Abstract: A remote sensing angle gauge includes a sensor responding to physical stimulus and transmitting a resulting impulse for measuring an angle, and a user interface separate and remote from said sensor and in communication with said sensor unit. The user interface receives a signal from the resulting impulse of said sensor unit, and determines the angle measurement according to the received signal from said sensor unit and inputted data from said interface unit. The inputted data by a user includes an offset and orientation of the sensor. The gauge can be zeroed before initiating the measurement. The sensor can be connected to the user interface through a detachable electrical connection. The sensor can include an adaptor accommodating a detachable and adjustable connection to an area being measured. The results of the measurement on the user interface can be remotely monitored, while measuring the angle with the sensor.

Abstract: There is provided a solar powered light intensity measurement device which includes one or more photovoltaic cells, one or more resistors and one or more light emitting diodes. The one or more photovoltaic cells convert light to electricity, the output corresponding to the intensity of incident light. Electrically activated from the photovoltaic cells, through the one or more resistors, the light emitting diodes emit a signal color, further corresponding to their electrical activation and hence to the intensity of light incident upon the one or more photovoltaic cells. The signal color is compared to reference color or chart for use in determining the relevant light intensity. In one embodiment, the device further includes an analog switch.

Abstract: Provided is a detection method and device for analyzing trace substance of interest in a short time and with high accuracy without the need of performing any treatment for binding a fluorescent substance to the substance of interest or using any large apparatus. The substance of interest is detected by being immobilizing on a surface of any one of a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, a luminescent layer, a buffer layer, and inside surfaces of electrodes for an organic electroluminescent device based on a change in at least one luminescent property selected from luminescence intensity, luminous efficiency, and emission spectrum of the organic electroluminescent device before and after the immobilization of the substance of interest.

Abstract: In a first aspect according to the invention there is provided a sensing system 100, suitable for sensing the stage of processing of a wafer 200, said sensing system 100 comprising receiving means 110 in the form of a first photosensitive device 110a and a second photosensitive device 110b, detector 120, a comparator 130 and a control system in the form of a programmable logic controller (PLC) 140. The first photosensitive device 110a receives light from the wafer 200, while the second photosensitive device 110b receives ambient light. The light received by the first photosensitive device 110a can be incident ambient light reflected off the surface of the wafer 200, refracted light radiating through the wafer 200, filtered light radiating through the wafer 200 or translucent light radiating through the wafer 200. It is further envisaged that the received light may be filtered through filters (not shown) before being received by the photosensitive devices 110a&b.

Abstract: A mirror is provided with a light source window and an illumination window each establishing communicative connection between an inner face side and an outer side of a hemispherical unit. The light source window is an opening to which a light source OBJ to be measured is attached mainly. The illumination window is an opening for guiding a flux of light from a correcting light source used for measurement of self-absorption toward the inner face of the hemispherical unit. A self-absorption correcting coefficient of the light source OBJ is calculated based on an illuminance by a correcting flux of light in a case where the light source to be measured OBJ in a non-light emitting state is attached to the light source window and an illuminance by a correcting flux of light in a case where a calibration mirror is attached to the light source window.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection device for identifying objects in a material stream, preferably a cullet stream. The device comprises several light sources, which emit light in a rectilinear manner, preferably diode light sources and which are combined to form at least one optical emitter, at least one receiver that contains a lens system and a photoelectric cell, in addition to a detection section, which is located between the emitter and the receiver and is traversed by the material stream. The aim of the invention is to provide a detection device, which eliminates to a great extent the error sources that are inherent in optical lens systems. To achieve this, the light sources of an emitter are directed onto the area of intersection of the optical axis of the lens system with the lens system of the receiver that is assigned to the emitter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining intensities and peak wavelengths of light. The apparatus comprises one or more pairs of sensing units for sensing the light, a first sensing unit of a pair configured to sense a first intensity of the light in a first predetermined wavelength range with a first predetermined spectral responsivity and a second sensing unit of a pair configured to sense a second intensity of the light in the first predetermined wavelength range with a second predetermined spectral responsivity. The apparatus further comprises a processing system operatively connected to the one or more pairs of sensing units; the processing system configured to determine the intensity and peak wavelength for each of the one or more predetermined wavelength ranges of the light according to one or more predetermined functional relationships between each of the first intensity and second integral.

