Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for measuring user quality of experience QoE, where the method includes the following steps: receiving event information sent by a receiving end, where the event information includes condition information for determining a cause for shortage of valid media data in a buffer of the receiving end; determining, according to the condition information, whether the shortage of the valid media data in the buffer of the receiving end is caused by a service system or caused by a user's action; and measuring QoE decrease degrees according to different causes for the shortage of the valid media data in the buffer, respectively.

Abstract: A transfer device allocates, within the range of the maximum communication band of a network that a plurality of groups of applications use in common, a communication band equal to or larger than the minimum band for each of the groups. Furthermore, the transfer device converts, within a communication band allocated to each group, TCP data received from a transmission source of data to UDP data, transfers the UDP data to a transmission destination, and retransmits retransmission data in response to a retransmission request of the UDP data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a virtual environment are provided. A method includes receiving a packet from a first virtual machine at a virtual switch; determining if the packet is destined to a second virtual machine by comparing a destination address to a mapping data structure maintained by the virtual switch; transferring the packet to a first virtual function of a device assigned to the first virtual machine by directly mapping the first virtual function to the first virtual machine; the first virtual function initiating a direct memory access (DMA) operation to transfer the packet to the second virtual machine based on a logical memory address of the second virtual machine that is received from a second virtual function; and using the DMA operation to transfer the packet to the second virtual machine.

Abstract: Datalink frames or networking packets contain protocol information in the header and optionally in the trailer of a frame or a packet. We are proposing a method in which part of or all of the protocol information corresponding to a frame or a packet is transmitted separately in another datalink frame. The “Separately Transmitted Protocol Information” is referred to as STPI. The STPI contains enough protocol information to identify the next hop node or port. STPI can be used avoid network congestion and improve link efficiency. Preferably, there will be one datalink frame or network packet corresponding to each STPI, containing the data and the rest of the protocol information and this frame/packet is referred to as DFoNP. The creation of STPI and DFoNP is done by the originator of the frame or packet such as an operating system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is disclosed in which a device in a network receives self-interference information from one or more nodes in the network. A degree of self-interference along a communication path in the network is determined based on the received self-interference information. A packet to be sent along the communication path is also identified and traffic shaping is performed on the communication path based on the degree of self-interference along the path.

Abstract: A network is configured to utilize available bandwidth to conduct bulk data transfers without substantially affecting the successful transmission of time-sensitive traffic in the network. In order to avoid this interference, the packets carrying data for bulk data transfers are associated with a low priority class such that the routers of the network will preferentially drop these packets over packets associated with the normal traffic of the network. As such, when the normal traffic peaks or there are link or equipment failures, the normal traffic is preferentially transmitted over the bulk-transfer traffic and thus the bulk-transfer traffic dynamically adapts to changes in the available bandwidth of the network. Further, to reduce the impact of dropped packets for the bulk-transfer traffic, the packets are encoded at or near the source component using a loss-resistant transport protocol so that the dropped packets can be reproduced at a downstream link.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes an interface configured to receive a first request sent from a first customer for a first service provided by a first service provider, the first request being of a first type. The system also includes at least one processor configured to determine a first set of configuration parameters from a first policy associated with the first service provider in response to receiving the first request. The at least one processor also causes a node associated with the first service provider to provide the first service in response to receiving the first request using the first set of configuration parameters.

Abstract: A collaboration manager server is provided that bridges a PAN with a WAN. When the collaboration manager server receives, from the first mobile device, a request to establish a second network service, wherein the second network service provides for bridging a PAN with a WAN, the collaboration manager server determines a credential to be used by mobile devices who wish to join the second network service and, in response to determining that the first mobile device is authorized to make such a request, establishes the second network service. Further, in response to receiving, from a second mobile device, a request to join the second network service, wherein the request to join the second network service comprises the credential, the collaboration manager server joins the second mobile device to the second network service and bridges traffic between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the second network service.

