Abstract: A method for managing a QoE for a UE in a communications network is provided. The method includes determining, based at least on data received in a communications session, one or more parameters affecting the QoE. The method includes determining weights corresponding to the one or more parameters. The method includes computing an expected QoE for the UE based on the determined weights corresponding to the one or more parameters. The method includes determining that the expected QoE satisfies a threshold. The method includes transmitting, to one or more network nodes in the communications network, the determined weights corresponding to the one or more parameters. The method also includes adjusting the communications session at the UE.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for determining data placement based on packet metadata are disclosed. A system includes a traffic analyzer that determines data placement across connected devices based on observed values of the metadata fields in actively exchanged packets across a plurality of protocol types. In one implementation, the protocol that is supported by the system is the compute express link (CXL) protocol. The traffic analyzer performs various actions in response to events observed in a packet stream that match items from a pre-configured list. Data movement is handled underneath the software applications by changing the virtual-to-physical address translation once the data movement is completed. After the data movement is finished, threads will pull in the new host physical address into their translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) via a page table walker or via an address translation service (ATS) request.

Abstract: A switch and a scheduling method for packet forwarding of the same are provided. The switch includes a plurality of absorb queues, a plurality of egress ports, and an absorb scheduler. Each of the egress ports includes a plurality of egress queues that are respectively connected to one of the absorb queues that are different from one another. The scheduling method includes: generating a priority state for each of the egress queues of each of the egress ports; a packet forwarding priority state of each of the absorb queues is determined according to the priority state of each of the egress queues connected thereto; and the absorb scheduler selecting one of the absorb queues to send a packet stored therein to a target egress queue of a target egress port to be sent to, according to the priority state of each of the egress queues.

Abstract: An IPv6 packet processing method and apparatus where a first routing device obtains an IPv6 packet, and sends the IPv6 packet to a next-hop routing device. The IPv6 packet includes an IPv6 extension header that includes preceding general indication information, where the preceding general indication information includes first information, and where the first information is used to indicate to process the IPv6 packet only on a data plane of a routing device and not to send the IPv6 packet to a CPU.

Abstract: The techniques disclosed herein enable improved security as well as more scalable and reliable job execution by utilizing granular security boundaries and certificate-based authentication for all communication within cloud-based platforms. To manage a cloud-based platform, a system receives a plurality of jobs and associated certificates at a first security boundary that are to be executed at various resource units within a second security boundary. The system then authenticates each certificate before transmitting each job to its respective resource unit for execution. In addition, the system is further configured to monitor active certificates for compromise and accordingly isolate various security boundaries in the event of a security breach. By isolating portions of the cloud-based platform within security boundaries, the system can mitigate the impact of security breaches. Furthermore, certificate-based authentication addresses performance constraints to enable more efficient and scalable job execution.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first user equipment (UE) may receive, from a second UE, a control message that indicates a duration of time the second UE has reserved at least a first subchannel of a first subband of a set of shared spectrum subbands. The duration of time may include a quantity of time periods. The first UE may transmit, during a time period of the quantity of time periods and in a second subchannel of the first subband, a power reservation signal that indicates a transmission power associated with the first UE beginning transmission to a third UE in a second subband of the set of shared spectrum subbands and partway through the time period. The first UE may transmit signaling to the third UE in the second subband partway through the time period and after transmitting the power reservation signal.

Abstract: A wireless device includes one or more memories and one or more processors, configured to cause the wireless device to process a downlink frame including a first address field that is eliciting a response from a plurality of stations, generate an uplink frame including a second address field in response to the downlink frame. The second address field is set to a value of the first address field when the downlink frame is of a first type or a value of an address associated with an access point when the downlink frame is of a second type. The uplink frame is transmitted on a resource allocated by resource allocation information included in the downlink frame for an uplink multi-user transmission. The plurality of stations simultaneously transmits uplink frames in response to the first type of downlink frame and the plurality of stations simultaneously transmits uplink data frames.