Abstract: A light intensity detecting device is provided to detect a light intensity according to pulse duration of a pulse signal without being affected by noise, including: a time measuring unit for measuring an elapsed time period of the pulse signal that has been raised; a signal state discriminating unit for obtaining a state of the pulse signal; a sampling unit for directing the signal state discriminating unit to obtain the state at a sampling interval corresponding to the elapsed time period; and a falling detecting unit for detecting the pulse signal that has been fallen when a fallen state of the pulse signal is successively obtained for two times. When the fallen pulse signal is detected, the sampling unit directs the signal state discriminating unit to obtain the state of the pulse signal at a time point, which is output as the pulse duration of the pulse signal.

Abstract: A photometer is provided with modular lighting units wherein each lighting unit includes one or more light emitters. A user may select a desired lighting unit and install it within a photometer base unit, and thereafter activate one or more of the emitters (which may emit light of different wavelengths) to illuminate a specimen. The light provided by the specimen in response can then be captured at a detector, and analyzed to provide an indication of the specimen's characteristics. Different lighting units may optionally include one or more input light adapters (filters or polarizers which modify the light provided by the emitter(s) to the specimen), and/or one or more output light adapters (filters or polarizers which modify the light provided by the specimen to the detector). Users may therefore select lighting units with emitters and light adapters which are particularly suited for detection/analysis of particular specimens and/or components therein.

Abstract: A color filter with low color shift is defined by a light leakage spectrum in the dark state. The color filter is disposed between two polarizing plates so as to measure a first spectrum of dark state a(?), wherein the polarizing directions of the polarizers are orthogonal to each other. A second spectrum of dark state b(?) while the color filter is removed, and then a ratio spectrum of light leakage intensity I(?)=(a(?)/b(?)) is determined. A maximum value P1 in the ratio spectrum of light leakage intensity is determined in a wavelength region in which the ratio spectrum of light leakage intensity of green photoresist overlaps that of a blue photoresist. A maximum value P2 in the ratio spectrum of light leakage intensity is determined in a wavelength region in which the ratio spectrum of light leakage intensity of red photoresist locates.

Abstract: A inspection device for inspecting coated transparent components includes an opaque container, a light source and a light intensity detector. The opaque container has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. A retaining portion is formed in the opaque container and positioned between the first and second ends and configured to retain the coated transparent components. The light source is positioned on the first end and configured to emit light passing through the coated transparent components. The light intensity detector is positioned on the second end and configured to detect the intensity of light transmitted through the coated transparent components to the light intensity detector, and calculate a light transmission rate.

Abstract: Processes and systems for detecting a shot by a projectile weapon are disclosed. Data is obtained along at least two different axes for use in determining whether a shot has taken place based on an evaluation by a processor. In certain embodiments, multiple detection systems are positioned on a weapons platform mounting multiple projectile weapons, and each is configured to detect only a shot by a respective one of the projectile weapons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for displaying an information carrier to passers-by in the vicinity, in particular a carrier on which advertising information is visible, comprising: —a stationary support; —an elongate post arranged on the support; —a carrier which is to be provided with the information to be displayed; —translating means for translating the information carrier reciprocally in longitudinal direction along the post; —rotating means for rotating the information carrier relative to the stationary support.

Abstract: A system having a multiple-mirror ring-down cavity with one mirror where light may be input into the cavity and light from the cavity may be detected. A valve may permit light to enter or not to enter the cavity. An amplifier may be connected to a detector for detecting light from the cavity. The amplifier may be off or set at a low gain when light is entering the cavity and be on at a medium or high gain at a time when light is not entering the cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for optically monitoring the progression of a physical and/or chemical process taking place on a surface of a body in which the surface radiation which emanates from part of the surface during the physical and/or chemical process, is measured with the aid of a measuring device, in particular a sensor. In order to develop a method of this kind such that sintering processes can also be monitored in a firing furnace having thermal radiation equilibrium, the invention proposes to emit the radiation (14) having a radiation spectrum that differs from the surface radiation, to the surface (10) by means of a radiation source (15) and to measure the radiation with the aid of a measuring device (16).

