripe regions are parallel to the first boundary. A shading layer is provided to cover the first boundary.

Abstract: Self-compensating, quasi-homeotropic liquid crystal devices overcome the contrast reducing effects of smaller pretilt angles. The devices exhibit extremely high contrast ratio but at the same time suppress fringe field-induced disclination lines in high pixel density and small pixel size quasi-homeotropic displays. The surface pretilt and cell twist angles are set at values that, in combination, contribute to establishing a cuspate singularity in the contrast ratio for normally incident light in response to a drive signal switching the liquid crystal device to the OFF director field state that provides nearly 0% optical efficiency. The OFF director field state corresponds to a subthreshold drive level that provides for the liquid crystal device self-compensation for in-plane optical retardation.

Abstract: A transmission-reflection combination type liquid crystal display device (100) according to the present invention includes a rear substrate (120) including an alignment film (126); a front substrate (140) including an alignment film (146); a liquid crystal layer (160) provided between the rear substrate (120) and the front substrate (140); and alignment sustaining layers (130, 150) respectively provided on the alignment films (126, 146) of the rear substrate (120) and the front substrate (140), both on the liquid crystal layer (160) side. The alignment sustaining layers (130, 150) are formed of a polymerization product obtained as a result of polymerization of a photopolymerizable compound. The liquid crystal layer (160) contains a liquid crystal compound (162) and the photopolymerizable compound (164) having a concentration of 0.045 wt. % or higher and 0.060 wt. % or less in the liquid crystal layer (160).

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: To provide: a production method of a liquid crystal display device, the production method being capable of efficiently and stably providing alignment treatment for an alignment film of the liquid crystal display device, in which a plurality of domains is formed in a pixel region; and an exposure device for alignment treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a light illuminating unit for emitting partially polarized light having an anisotropic illuminance distribution onto a polarizing device. The light illuminating unit includes: a light generator to emit light having an anisotropic illuminance distribution; and a polarizing device to receive light from the light generator.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has first and second substrates. A first electrode on the first substrate is alignment-treated and a second electrode on the second substrate is alignment-treated. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Alignment-treating includes forming an alignment direction. The alignment direction of the first and second substrates is formed by irradiating an ion beam onto the first and second electrodes using an ion beam irradiation apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of electrodes is provided on one of a plurality of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween and liquid crystal molecules configuring the liquid crystal layer are driven by an electric field generated between the pair of electrodes, wherein the one substrate has an alignment film which contacts the liquid crystal layer to regulate an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules and is provided so as to cover at least one of the pair of electrodes, and wherein the thickness of the alignment film is larger than that of at least one of the electrodes contacting the alignment film.

Abstract: To provide: a production method of a liquid crystal display device, the production method being capable of efficiently and stably providing alignment treatment for an alignment film of the liquid crystal display device, in which a plurality of domains is formed in a pixel region; and an exposure device for alignment treatment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal disposed between a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate, a first electrode and second electrode which overlie the first transparent substrate and which are used to drive the liquid crystal, one or more layers overlying the first electrode, and one or more layers overlying the second electrode. The correlation between layers disposed between the first electrode and the liquid crystal agrees with the correlation between layers disposed between the second electrode and the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film capable of forming a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in evenness; and a liquid crystal display device. The present invention provides a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the composition comprises: a material for forming a liquid crystal alignment film; diethylene glycol diethyl ether; diisobutyl ketone; and at least one of ?-butyrolactone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvents.

Abstract: To provide a production method of a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, in which generation of a joint line on a display screen is suppressed and yield can be improved even if a substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment by completing exposure for the substrate through several exposures in a liquid crystal display device including pixels each having two or more domains.