Abstract: A method performed by a policy node for handling QoS for data traffic between a UE and an Application Server (AS) node associated with the UE. The policy node receives messages indicating available marking types which a user plane node is capable of detecting in the data traffic and information indicating a number of marking types supported by both the UE and the AS node, a UE identifier identifying the UE and a list of QoS profiles associated with the UE. The policy node determines the decided marking type and marking value for each of the QoS profiles associated with the UE identifier and transmits a message towards the control plane node having a session establishment response for the UE identifier including the marking type and marking value decided for each QoS profile associated with the UE identifier.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method of deploying first and second tenant deployable elements to a set of one or more public clouds, the first and second tenant deployable elements being different types of elements. The method identifies first and second sets of performance metrics respectively for first and second sets of candidate resource elements to use to deploy the first and second tenant deployable elements, the two sets of performance metrics being different sets of metrics because the first and second tenant deployable elements being different types of elements, the first set of performance metrics having at least one metric that is not included in the second set of performance metrics.

Abstract: An example method of mitigating oversubscription of traffic to edge services gateways in a data center includes: receiving, by a host of the data center, traffic metrics corresponding to the ESGs; determining traffic congestion at a first active edge of the ESGs in response to the traffic metrics; dividing, in response to the traffic congestion, a classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) block assigned to the first active edge into a first CIDR block and a second CIDR block; and creating, in a routing table of a router, a first route between an internet protocol (IP) address of the first active edge and the first CIDR block, and a second route between an IP address of a second active edge of the ESGs and the second CIDR block.

Abstract: Methods, systems and arrangements are described herein for providing low-latency content delivery networks usable for widespread broadcasting of live streaming media, such as live interactive streaming media, over IP networks. Also described are methods, systems and arrangements for enabling low-latency live streaming media to be made available to a wide range of different viewer devices having various capabilities, and under various network conditions. Also provided are methods, systems and arrangements for low-latency creation of the live streaming media broadcasts.

Abstract: At least one distribution node with a plurality of input/output interfaces is provided in an automation communication network. Data is exchanged via telegrams with priority levels. The distribution node interrupts transmission of a telegram having a first priority level if a telegram with a second, higher priority level is received. The distribution node terminates the interrupted telegram, which forms a first fragment defined by sending first fragmentation information at the end of the first fragment. A part that has not been sent forms a second fragment. The distribution node stores the second fragment together with second fragmentation information. After sending the telegram having the second, higher priority level, the distribution node sends the second fragment together with the second fragmentation information. A node, for which the telegram having the first priority level is intended, assembles the first and second fragments on the basis of the first and second fragmentation information.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus that allow retransmitted MPDUs with different retransmission versions (RVs) to be transmitted in a same transmission process. The communication method and apparatus may be applied to a data retransmission process between any two nodes in a Wi-Fi system. In the method, when a PPDU sent by a first node includes one or more retransmitted MPDUs, the first node may include RV indication information in the PPDU to indicate an RV of each retransmitted MPDU, so that a second node can properly receive each retransmitted MPDU based on the RV indication information.

Abstract: A multi-port transceiver comprises a plurality of first ports, a first communication interface, and a second communication interface. Multi-rate interleaver circuitry interleaves i) a plurality of first data streams, each received via a respective first port at a first data rate, and ii) a second data stream received via the first communication interface at a second data rate, to generate a third data stream to be transmitted via the second communication interface at a third data rate. Multi-rate deinterleaver circuitry deinterleaves a fourth data stream that was received via the second communication interface at the third data rate into i) a plurality of fifth data streams, each fifth data stream to be transmitted via a respective first port at the first data rate, and ii) a sixth data stream to be transmitted via the first communication interface at the second data rate.

Abstract: Provided are a method for performing sidelink communication by a first apparatus (100) and an apparatus supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: performing channel busy ratio (CBR) measurement on at least one bandwidth part (BWP) associated with a first sidelink service, among a plurality of BWPs included in a first carrier; and determining a CBR value of the first carrier, on the basis of the measured CBR value of at least one BWP associated with the first sidelink service.

Abstract: Selectively assigning uplink transmission layers for uplink transmissions from wireless devices to access nodes based on any combination of uplink usage characteristics and signal conditions. Wireless devices configured to transmit uplink data on one or more orthogonal transmission layers from each antenna. Instructing wireless devices to add transmission layers is based on an uplink usage and other characteristics such as type of transmission, time of day, distance from serving access node, etc.