Abstract: A light measurement method is provided comprising: determining one or more correction factors for at least one image capture device, using the image capture device to receive light output from at least one source of illumination, obtaining an output from the image capture device which corresponds to the light output of the source of illumination, and applying the or each correction factor to the output of the image capture device to obtain one or more substantially absolute measure of the light output of the source of illumination. A light measurement apparatus is also provided to carry out the light measurement method.

Abstract: A testing method of a wavelength-tunable laser having a resonator including wavelength selection portions having wavelength property different from each other includes a first step of controlling the wavelength-tunable laser so as to oscillate at a given wavelength according to an initial setting value, a second step of tuning the wavelength property of the wavelength selection portions and detecting discontinuity point of gain-condition-changing of the wavelength-tunable laser, and a third step of obtaining a stable operating point of the wavelength selection portion according to a limiting point of an oscillation condition at the given wavelength, the limiting point being a point when the discontinuity point is detected.

Abstract: Uncaging devices that can be used to uncage photoactivatable caged components are provided. Consistent, uniform and/or high throughput processing of reactions and assays that include caged components is provided. Masked multiwell plates that can be used for uncaging photoactivatable caged components are provided. Methods and apparatus for initiating assays involving caged components are provided.

Abstract: An light-emitting diode (LED) meter capable of analog presentations is disclosed. The LED meter includes an LED and a reflective object. The reflective object is capable of reflecting light emitted from the LED. The reflective object is also capable of being moved to and for along a path. The LED meter also includes means for selectively enabling the LED to emit light continuously for a duration that is proportional to a magnitude of measurement.

Abstract: Method and systems related to obstructing a first predefined portion of at least one defined wavelength of light incident upon a first photo-detector array; and detecting the at least one defined wavelength of light with a photo-detector in a second photo-detector array.

Abstract: A device has various arrangements of source and detector sensors. In specific implementations, the device has at least four structures, one source and three detectors, two sources and two detectors, and other arrangement variations. In a specific implementation, between a source structure and a detector structure, there are not any other intervening sensor structures. The device may be part of a medical device that is used to monitor or measure oxygen saturation levels in a tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light measuring device 34, in particular for dental light curing devices, for detecting the illumination intensity of a light source 19, which is arranged, in particular, in the light curing device, to which a light guiding device, in particular, having a light exit surface 21 at its outlet, is connected, the light measuring device 34 having at least four measurement fields 38 distributed in two dimensions.

Abstract: A probe for a medical device with source and detector sensors is used to monitor or measure, or both, oxygen saturation levels in a tissue. In various specific implementations, the probe has at least two sources and at least one detector, at least one source and at least two detectors, and at least two sources and at least four detectors. A source of the probe is connected to at least one radiation source, which is external to the probe. A detector of the probe is connected to a photodetector, which is external to the probe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for analyzing a dry-chemical test element, in particular an immunological test element, wherein, in the method, a dry-chemical test element is analyzed by optical scanning, whereby measurement light beams leaving assay regions of the test element, which are loaded with one or more immobilized optically active substances, with a respective measurement light intensity are detected by a detector device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring stray light in a lithographic apparatus are described using Radiometric Kirk Test (also known as Scanning SAMOS Test). The Radiometric Kirk Test of the present invention involves a test pattern having an isolated dark area within a much larger bright field. The radiometric Kirk test includes at least two continuous or stepped scans of an aperture of a detector in an image plane of a lithographic system. During a dark area measurement, the aperture of the detector is positioned such that at least at one point the aperture of the detector is centered within an image of the dark area. During a bright area measurement, the aperture of the detector is positioned within the image of the bright field. The integrated detector signal is correspondingly computed for the dark area measurement and the bright area measurement.