Abstract: Controlling access to customer data. A customer service agent is provided with indirect access to customer data through an intermediate computer such that it is not necessary for the customer service agent to ask questions about the received customer data or receive such data from the customer directly. Secure data access can be used to validate customers and streamline customer interaction and discussions with customer service agents since many questions a customer service agent may ask a customer directly during a discussion are already answered and known to the customer service agent before the customer speaks with the customer service agent. The customer can select which merchants receive customer data, and customer data can be entered manually or acquired by processing images of customer documents or cards such as personal identification or account cards containing information to be used during customer service discussions.

Abstract: A power management system includes a power system. A powered component is coupled to the power system. A power detect circuit is coupled to the power system. A power system controller is coupled to the power system, the powered component, and the power detect circuit. The power system controller is operable, for each of at least one workload run using the powered component, to program the power detect circuit with a first threshold for a first system operation setting and determine that the first threshold was not exceeded while the workload was running. The power system controller is then operable to program the power detect circuit with a second threshold for the first system operation setting, determine that the second threshold was exceeded while the workload was running and, in response, use the second threshold to allocate power from the power system.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to exiting a multithreaded guest virtual machine (VM) that is running in a simulation environment. An aspect includes executing the simulation by a guest entity comprising a plurality of logical threads, wherein each of the plurality of logical threads comprises a respective instruction stream. Another aspect includes detecting an exit event corresponding to completion, by a first thread of the plurality of logical threads, of the instruction stream corresponding to the first thread. Another aspect includes, based on determining that the simulation is executing in a redrive mode: based on determining that the TVM of the guest entity indicates that multiple threads of the plurality of logical threads are valid, nullifying a start interpretive execution (SIE) instruction of a host; setting a bit corresponding to the first thread in the TVM to invalid; executing the nullified SIE instruction; and relaunching the guest entity in the redrive mode.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to a resource adapter configured to establish connections between an executive information system (EIS) and one or more clients. The resource adapter includes at least a first and a second connection pool, both maintaining a plurality of connection objects. Each connection object defines a channel of communication between the EIS and the resource adapter. A cluster coordinator is configured to assign a first connection object in a first connection pool and a second connection object in a second connection pool to the one or more clients to create at least two coexisting connections between the one or more clients and the EIS.

Abstract: An integrated infrastructure technology (IT) service provisioning and management framework includes, as framework components, a cloud-based management portal, one or more primary cloud servers, an on-premise cached cloud server gateway appliance, and one or more agents installed on respective on-premise computing devices. Service applications are created by defining a set of interactions between the framework components, including defining a set of service policies and corresponding interactions from the cloud-based management portal wherein at least one of the service policies defines a real-time request for information from an agent. Based at least in part on the information received the agent, a service policy is defined to trigger a data transfer from the agent to the cached cloud server gateway. An off-premise backup policy is defined to enable the cached cloud server gateway to transfer data to a first primary cloud server of the one or more primary cloud servers.

Abstract: Prior reservation of bandwidth is enabled during conference setup. Through synchronization of directory databases at one or more multi-modal communication application deployment sites and use of a multi-modal communication enabled node at an evolved packet core (EPC), bandwidth is statically or dynamically allocated for communication sessions based on requesting user profile, requested modality, location of the user, and similar factors such that a desired Quality of Service (QoS) is maintained during the communication session. Service Providers (SPs) provide differentiated QoS by pre-reserving bandwidth margin over and above what is required. The bandwidth margin is used by the SPs to include additional error correction mechanism. Dynamic bandwidth allocation factors in the location of the UC devices and roaming status.

Abstract: Providing for prioritization of applications operating on a client device with respect to access to online content or services is described herein. By way of example, the prioritizing can be correlated with allocation of network resources for respective applications. An application having higher priority can be allocated a larger amount of resources, a guaranteed amount of resources, a guaranteed quality of service, first access to resources, or the like. Likewise, an application with lower priority can be allocated a lower amount of resources, have best effort resources, access to residual resources, and so forth. In various embodiments, applications can be prioritized based on a status of the application with respect to the client device. As one illustrative example, applications actively receiving content, responding to user commands, or maximized or displayed on a graphic display can be afforded higher priority, whereas inactive or minimized applications can be afforded a lower priority.