Abstract: An alignment-treating method including a first irradiation step of conducting an alignment-treating for realizing an alignment of liquid crystals in a predetermined azimuth direction on a alignment layer of a substrate by obliquely irradiating the substrate with ultraviolet rays, and a second irradiation step of conducting an alignment-treating for realizing an alignment of liquid crystals in an azimuth direction different from the predetermined azimuth direction by obliquely irradiating a region of the substrate where ultraviolet ray irradiation has not been conducted in the first irradiation step with ultraviolet rays in an azimuth direction 180° different from an azimuth direction of ultraviolet ray irradiation in the first irradiation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method including; disposing a thin film transistor having an input terminal and an output terminal on a first substrate, connecting a pixel electrode to the output terminal, disposing an organic layer on the pixel electrode, forming a first alignment layer having at least two different alignment directions by disposing a mask on the organic layer and radiating an ion beam to the organic layer, disposing a common electrode on a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate, forming a second alignment layer having at least two different alignment directions on the common electrode, and disposing a liquid crystal layer between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.

Abstract: Provided are an LCD capable of improving an image quality and an aperture ratio by uniform alignment of liquid crystal, and a method for fabricating the LCD. A first ion beam is irradiated onto an alignment layer formed on a substrate in a first direction, and a second ion beam is irradiated onto the alignment layer in a second direction that is symmetrical or asymmetrical to the first direction with respect to a line perpendicular to the substrate. Accordingly, the entire surface of the alignment layer can be uniformly aligned. Consequently, light leakage can be prevented and thus an image quality can be enhanced. Also, a black matrix margin can be reduced and an aperture ratio can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method for making a treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent includes the steps of: subjecting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride compound and a diamine compound to conduct a polymerization reaction to obtain an untreated polymer; preparing a co-precipitating solvent for the untreated polymer which includes a major amount of a poor solvent and a minor amount of a good solvent; and subjecting the untreated polymer to a treatment with the co-precipitating solvent such that at least a significant amount of a polymer fraction having a molecular weight not larger than 3,000 is removed from the untreated polymer to obtain the treated polymer. A treated polymer for a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment agent including the treated polymer, a liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal alignment film are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, first and second alignment films formed on respective ones of the substrates, at least one first projecting portion which is disposed between the first alignment film and one of the substrates, and at least one second projecting portion disposed between the second alignment film and the other of the substrates, facing the at least one first projecting portion. A height of the at least one first projecting portion is smaller than a height of the at least one second projecting portion, and an area of an upper surface of the at least one first projecting portion is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the at least one second projecting portion.

Abstract: The display device includes a pair of insulating substrates arranged so as to be opposed, a bonding layer, and a strain suppressing plate. The bonding layer is provided on the outer surface side of one insulating substrate. The strain suppressing plate has rigidity higher than that of the insulating substrate to suppress the strain caused by curving the insulating substrate. The strain suppressing plate is fixed to the insulating substrate by the bonding layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel 11 includes a pair of substrates 18, 19, liquid crystal 20 disposed between the substrates 18, 19, and alignment films 30, 36 provided on the opposed surfaces of the substrates 18, 19. After formation of the alignment film 30 or 36 is completed in a manufacturing process, it is checked by an inspection process whether a pinhole H is formed on the alignment film 30, 36, and further the position of the pinhole H is detected. Thereafter, an alignment film repair filler 50 is applied to the pinhole H by a repair process, so that the pinhole H is repaired.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device having a structure in which one surface of the alignment film contacts a liquid crystal layer, the other surface of the alignment film contacts an underlying layer, the refractive index of the alignment film monotonically increases in a film thickness direction of the alignment film from a boundary surface between the liquid crystal layer and the alignment film to a boundary surface between the underlying layer and the alignment film, and the minimum refractive index nLC of the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index nF2 of the alignment film at the boundary surface between the liquid crystal layer and the alignment film, the refractive index nF1 of the alignment film at the boundary surface between the alignment film and the underlying layer, and the refractive index nS2 of the underlying layer have a relationship of an equation (I) in which nLC?nF2<nF1?nS2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display used as a display section of an electronic apparatus and provides a liquid crystal display having high chromaticity characteristics and viewing angle characteristics. A configuration is employed which includes substrates having electrodes on respective surfaces thereof opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the substrates, and a pixel region including a low effective voltage area in which an effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal is lower than a voltage applied between the electrodes, the low effective voltage area occupying part of the region in a predetermined area ratio, the pixel region having a threshold voltage that varies between the low effective voltage area and another area.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a transflective type LCD device in which each of a transmissive area and a reflective area can be driven in an OCB mode, and it is possible to prevent lowering of transmittance and reflectance, and to prevent a pixel from darkening in a case where each of the transmissive area and the reflective area is driven in an OCB mode. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes, in each pixel (11), a single nucleus generation section for generating a bend nucleus for promoting a transition of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer into a bend alignment. Application of a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive area and the reflective area carries out a transition from a spray alignment into a bend alignment in response to an applied voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer sealed between a first substrate and a second substrate opposed to each other. Inner surfaces of the first and second substrates have been subjected to aligning treatment to splay-align liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal display further includes electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to generate an alignment transition electric field to cause the liquid crystal molecules to transit from splay alignment to bend alignment. The alignment transition electric field includes a vertical electric field in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, and a horizontal electric field in a direction parallel to the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates to twist the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates.