Abstract: An object is placed at a particular distance away from the nonreflecting side of a mirror, such that the gravitational force of the object affects the mirror. A laser is then pointed at the opposite, reflecting side of the mirror, thereby itself reflecting off the mirror and going back in to the cavity of the laser, creating a mode-hopping effect. The mirror will be affected by three forces, the force of a spring (FS), the force of a modulating signal (FMS), created by an electro mechanical device attached to the mirror, and the gravitational force of objects as they approach and recede away from the mirror.

Abstract: An object is placed at a particular distance away from the nonreflecting side of a mirror, such that the gravitational force of the object affects the mirror. A laser is then pointed at the opposite, reflecting side of the mirror, thereby itself reflecting off the mirror and going back in to the cavity of the laser, creating a mode-hopping effect. The mirror will be affected by three forces, the force of a spring (FS), the force of a modulating signal (FMS), created by an electro mechanical device attached to the mirror, and the gravitational force of objects as they approach and recede away from the mirror.

Abstract: A radiometer sensor includes a target plate and a micro-mechanical spring which supports the target plate above a base support. This construction allows for displacement of the target plate in a direction perpendicular to the base support in response to radiation which is received by a top surface of the target plate. The sensor is enclosed within a housing that defines a sealed interior chamber within which a vacuum has been drawn. The target plate preferably is non-deformable in response to received radiation. Capacitive or piezoelectric sensors are provided to detect the displacement of the target plate, and the measured displacement is correlated to determine a received radiation level. Radiometer sensor output signals are quantized and signal processed so as to make a radiation level determination.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exposure apparatus comprising an illumination optical system configured to illuminate an original with light from a light source, a projection optical system configured to project a pattern image of the original onto a substrate, an optical integrator configured to form a pupil plane of the illumination optical system on an exit surface of the optical integrator, a first light-shielding unit and a second light-shielding unit each of which includes a plurality of light-shielding plates configured to shield certain components of the light from the light source, and a driving unit configured to drive the plurality of light-shielding plates.

Abstract: A stored light intensity measurement device capable of measuring an afterglow intensity from a light storing sign in a simple way, even if the light storing sign is provided on walls or risers of stairs in facilities or underground shopping mall. The stored light intensity measurement device comprising the light measuring unit configured o measure afterglow from a part of a light storing section on a light storing sign, and calculation means for calculating an afterglow intensity from the light storing sign based on the measured results.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for the direct measurement of a vertical intensity profile through a plane of focus along an illuminating beam, a determination of a depth of the focal plane and a maximum intensity of the intensity profile. The assembly includes a plurality of focusing indicia fixed relative to a substrate, the focusing indicia being distributed at different locations along the illuminating beam. The focusing indicia are configured to be illuminated with an intensity corresponding to the position relative to the plane of focus along the axis of the illuminating beam. The location of the respective focusing indicia can be predetermined, such as along a given scale at a given inclination of the scale and the path of the illuminating beam, or not initially known and subsequently determined.

Abstract: The invention comprises a real-time stroboscopic acquisition protocol for a measurement of the fluorescence decay and a method and apparatus for real-time calculation of the fluorescence lifetime from that measurement.

Abstract: An optical sensing module is adapted to be assembled to a frame of a display device. The display device comprises a display module and the frame, and the display module has a display area and the frame surrounds the display area. The optical sensing module comprises a casing and an optical sensor. The casing is pivoted to the frame and the optical sensor is configured in the casing for sensing external light projecting on a side of the casing. The optical sensor is capable of sensing a brightness of the display area when the side of the casing faces the display area and sensing a brightness of an ambient light when the side of the casing doesn't face the display area.

Abstract: A system for testing a lighting diode includes one or more nozzles, a probe, and a detector, where the lighting diode is operable to emit light in response to a current. The one or more nozzles direct a cooling fluid towards the lighting diode. The probe applies a current to the lighting diode. The detector detects the light emitted by the lighting diode in response to the current.