Abstract: A wireless communication access path exists between an ingress station and an egress station. A logical communication tunnel is established between the ingress and egress stations directly or through any number of intermediate relay stations to handle session flows of PDUs. As PDUs arrive, the ingress station may determine and add information bearing on an identified QoS associated with the PDU to the PDUs before they are delivered to the downstream egress station(s) or intermediate relay station(s). The information may be used by the downstream stations to schedule the PDUs for further delivery. The information may also be used by the egress station to schedule the PDUs for delivery.

Abstract: A method and system for managing Machine-to-Machine type Communication (MTC) devices in a MTC network environment are provided. The method includes receiving a notification message including a timer value from an MTC network; entering, upon receiving the notification message including the timer value for a duration equal to the timer value, an inactive mode; entering, upon an expiration of the timer value, an active mode from the inactive mode; and transmitting MTC data to an MTC server associated with the MTC device via the MTC network during the active mode of the MTC device.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a low-overhead method for communicating Channel State Information (CSI) feedback in Very High Throughput (VHT) wireless communications systems. The present disclosure also provides packet formats for Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA), CSI Poll and CSI feedback. In some cases, the CSI feedback may be too large to be carried in a single Media Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU) or a Physical Layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU), and a proposed protocol for CSI feedback segmentation can be then utilized.

Abstract: A processor of a plurality of processors includes a processor core and a message manager. The message manager is in communication with the processor core. The message manager to receive a message from a second processor of the plurality of processors, to identify a classification rule for the message based on bits in a header of the message, and to create a queue identifier for the message using bits of a payload of the message, wherein the queue identifier is associated with a queue of the processor core.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for providing sedation service in a telecommunications network are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for providing sedation service in a telecommunications network is provided. The method includes steps that are performed at a session initiation protocol (SIP) sedation node. The method includes receiving a first message sent from a SIP user agent and intended for a SIP server. The method further includes determining whether the SIP server is unavailable. The method further includes responsive to a determination that the SIP server is unavailable to respond to the first message, sending, to the SIP client, a SIP sedation message for reducing the number or frequency of messages sent by the SIP user agent to the SIP server.

Abstract: Disclosed is a policy-based I/O dispatcher that intercepts I/O requests from several individual volumes made to a shared storage system (such as a RAID array) and manages these I/O requests so that no single volume monopolizes the I/O bandwidth and excludes the other volumes from timely completing their own I/O requests. Also disclosed are a plurality of attributes that may be assigned to each volume sharing a disk array to effectively manage the sharing of the disk array among the volumes. The I/O policy manager may handle I/O requests from several sources including volume-based iSCSI I/O requests as well as the file-share-based XFS I/O requests.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for providing bandwidth-on-demand telecommunications services over next-generation optical transport networks (NG-OTN). One embodiment of a system providing bandwidth-on-demand services includes a next-generation optical transport network (NG-OTN) having an intelligent control plane (ICP) and new-generation synchronous optical network (NG-SONET) capabilities. A next-generation operation support subsystem (NG-OSS) is communicatively coupled to the NG-OTN. The NG-OTN and the NG-OSS are configured to provide the bandwidth-on-demand services.

Abstract: A network gateway is implemented on behalf of a customer entity. The network gateway may be implemented using a distributed computer system and the network gateway may connect a network of the customer entity to a public communications network. The network gateway may include network-related services without the need for adding specialized hardware. The network gateway may be provisioned programmatically in response to instructions received from the customer entity. The network gateway may be provisionable and accessible over several different types of data connections. The network gateway, by virtue of being implemented on a distributed computer system, is scalable upon demand without additional input by the customer entity.

Abstract: Bandwidth on the Internet and intranets is highly variable and unreliable, two properties that can make streaming digital media content difficult. In a virtualization system (e.g., virtual desktop, remote desktop, remote application, and the like), this is especially so based on different bandwidths available to the session host and the session client. Methods and systems for emulating a bandwidth of a client device in a virtualization system are described. When the session host is executing an application (e.g., a digital media application), the session host may emulate the bandwidth of the session client by hooking into and throttling data over one or more APIs associated with the digital media application, thereby tricking the application into making a bandwidth determination based on the emulated bandwidth of the session client, rather than based on the bandwidth of the session host.