Abstract: To provide: a production method of a liquid crystal display device, the production method being capable of efficiently and stably providing alignment treatment for an alignment film of the liquid crystal display device, in which a plurality of domains is formed in a pixel region; and an exposure device for alignment treatment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device with which response characteristics are able to be easily improved without using major equipment is provided. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes steps of forming a first alignment film 22 including a polymer compound having a crosslinkable functional group as a side chain on one substrate of a pair of substrates 20 and 30; forming a second alignment film 32 on the other substrate of the pair of substrates 20 and 30; arranging the pair of substrates 20 and 30 so that the first alignment film 22 and the second alignment film 32 are opposed to each other, and sealing a liquid crystal layer 40 containing a liquid crystal molecule 41 having negative dielectric constant anisotropy between the first alignment film 22 and the second alignment film 32; and bridging the polymer compound to give pretilt to the liquid crystal molecule 41 after sealing the liquid crystal layer 40.

Abstract: In order to improve the state of image irregularities of a liquid crystal panel, a plasma treatment is performed for an alignment film using a treatment gas such as hydrogen and/or deuterium, or a surface treatment is performed in which an alignment film is immersed in deuterium oxide. As a result, moisture contained in the alignment film is removed, and re-adsorption of moisture is also suppressed, thereby reducing image irregularities.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal between substrates and alignment layers disposed on the inner surface sides of the substrates. The alignment layer is made from a material including polyamic acid containing a diamine component and polyimide containing a diamine component different from the diamine component of the polyamic acid. The alignment layer is subjected to alignment treatment by irradiation of light. UV light can be irradiated in the oblique direction onto the alignment layer through a mask having openings. A reflecting plate can be arranged between a UV light source and the mask. Also, bank structures having a thickness from 0.1 to 0.15 ?m can be provided on the alignment layer of the TFT substrate.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device with improved display quality in which the liquid initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer is in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of a clearance between the counter electrode of a transmission portion and a counter electrode of a reflection portion or in a direction within a range of ±2° in the clockwise direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the clearance in a case where the liquid crystal layer comprises positive type liquid crystals, or the liquid crystal initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer is in a direction parallel with the extending direction of a clearance, or a direction within a range of ±2° in the clockwise direction relative to the extending direction of the clearance in a case where the liquid crystal layer comprises negative type liquid crystals.