Abstract: Network access is provided to a networking device. In one approach, a method includes: obtaining, by a gateway, access rules for a networking device; providing, by the gateway, one or more dedicated networking tunnels between the gateway and respective remote gateways to one or more respective network segments, wherein the networking device is authorized to access the one or more network segments by the access rules; and routing, by the gateway, networking packets from the networking device based on source address information in the networking packets to the one or more dedicated networking tunnels, and based on destination address information in the networking packets, routing the networking packets to a selection of the one or more dedicated networking tunnels.

Abstract: In an automation network comprising a plurality of network segments, fragmenting subscribers that support a fragmentation method as well as standard subscribers that do not support the fragmentation method can be provided for in the network. A distribution node in the automation network has at least one input/output interface that is in communication with a network segment. The switching unit in the distribution node checks whether a subscriber in a network segment to which a telegram is to be sent supports the fragmentation method, and whether the telegram to be sent is fragmented. If the subscriber does not support the fragmentation procedure and the telegram to be sent is fragmented, the switching unit in the distribution node assembles the telegram fragments to form the telegram and then sends the assembled telegram on to the subscriber.

Abstract: Techniques for using trace with tunnels and cloud-based systems for determining measures of network performance are presented. Systems and methods include obtaining policy information related to a trace; performing a plurality of traces, from a start point to an end point in a network, using the different protocols based on the policy information; evaluating which of the plurality of traces reach the end point, and evaluating any of average latency of the plurality of traces, average loss of the plurality of traces, and a number of hops found, for each of the plurality of traces that reach the end point; and selecting a protocol of the different protocols to use for the trace based on the evaluating. The different protocols include Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Abstract: An example method can include detecting a transaction associated with an application; identifying a characteristic of the transaction; determining a priority for network traffic associated with the application, based on the identified characteristic; selecting, from a plurality of types of networks that are communicatively coupled with the user device and based on the priority for the network traffic, a network type for the network traffic; and causing the network traffic to be routed, from the user device, through a network device associated with the selected network type.

Abstract: Datalink frames or networking packets contain protocol information in the header and optionally in the trailer of a frame or a packet. We are proposing a method in which part of or all of the protocol information corresponding to a frame or a packet is transmitted separately in another datalink frame. The “Separately Transmitted Protocol Information” is referred to as STPI. The STPI contains enough protocol information to identify the next hop node or port. STPI can be used avoid network congestion and improve link efficiency. Preferably, there will be one datalink frame or network packet corresponding to each STPI, containing the data and the rest of the protocol information and this frame/packet is referred to as DFoNP. The creation of STPI and DFoNP is done by the originator of the frame or packet such as an operating system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transparent high availability for customer virtual machines using a hypervisor-based side channel bonding and monitoring are disclosed herein. The method can include creating a network path bond between at least one compute instance and a plurality of Network Virtualization Devices (“NVD”), the network path bond including a plurality of network paths, each network path connecting the compute instance with the Virtualized Network Interface Card (“VNIC”) of one of the plurality of NVDs, identifying a first one of the network paths as an active network path and a second one of the network paths as an inactive network path, performing a health check on the active network path, determining that the active network path failed the health check, marking the first one of the network paths as failed subsequent to determining that the active network path failed the health check, and identifying the second one of the network paths as the active network path.

Abstract: A computer system including a processor, in communication with a database, programmed to identify a plurality of billers from the database, including biller information, and receive a payee file including payee information identifying a payee which issued a bill to a payor. The processor determines an approximate match score for each of the billers in a first set of billers of the plurality of billers by comparing payee information to biller information and identifies a candidate list of billers from the first set of billers having an approximate match score indicating a likelihood of matching the payee information. The processor adjusts the candidate list of billers by altering the match score of at least one candidate biller by comparing a payee account number of the payee information to an account mask associated with the candidate biller and generates an output file of candidate biller information from the adjusted candidate list.

Abstract: A method for real-time data communication between subscribers in an automation network is provided. The automation network includes an active subscriber, a plurality of passive subscribers and at least a connecting unit. The method includes the active subscriber arranging n data packets to be transmitted in a transmission order with a total occupancy time duration of the transmission order, performing an optimizing procedure for determining an optimized transmission order with minimum total occupancy time, and transmitting the n data packets in the optimized transmission order to the passive subscribers. An active subscriber for carrying out the method and an automation network comprising an active subscriber are also provided.