Abstract: A goniophotometer includes two independent towers: a main support tower and an upright mirror tower. A swing arm is connected to the main support tower and can be rotated around a main horizontal axis. An elliptic flat rotation mirror, a first detector and a second detector are fixed to the swing arm. A test light source that is also connected to the main support tower can be rotated around a vertical axis. An upright round mirror is connected to the upright mirror tower. A far-field measurement can be achieved when a light beam from the test light source travels into the rotation mirror then is reflected to the upright mirror, and then is reflected by the upright mirror to the first detector. A near field measurement is achieved when the second detector receives a test light beam directly form the test light source.

Abstract: A position detector is for detecting a position of liquid held in a vessel. The position detector includes a sound wave generator disposed in contact with the vessel and having a plurality of sound generating elements for generating a sound wave by electrical energy; and a measuring unit that measures electrical characteristics of each of the sound generating elements based on the electrical energy reflected from each of the sound generating elements. The position detector also includes a determining unit that determines the presence or absence of the liquid at a position of each of the sound generating elements based on difference in the electrical characteristics measured at the measuring unit.

Abstract: An analyte reading system which includes a reader unit for rapidly detecting and evaluating the outcome of an assay to measure the presence of analytes in a sample. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of analyte concentration in a sample may be rapidly obtained using the reader device with algorithms which ascertain the nature of the assay and perform a comparison against a calibration sample. The reader device scans preset areas of an assay device in order to provide focal points for the reader device and evaluate the volume of the test sample in the assay device. The reading portion of the assay slide has at least one test dot for detecting the presence of the analyte and the signal intensity of the labelled analyte, and processes the detected signal using an algorithm which provides an accurate output measurement indicating the quantity of the analyte in the test sample.

Abstract: This invention comprises the means for the capture of full spectrum images in an electronic camera without the use of color primary filters to limit the spectral color gamut of the captured image. The fundamental principle of the invention is that each pixel of the image sensor acts as an independent spectrophotometer and spectral separator. Electromagnetic energy enters though a slit or collimating optic. Electromagnetic energy gets diffracted into component spectra by diffraction grating spectrophotometer for each pixel of image Electromagnetic energy leaves diffraction grating at different angles based on wavelength of the energy Spectrophotometer separates light for each pixel into its spectral components onto photodetector line array elements. Individual line array elements which are activated determine the original radiance level of the light source containing that specific wavelength region. The sum of these regions determines the spectral signature of the light at that pixel element.

Abstract: To increase the direct light received by the detector and decrease reflections from the detection component support structures, the luminescent substance is placed as close to the detector as possible. More specifically, the apparatus is configured so as to slide out a structure shielding the detector from light and at the same time slide in the vessel containing the luminescent substance therein until the vessel comes right under the detector. The invention can detect trace luminescence from a small-volume sample by maximizing the amount of direct light received from the sample and minimizing the decay of indirect light received from the sample attributable to interactions with the vessel for containing the sample therein, the structure for collecting light, and the structure for supporting other detection components.

Abstract: An optical observation instrument, in particular a spectacle, a reading aid or a telescope, comprises an optical element, in particular a spectacle lens, adapted to be controllably adjustable in its refractive power, a sensor, and a control unit for adjusting the refractive power as a function of signals from the sensor. The sensor is a brightness sensor. In a method of controllably adjusting a refractive power of an optical element in an optical observation instrument an optical parameter is captured by means of a sensor and the refractive power is adjusted as a function of a signal from the sensor. By means of the sensor the brightness of the light impinging on the optical instrument is captured.

Abstract: A multichannel fluorosensor includes an optical module and an electronic module combined in a watertight housing with an underwater connector. The fluorosensor has an integral calibrator for periodical sensitivity validation of the fluorosensor. The optical module has one or several excitation channels and one or several emission channels that use a mutual focusing system. To increase efficiency, the excitation and emission channels each have a micro-collimator made with one or more ball lenses. Each excitation channel has a light emitting diode and an optical filter. Each emission channel has a photodiode with a preamplifier and an optical filter. The electronic module connects directly to the optical module and includes a lock-in amplifier, a power supply and a controller with an A/D converter and a connector. The calibrator provides a response proportional to the excitation intensity, and matches with spectral parameter of fluorescence for the analyzed fluorescent substance.