Abstract: The present invention lowers leaking of light at the time of performing a black display of VA-type liquid crystal display device and, at the same time, prevents lowering of a numerical aperture. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal display panel which sandwiches a liquid crystal material between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a second substrate having a counter electrode, the second substrate includes an orientation control projection which is formed by forming a conductive film on the second substrate, by forming an insulation film on the conductive film and, thereafter, by patterning the insulation film, and a light shielding layer which is formed by patterning the conductive film using the orientation control projection as a mask.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that has an excellent mass-productivity and gives an image improved by the reduction of the chromaticity difference between white display and black display, the reduction of coloring and luminance in black display, and the improvement of the contrast ratio. In the present invention, of a pair of alignment films 131 and 132 formed on a pair of substrates 101 and 102, respectively, the alignment film 132 formed on the glass substrate 102 on the observer side is made of a material obtained by adding a photoisomerized compound to a photosensitive polymer and has anisotropic absorption all over the visible light wavelength region (approximately 400 nm to 750 nm).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a sealant coupling the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the liquid crystal layer; a display signal line arranged on the first substrate and including an end portion; and a first spacer disposed between the end portion of the display signal line and the sealant. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules exhibiting a pretilt alignment with respect to the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device 700 includes a pair of substrates, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer 490 provided between the pair of substrates, and electrodes 481 and 485 for applying a voltage to the vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer 490. At least one of the pair of substrates has a rugged structure on a surface which is in contact with the vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer. The surface having the rugged structure formed thereon has a region in which the height of the rugged structure varies along a first direction with a first period and varies along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction with a second period different from the first period. The first period is no less than 0.1 ?m and no more than 10 ?m, and the second period is no less than 0.1 ?m and no more than 10 ?m. The vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer 490 has a pretilt due to the rugged structure with no voltage applied thereacross.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a display panel, a first alignment member is formed on a first substrate. Liquid crystal is sealed between the first substrate and a second substrate opposite to the first substrate. Then, an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal to align the liquid crystal. Ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the first alignment member to form a second alignment member while applying the electric field to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A roll printing device, a roll printing method, and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using the same. The roll printing device includes a dispenser; an anilox roll to receive a designated material dispensed by the dispenser; a printing roll engaged with the anilox roll to rotate with the printing roll to receive the designated material supplied from the anilox roll; and a substrate stage fixed below the printing roll for mounting a substrate. The printing roll is movable on the substrate stage to deposit the designated material on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a first irradiation step for realizing alignment of liquid crystals in a first azimuth direction on a first alignment layer by obliquely irradiating the first substrate, a second irradiation step for realizing alignment of liquid crystals in a second azimuth direction by obliquely irradiating a region of the first substrate where irradiation has not been conducted in the first irradiation step with rays in an azimuth direction that is 180 degrees different from an azimuth direction of irradiation in the first irradiation step, a third irradiation step for realizing alignment of liquid crystals in a third azimuth direction on a second alignment layer by obliquely irradiating the second substrate, and a sticking step of sticking together the first and second substrates such that the first azimuth direction and the third azimuth direction are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, first and second alignment films formed on respective ones of the substrates, at least one first projecting portion which is disposed between the first alignment film and one of the substrates, and at least one second projecting portion disposed between the second alignment film and the other of the substrates, facing the at least one first projecting portion. A height of the at least one first projecting portion is smaller than a height of the at least one second projecting portion, and an area of an upper surface of the at least one first projecting portion is smaller than an area of an upper surface of the at least one second projecting portion.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer arranged between the pair of substrates; an electrode group formed on at least one of the pair of substrates, for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer; and an alignment control film arranged on at least one of the pair of substrates, in which the alignment control film is made of a polyimide and a polyimide precursor, and the polyimide and the polyimide precursor have an aromatic ring and a cross-linking moiety in the main chain in chemical structure, are free from a side chain component having 2 or more carbon atoms in the aromatic ring, contain a cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a raw material, and are irradiated with light that has been substantially linearly polarized to provide an alignment regulating force.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided, having one or several display segments, a first display substrate, a second display substrate, a layer of liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second substrate; and layer of conductive material disposed on the substrates. The conductive layers form electrodes for applying an electric field across the liquid crystal for switching the liquid crystal material between a first optical state and a second optical state different from the first optical state. Image features of the display are further defined by the inclusion of a layer of patterned non-conductive or passive dielectric material on at least one of the substrates, the patterned material forming a mask defining image elements of the display segments.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a first alignment layer formed on one substrate and a second alignment layer formed on the other substrate, and a plurality of pixels, each having four different alignment regions. The first alignment layer is treated to define two different pretilt directions for the liquid crystal molecules within the four alignment regions, wherein the two different pretilt directions are opposite each other and both extend in a generally parallel direction to a first boundary defined between two regions in which the two different pretilt directions are defined, and said second alignment layer defines another two different pretilt directions within the four alignment regions, wherein the two different pretilt directions are opposite each other and both extend in a generally parallel direction to a second boundary defined between two regions in which the another two different pretilt directions are defined.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a display device is provided. Firstly, an active device array substrate having an active surface is provided. Next, a first patterned photoresist layer is formed on the active surface. Then, a first alignment layer is obliquely vapor-deposited on the active surface and the first patterned photoresist layer, wherein the active surface comprises at least a first undeposited area located beside an edge of the first patterned photoresist layer. A first alignment unit is formed by removing the first patterned photoresist layer and a portion of the first alignment layer located thereon. A sealant is directly formed on the active surface of the active device array substrate and surrounds the first alignment unit. An opposite substrate having a light transmissive surface is provided. After that, the active device array substrate and the opposite substrate are assembled. A display device is also provided.