Abstract: A network gateway is implemented on behalf of a customer entity. The network gateway may be implemented using a distributed computer system and the network gateway may connect a network of the customer entity to a public communications network. The network gateway may include network-related services without the need for adding specialized hardware. The network gateway may be provisioned programmatically in response to instructions received from the customer entity. The network gateway may be provisionable and accessible over several different types of data connections. The network gateway, by virtue of being implemented on a distributed computer system, is scalable upon demand without additional input by the customer entity.

Abstract: Wireless transition timers associated with wireless transition states are adaptively controlled in relation to use of applications by user equipment (UE). A UE can include a transition management component (TMC) that can adaptively control wireless transition timers associated with wireless states based on application type, session content, or other factors. The TMC monitors data flow associated with an application and, for a current or subsequent communication session, controls the length of wireless transition timers and switching between wireless states to improve UE, application, and/or network performance while maintaining QOE for the user. The TMC can access a timer look-up table that maps wireless transition timers to application type, content type, user behavior, or other factors. The TMC also can desirably control maintaining persistence or always-on connections by controlling switching between wireless states using the adapted wireless transition timers.

Abstract: A packet switching node is coupled by links to other nodes of a network, and receives and assembles packets belonging to a specified packet flow, into bursts of packets with a burst control packet indicating a sequence of the burst in the flow. The node determines whether to distribute the flow across several links. If so, the bursts are then forwarded for switching to the output ports of the selected links. Distributing the flow over multiple links can enable more flexible and efficient filling of allocated bandwidth on links, as traffic increases. To reduce the risk of losing the order of packets the sequence of the bursts is indicated for use in reordering at intermediate nodes during transmission through the network.

Abstract: Methods and systems automatically allocate cellular communication network resources to emergency response personnel during emergency situations which are detected by call volumes exceeding a predetermined maximum. Access to cellular communication network resources is provided by dedicating a portion of communication radio resources to emergency response personnel use. By reserving radio resources for emergency communication purposes, emergency personnel are able to both initiate and receive calls or data sessions from both other mobile devices as well as conventional landline telephone stations. Qualified emergency response personnel can preregistered their phones and be assigned personal identification numbers to enable access to allocated network resources. Users can also be registered “on the fly.

Abstract: In an information management system, policies are deployed to targets and targets can evaluate the policies whether they are connected or disconnected to the system. The policies may be transferred to the target, which may be a device or user. Relevant policies may be transferred while not relevant policies are not. The policies may have policy abstractions.

Abstract: A cable modem that supports stateless requesting and/or limited contention-based requesting is provided herein. In an example, a physical layer (PHY) configured to communicate over a plurality of upstream channels is provided. A bandwidth requester is provided to request bandwidth using contention-based requesting over a first subset of the upstream channels for contention-based flows and request bandwidth using stateless requesting over a second subset of the upstream channels for stateless flows.

Abstract: A method for transitioning a video call is provided. The method can include a wireless communication device participating in a video call with a remote communication device via a first video call session established over a connection between the wireless communication device and a first cellular network. The video call can include a packet switched video stream carried over a first bearer and an audio stream carried over a second bearer. The method can further include the wireless communication device determining a degradation in a connection quality for the first cellular network; transitioning to a legacy cellular network having a circuit switched domain in response to the degradation in connection quality for the first cellular network; establishing a second video call session on the legacy cellular network; and using the second video call session to continue the video call on the legacy cellular network.

Abstract: The present solution relates to a method in a first communication node (109,113) for enabling authorization of the first communication node (109,113) to determine a first bit rate. The first communication node (109,113) receives (302,306,401), from a second communication node (101), a message comprising at least one trigger to determine a first bit rate and obtains (303,308,402) a first rank. The node (109,113) determines (304,404) the first bit rate associated with the first rank, and transmits (305,312,405) the first bit rate associated with the first rank to the second communication node (101), enabling authorization of the first communication node (109,113) to determine the first bit rate.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method are provided for modifying rules in-place atomically from the perspective of an active search process using the rules for packet classification. A rule may be modified in-place by updating a rule's definition to be an intersection of an original and new definition. The rule's definition may be further updated to the rule's new definition and a decision tree may be updated based on the rule's new definition. While a search processor searches for one or more rules that match keys generated from received packets the in-place rule modification prevents periods of incorrect rule matching of the keys thereby preventing packet loss and preserving throughput.