Abstract: Inspection systems, circuits and methods are provided to enhance defect detection by addressing anode saturation as a limiting factor of the measurement detection range of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method for inspecting a specimen includes directing light to the specimen and detecting light scattered from the specimen. The step of detecting may include monitoring an anode current of the PMT detector, and detecting features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen using the anode current until the anode current reaches a predetermined threshold. Thereafter, the method may use a dynode current of the PMT for detecting the features, defects or light scattering properties of the specimen.

Abstract: For controlling exposure in a camera, first and second brightness levels of first and second areas of a captured image are determined. First and second weight values for the first and second brightness levels are determined with an increase of the first weight value for a higher difference between the first and second brightness levels. Exposure control data is generated from the first and second weight values and the first and second brightness levels.

Abstract: A light returning target for a photometer. The light returning target comprises a ball lens, and a cradle. The cradle has a hemispherical receptacle in which the lens is intimately received. Preferably, the lens is formed of fused silica, the receptacle is polished sufficiently to reflect, more than it scatters, light, and at least the surface of the receptacle is formed of a material that absorbs, more than it reflects, light.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the concept to detect the noise which is generated when a laser pulse of the excimer laser hits on a reference material. In particular where the laser pulse of an excimer laser hits on a reference material the radiation ablates a corresponding volume of the reference material by photodecomposition. The ablated volume of material which is proportional to the pulse energy applied to the reference material can be determined based on measuring the acoustic shock wave resulting from the ablation. The reference material is preferably a plate made of a material erodable by an excimer laser, more preferably a plate made of plastics and most preferably PMMA.

Abstract: The invention relates to an analysis system for analysing a sample on an analytical test element. The analysis system comprises a measuring module for carrying out measurements on the sample on the analytical test element and an optical module which comprises a lens and a diaphragm by which the light can be focused. The lens and the diaphragm of the optical module are combined as one piece in a multi-component injection-molded part.

Abstract: A system for testing a lighting diode includes one or more nozzles, a probe, and a detector, where the lighting diode is operable to emit light in response to a current. The one or more nozzles direct a cooling fluid towards the lighting diode. The probe applies a current to the lighting diode. The detector detects the light emitted by the lighting diode in response to the current.

Abstract: This invention allows measuring the spectral state of an object more accurately even at low luminance, and implementing high-precision focus detection. A photometry apparatus includes a diffusing optical member which is inserted in the optical path of a photographing lens and has a diffusing surface, and a light unit which receives diffused light having passed through the diffusing surface, and has a first light receiving portion, and a second light receiving portion whose receivable light energy is smaller than that of the first light receiving portion. The first and second light receiving portions are so arranged as to make the parallax of the second light receiving portion with respect to the optical axis of the photographing lens smaller than that of the first light receiving portion.

Abstract: An light-emitting diode (LED) meter capable of analog presentations is disclosed. The LED meter includes an LED and a reflective object. The reflective object is capable of reflecting light emitted from the LED. The reflective object is also capable of being moved to and fro along a path. The LED meter also includes means for selectively enabling the LED to emit light continuously for a duration that is proportional to a magnitude of measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed examples of optical systems having a plurality of light sources with each source having a different spectral outputs may be calibrated by measuring a spectral characteristic of the combined light with two measurements, e.g., one from a colorimeter and one from a sensor included in the system. Accordingly, one can determine a transform function in response to the two measures that models a feedback response of the optical system for each of a plurality of the inputs that would cause the optical system to generate radiant energy within a predetermined range of a spectrum. In order to calibrate the optical system, the transform function is programmed in the optical system to enable the optical system to transform an input to the optical system to a plurality of unique control signals each for controlling a respective light source of the plurality of light sources.