Abstract: A first communication device for transmitting data to a second communication device comprises a storage device for storing instructions and a processing circuit coupled to the storage device. The processing circuit is configured to execute the instructions stored in the storage device. The instructions comprise compressing a first packet to a first compressed packet according to a compressor instance, wherein the first packet is associated to a flow identity (ID); generating a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) comprising the flow ID and the first compressed packet; associating a first sequence number (SN) to the first PDU; encrypting the first PDU to a first encrypted packet; generating a first Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) PDU comprising the first SN and the first encrypted packet; and transmitting the first PDCP PDU via a first logical channel (LC) to the second communication device.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a plurality of network nodes and a processor. Each network node includes an optical link and a reflectometry analyzer. The reflection analyzers provide a plurality of reflectometry results that each provide a characterization of physical properties of the optical link. The processor receives the reflectometry results, analyzes the reflectometry results to define a fingerprint of the physical properties of the optical link, and determines a status for each of the optical links based upon the associated fingerprints. The status for each of the optical links includes one of a plurality of graded statuses. Each graded status represents a qualitative measure of the physical properties of the associated optical link. A first graded status represents a better qualitative measure than a second graded status. The processor further receives a request to route a data flow from a first one of the network nodes to a second one of the network nodes.

Abstract: A traffic forwarding method includes determining, by a first network device, a first address resolution protocol (ARP) entry of the access device, where the first ARP entry is used to indicate a mapping relationship among a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, and an egress port, the egress port includes a standby egress port, and the first network device is connected to the protection link through the standby egress port, receiving traffic sent by a network side, determining whether a fault exists in the first multi-chassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) link, and when the first network device determines that a fault exists in the first MC-LAG link, sending the traffic to the second network device through the protection link based on a standby egress port number in the first ARP entry, where the standby egress port number is used to indicate the standby egress port.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a network entity transmits, to a user equipment (UE), at least one file, the at least one file comprising a group of data packets, wherein each data packet of the group of data packets of the at least one file is associated with a file identifier of the at least one file, transmits, to the UE, after transmitting the last data packet of the group of data packets of the at least one file, a request for the UE to report a reception status of the at least one file, transmits, to the UE, one or more repair bits for the at least one file, receives an acknowledgment from the UE, and ceases transmission of the one or more repair bits upon reception of the acknowledgment from the UE.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing bi-directional communication between an external device (ED) and an implantable medical device (IMD) are provided. The method comprises receiving an active ED configuration and a request for communications parameters to be used with the active ED configuration. The method further comprises identifying a pre-existing configuration, from a collection of pre-existing configurations that match the active ED configuration, the collection of pre-existing configurations having an associated collection of predefined parameter sets. The method further determines a resultant parameter set from the collection of predefined parameter sets based on the pre-existing configuration identified and returns the resultant parameter set in connection with the request, the resultant parameter set to be utilized by the ED for bi-directional communication with the IMD.

Abstract: In one example, a method and apparatus for initiating internet connection speed tests in residential gateways are disclosed. In one example, the method initiates, by a residential gateway of a subscriber premises, a test of an internet connection speed associated with the subscriber premises, such that the residential gateway and a test server are endpoints for an exchange of test data. A speed of the exchange of the test data is then measured.

Abstract: A networking arrangement is comprises a first network device for transmitting a data stream to a second network device over a network, the method comprises: transmitting a series of first packets to the second network device, each of the first packets having an transmission time and comprising a unique identification value, receiving, from the second network device, a second packet, the second packet indicating receipt of a least one of the first packets by the second network device, determining a standard round-trip time and determining a current round-trip time in dependence on a transmission time of an oldest first packet for which no indication of receipt has been received, and a receipt time of a most recently received second packet, determining an unused network bandwidth between the first network device and the second network device in dependence on the current round-trip time and standard round-trip time.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting selection of a transport protocol for use in supporting a label distribution protocol in a label switching network are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting selection of a transport protocol for use in supporting a label distribution protocol in a label switching network may be configured to support multiple transport protocol options for use in supporting use of the label distribution protocol between a pair of label switched routers in the label switching network. Various example embodiments for supporting selection of a transport protocol for use in supporting a label distribution protocol in a label switching network may be configured to use the selected transport protocol to support various aspects of the label distribution protocol (e.g., establishment of a label distribution protocol session based on the label distribution protocol, label distribution based on the label distribution protocol, and so forth).