Abstract: An apparatus generally having an interface and a circuit is disclosed. The interface may be connectable to a network to monitor a media program streaming across the network to a media client. The circuit may be configured to (i) generate first information by modeling a buffer of the media client, the first information being representative of a plurality of events related to the buffer during a playback of the media program and (ii) generate a signal representative of a quality of experience of the media program in response to the first information.

Abstract: Providing automated quality-of-service (‘QoS’) for virtual machine migration across a shared data center network, including: identifying, by a virtual machine migration module, a virtual machine to migrate from a source host to a destination host; determining a migration cost for migrating the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host; identifying based on the migration cost a least congested network path between the source host and the destination host and a bandwidth to be used for migration such that migration completes within a user specified time limit; and initiating transmission of the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host over the least congested network path, including reserving bandwidth across the shared data center network for transferring the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host in dependence upon the migration cost.

Abstract: Providing automated quality-of-service (‘QoS’) for virtual machine migration across a shared data center network, including: identifying, by a virtual machine migration module, a virtual machine to migrate from a source host to a destination host; determining a migration cost for migrating the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host; identifying based on the migration cost a least congested network path between the source host and the destination host and a bandwidth to be used for migration such that migration completes within a user specified time limit; and initiating transmission of the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host over the least congested network path, including reserving bandwidth across the shared data center network for transferring the virtual machine from the source host to the destination host in dependence upon the migration cost.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for policing flows of data units (15) along a path in a data network in dependence on congestion indications associated with said data units indicating whether or not said data units have experienced, or are expected to experience, congestion on the path, said apparatus and methods allowing for a high but not unlimited short-term burst rate (wST) of data units having congestion indications associated therewith, the short-term burst rate being high when compared with a long-term average rate (wLT) at which data units having congestion indications associated therewith may be forwarded without the data units being subjected to a policing action such as dropping, delaying or marking for possible sanction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for controlling traffic of a multi-mode base station to overcome the unfair or unreasonable traffic allocation between different systems of a multi-mode base station in the prior art. The technical solutions provided by embodiments of the present invention include: obtaining target traffic of any system in the multi-mode base station according to a preset traffic allocation ratio; decreasing an increment step size of the system if current traffic of the system is greater than the target traffic and bandwidth of the multi-mode base station is idle; or increasing a decrement step size of the system if current traffic of the system is greater than the target traffic and bandwidth of the multi-mode base station is congested; and controlling traffic of the system in the multi-mode base station according to the adjusted increment step size or decrement step size.

Abstract: In a portable computing device having at least one kind of input, at least one kind of output, and a data communications interface, a method and apparatus for obtaining entity-related “acceptable or unacceptable” decisions based on matching the results of internet information retrieval against user-supplied, persistent preferences are described. User-supplied preferences consist of a list of internet information resources the user wants to be examined to obtain a decision about whether or not an entity is acceptable, and of a list of criteria that an entity from said internet information resources has to meet to be found acceptable by the user. In one embodiment, a graphical user interface on the portable computing device is provided, allowing the identification of an entity.

Abstract: When an internal terminal (TM1 to TMn) replaced with another terminal due to the breakdown or the model upgrading and the DHCP function allocates a new private address for the MAC address of the terminal after replacement, the newly allocated private address is managed in association with physical ports (PP1 to PPn) in an expansion NAPT table. Then, in this state, when an IP packet is delivered from an external terminal (TM0) on the side of a WAN(2), the transmission destination address of this IP packet is converted to the private address of the internal terminal after conversion in accordance with the expansion NAPT table using the physical ports as a key.

Abstract: System and method for selecting a transmission medium on which to transmit a first stream. At least one of the plurality of transmission media may be substantially dynamic in nature. Path characteristics of each of a plurality of transmission media may be determined. A first transmission medium may be selected from the plurality of transmission media for the first stream based on the determined path characteristics. A first plurality of packets of the first stream may be transmitted on the first transmission medium.