Abstract: A superior reflex type vertically-aligned liquid crystal display device wherein the refractive index anisotropy ?n of its liquid crystal material is controlled to be more than 0.1, and the transmissivity of the liquid crystal is saturated with facility at a low voltage below 6V despite a reduction of the thickness of the vertically-aligned liquid crystal layer to less than 2 ?m, hence achieving satisfactory driving at a practically low voltage while attaining another advantage of remarkable improvement in the transmissivity itself. Therefore, the display device indicates a sufficient transmissivity, an excellent low-voltage driving characteristic and a fast response. Further improvements are realizable in a display apparatus, a projection optical system and a projection display system by the use of such display device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display in which a polymeric component included in a liquid crystal layer is polymerized while adjusting a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during polymerization and a method of manufacturing the same. The invention provides a liquid crystal display in which image sticking is mitigated and a method of manufacturing the same. In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal composition including a polymeric component that is optically or thermally polymerized is sealed between substrates and in which the polymeric component is polymerized while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition to regulate the direction of alignment of liquid crystal molecules during driving, a configuration is employed such that a polymerization initiator in the liquid crystal composition has a concentration x that satisfies 0?x?0.002 (% by weight).

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for fabricating an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays, capable of shortening process time, preventing scratches of alignment layers and decreasing black luminance. The method includes coating an alignment agent on a substrate, arranging a nano pattern mold with a groove and a protrusion to contact the alignment agent, pre-curing the alignment agent, separating the nano pattern mold from the alignment agent, and hard-curing the alignment agent separated from the nano pattern mold to form an alignment layer.

Abstract: Work is irradiated with polarized light generated by configuring in such a manner as to have a polarizer using a grating that separates polarized light from non-polarized light, a lamp and a condenser mirror that allow light to fall on the polarizer, a collimator lens that converts the incoming light into parallel beams, an integrator lens that uniformizes intensity distribution of light radiated from the polarizer, and a diffusion lens with functions to enlarge or contract the irradiated range to the work size, and by forming protrusions and recesses of the shape, material, and size that fit to the desired wavelength on a substrate such as quartz, etc. that transmit ultraviolet light, and by providing the light-polarizing performance by appropriately providing an incident angle. By carrying out this processing, the alignment film in the liquid crystal display element can be photo-aligned at high accuracy and uniformly.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display panel includes: a sealant arranging step of arranging a sealant on a main surface of one of or each of two substrates to be bonded to each other; a liquid crystal dropping step of dropping liquid crystal on one of the two substrates; and a bonding step of bonding the two substrates to each other, wherein the method further includes: to be performed prior to the liquid crystal dropping step, a deaerating step of arranging in a pressure-reduced atmosphere at least a substrate on which the liquid crystal is to be dropped out of the two substrates; and, to be performed prior to the bonding step, a releasing step of releasing the pressure-reduced atmosphere by an inert gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal device wherein the surface profile of a surface alignment grating stabilizes at least one stable state. The invention involves the introduction or breaks (34, 36, 38) or discontinuities into the grating (10) to divide the grating into a plurality of groove segments. The breaks are discontinuities in the grating in the groove direction, the grating having substantially the same groove direction on each side of the break. The introduction of breaks prevent free movement of defects along the groove of the grating and therefore help to stabilize the desired liquid crystal configuration, either a Defect state or a Continuous state. Suitable breaks involve gaps (34) in the groove ridges (30), necks (36) between the groove ridges (30) and slips or relative displacement (38) of the grating.