Abstract: A first on-board terminal for radio communication in a radio network. The first on-board terminal is designed to retransmit first data via the radio channel after the expiration of a second time period, which begins after the end of the previous transmission of the first data, if the radio channel is not occupied after the expiration of a first time period.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture provide for binary tree storage. Optimized or enhanced storage of binary trees may, for example, increase processing performance and reduce operational burdens on memory resources associated with execution of predictive models.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method receives a first acknowledgement message that acknowledges receipt of a first packet and determines whether the first acknowledgement message is a duplicate of a previous acknowledgement message that was sent previous to the first acknowledgement message. When the first acknowledgement message is the duplicate of the previous acknowledgement message, the method detects when a second acknowledge message is received that acknowledges receipt of a second packet. Then, the method determines that the second acknowledgement message is not the duplicate of the previous acknowledgement message and measures a metric based on the detecting of the first acknowledgement message and the second acknowledgement message.

Abstract: The disclosed method may include (1) detecting, by a communication resource of a communication system, an event indicative of traffic congestion in the communication resource, where the communication resource services one or more traffic flows, and where at least one of the traffic flows causes the event, (2) sampling, by the communication resource, in relation to detecting the event, status data indicating a current status of the communication resource during each of a plurality of time intervals, (3) transmitting, by the communication resource, to a receiving device external to the communication resource to control the communication system, at least one of (a) at least a portion of the status data that is associated with the at least one of the traffic flows or (b) control information for the at least one of the traffic flows based on that status data. Various other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method, apparatus and storage medium for resource configuration. The method includes: receiving a request for resource creation, the request comprising a configuration rule for automatic configuration of a target resource; creating an automatic deployment resource in response to the request, wherein the automatic deployment resource includes configuration rule information derived from the configuration rule included in the request; and identifying the target resource to be configured and performing resource configuration for the identified target resource based on the configuration rule information. Thus, the efficiency of configuring a target resource is increased.

Abstract: A user equipment may determine a latency requirement of the user equipment, and may determine a first set of latencies between the user equipment and a first multi-access edge computing (MEC) device. The user equipment may determine a second set of latencies between the user equipment and a second MEC device, and may calculate a first violation probability based on the latency requirement and the first set of latencies. The user equipment may calculate a second violation probability based on the latency requirement and the second set of latencies, and may identify the first MEC device or the second MEC device based on the first violation probability and the second violation probability. The user equipment may selectively initiate a MEC handoff of the user equipment to the first MEC device or the second MEC device based on identifying the first MEC device or the second MEC device.

Abstract: A network element is provided, configured to operate in an IP-based communication network and to manage resources in that communication network which are being utilized by a software application. The management of these resources is carried out by the network element (e.g. a router) through affecting changes in these resources in response to obtaining information retrieved from an application program interface (API) associated with the software application, such as for example, values of key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with the software application.

Abstract: Example implementations are directed to management of a system involving a plurality of apparatuses executing manufacturing processes based on instructions from a server, the plurality of apparatuses communicating with the server through a gateway, and can include managing a relationship between a Quality of Service (QoS) level for communications and the manufacturing processes; and controlling the gateway to adjust the QoS level for the communications between each of the plurality of apparatuses and the server based on the manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Datalink frames or networking packets contain protocol information in the header and optionally in the trailer of a frame or a packet. We are proposing a method in which part of or all of the protocol information corresponding to a frame or a packet is transmitted separately in another datalink frame. The “Separately Transmitted Protocol Information” is referred to as STPI. The STPI contains enough protocol information to identify the next hop node or port. STPI can be used avoid network congestion and improve link efficiency. Preferably, there will be one datalink frame or network packet corresponding to each STPI, containing the data and the rest of the protocol information and this frame/packet is referred to as DFoNP. The creation of STPI and DFoNP is done by the originator of the frame or packet such as an operating system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for monitoring a wireless network such as a WLAN to characterize a venue or other area. In one embodiment, the network comprises a WLAN which includes one or more access points (APs) in data communication with a controller, which in turn communicates with managed network entities via a backhaul connection. The controller s is configured to monitor the operation of the network components including the APs, as well as one or more fixed or mobile sensors. In one variant, the sensors provide data relating to wireless signal performance at their current location, which can be provided to a cloud-based evaluation process for enhanced characterization of the venue in conjunction with the AP-derived data. In the exemplary embodiment, logic operative to run on the system includes automated seating allocation suggestions, thereby providing end users with a better quality experience.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a frame processing method of a distributed antenna system may include confirming whether a quality of service (QoS) tag exists in header information of a received frame; performing frame scheduling of the frame based on the QoS tag; and dropping or transmitting the frame according to a transmission priority according to a result of the frame scheduling.