Abstract: In a method for regulating network bandwidth in a virtualized computer environment, a computer having a hypervisor program receives a request from a first virtual client to transmit data. In response, the computer transfers the data from a memory of the first virtual client to a memory of a virtual server. The computer receives an error notification from a shared virtual network adapter of the virtual server, indicative of insufficient network bandwidth available to transmit the data. In response, the computer notifies the first virtual client that insufficient network bandwidth is available to transmit the data.

Abstract: An exemplary data transfer manager includes a datacenter configured to communicate over at least one link and a scheduler that is configured to schedule a plurality of jobs for communicating data from the datacenter. The scheduler determines a minimum bandwidth requirement of each job and determines a maximum bandwidth limit of each job. The scheduler determines a flex parameter of each job. The flex parameter indicates how much a data transfer rate can vary between adjacent data transfer periods for the job.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for protecting data in an electronic communications environment. An interested entity establishes one or more controls for a received unit of data. At a source device in the electronic communications network, the unit of data is encapsulated with self-protection security data that includes the one or more controls. The encapsulated unit of data is delivered from the source device to a destination device in the electronic communications network. A data broker facilitates the delivery of the data to the destination device according to the controls. Facilitating the delivery of the data includes: identifying for the receiving device a collection of services corresponding to the controls independently of the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may communicate using a data flow that is defined according to flow identification information (FII). The WTRU may participate in the transfer of the data flow between access networks of diverse radio access technologies. The WTRU may communicate with a mobility function to obtain access network and mobility policy information. The mobility function may be, for example, an Access Network Discovery Function (ANDSF). The mobility policy information may describe the conditions by which the transfer of data flows between access networks may be permitted.

Abstract: A network switching device (101) for quantifying available service-level capacity of a network (201) for projected network traffic. The network switching device (101) includes at least one input port (110-1a), at least one output port (110-6a), at least one packet-handling module, and at least one test-packet module. At least one packet-handling module is coupled to an input port (110-1a) and an output port (110-6a). At least one test-packet module is coupled with at least one network switching-device module. The test-packet module is to affect presence of a test packet in the network (201) for quantifying available service-level capacity of the network (201) for projected network traffic. A packet-injection system and method for quantifying available service-level capacity of the network (201) for projected network traffic are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for client-allocatable bandwidth pools are disclosed. A system includes a plurality of resources of a provider network and a resource manager. In response to a determination to accept a bandwidth pool creation request from a client for a resource group, where the resource group comprises a plurality of resources allocated to the client, the resource manager stores an indication of a total network traffic rate limit of the resource group. In response to a bandwidth allocation request from the client to allocate a specified portion of the total network traffic rate limit to a particular resource of the resource group, the resource manager initiates one or more configuration changes to allow network transmissions within one or more network links of the provider network accessible from the particular resource at a rate up to the specified portion.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate providing quality of service (QOS) functionality on a host device or tethered processor to conserve resources on a network device. In particular, the host device/tethered processor can classify QOS data and manage QOS flows, transmitting data by flow to the network device. The data from the QOS flows can be tagged to identify the flow and/or characteristics thereof allowing the wireless device to simply route the data to its respective flow. Thus, the network device is saved from such classification and flow management freeing resources to provide increased performance and decreased power consumption.

Abstract: Stacked (i.e., hierarchically arranged) rate wheels schedule traffic flows in a network. A first rate wheel operates to efficiently schedule traffic flows in which traffic shaping parameters may be applied to individual traffic flows. A second rate wheel schedules group of the traffic flows in which traffic shaping parameters may be applied at the group level. In the context of an ATM network, the first rate wheel may operate at the virtual circuit level and the second rate wheel may operate at the virtual path level.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a system, network node, and method of providing voice communications in a wireless packet communications system includes registering a communications path between a gateway (GW) and a base station (BS); establishing a real-time service flow in the BS; activating the real-time service flow over an air interface between the BS and a terminal device; requesting, by the terminal device, that zero bandwidth be allocated by the BS to the activated real-time service flow in the absence of voice traffic to or from the terminal device; requesting, by the terminal device, that sufficient bandwidth be allocated by the BS to the activated real-time service flow when voice traffic to or from the terminal device is detected by the terminal device; and transmitting and/or receiving the voice traffic over the registered communications path via the activated real-time service flow.