Abstract: A service band management system includes management device(s) coupled to a workload provisioning infrastructure. The management device(s) identify a first workload provisioning system in a workload provisioning infrastructure, and determine its first workload provisioning capability. Based on the first workload provisioning capability, the management device(s) map the first workload provisioning system to a first service band, and provision a workload using the first workload provisioning system based on the first service band satisfying a workload requirement for the workload. Subsequently, the management device(s) identify that a second workload provisioning system has been added to the workload provisioning infrastructure, and determine its second workload provisioning capability.

Abstract: An invention relates to methods for transmitting a buffer status report (BSR) in a mobile communication system, more particularly to the definition of rules for triggering, generating and transmitting BSRs. The invention also relates to a data transmission method utilizing new rules to decide data of which radio bearers is transmitted within a given transmission time interval. Moreover, the invention relates to scheduling method for radio resources that is taking into account additional scheduling-relevant information from the buffer status reporting and/or data transmission method. To avoid unnecessary grants from the network and to suggest an advanced handling of data transmissions the invention suggests a buffer status reporting and data transmission schemes that take into account the scheduling mode of data of radio bearers pending for transmission to decide whether to report on it in a buffer status report, respectively, whether to multiplex the data to a transport block for transmission.

Abstract: A computing system includes a host, a first electronic device including a memory and an accelerator, and a second electronic device including a direct memory access (DMA) engine. Based on a command transmitted from the host through the first electronic device, the DMA engine transmits data and completion information of the command to the first electronic device. The memory includes a data buffer storing the data and a completion queue buffer storing the completion information. The accelerator executes a calculation on the data. The DMA engine transmits the data to the first electronic device and then transmits the completion information to the first electronic device.

Abstract: Local management of data stream throttling in data movement operations, such as secondary-copy operations in a storage management system, is disclosed. A local throttling manager may interoperate with co-resident data agents and/or a media agent executing on any given local computing device, whether a client computing device or a secondary storage computing device. The local throttling manager may allocate and manage the available bandwidth for various jobs and their constituent data streams—across the data agents and/or media agent. Bandwidth is allocated and re-allocated to data streams used by ongoing jobs, in response to new jobs starting and old jobs completing, without having to pause and restart ongoing jobs to accommodate bandwidth adjustments. The illustrative embodiment also provides local users with a measure of control over data streams—to suspend, pause, and/or resume them—independently from the centralized storage manager that manages the overall storage system.

Abstract: Technologies for accessing pooled accelerator resources over a network fabric are disclosed. In disclosed embodiments, an application hosted by a computing platform accesses remote accelerator resources over a network fabric using protocol multipathing mechanisms. A communication session is established with the remote accelerator resources. The communication session comprises at least two connections. The at least two connections at least include a first connection having or utilizing a first transport layer and a second connection having or utilizing a second transport layer that is different than the first transport layer. Other embodiments may be disclosed and/or claimed.

Abstract: A destination host on a first network may attempt to initiate a communication session with a source host on a second network. The attempt may be intercepted by a first policy enforcement point, which may forward a message to the source host associated with the communication session. The source host may send an acknowledgment to the destination host via the first policy enforcement point. A policy decision point may determine that the communication session is permissible. The policy decision point may send a response to the first policy enforcement point and a second policy enforcement point. The response may indicate an approval of the communication session. The source host may respond to the destination host through either a first connection path and the first policy enforcement point or a second connection and the second policy enforcement point.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for reestablishing a backhaul connection due a failed connection. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise detecting a failure in a backhaul communication link between a first node device and a second node device, wherein the second node device is communicatively connected to a core network device of a core network, selecting a new node device, other than the first node device and the second node device, that is communicatively connected to the core network device for establishment of a new backhaul communication link to replace the backhaul communication link, and establishing a connection with the new node device to provide a backhaul communication link failure indication to a controller and to request the controller to provide resources to establish the new backhaul communication link with the new node device.