Abstract: The present invention discloses a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam domain robust precoding transmission method and system. The method is based on base station (BS)-side and user-side refined sampling steering vector matrices, and considers the influence of channel aging caused by mobility, where obtained channel state information is refined beam domain a posteriori statistical channel information including channel mean and variance information.

Abstract: To control a hybrid dynamical system, a predictive feedback controller formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem including nonlinear functions of continuous optimization variables representing the continuous elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system and/or one or multiple linear functions of integer optimization variables representing the discrete elements of the operation of the hybrid dynamical system. The MINLP problem is formulated into a separable format ensuring that the discrete elements of the operation are present only in the linear functions of the MINLP problem. The MINLP problem is solved over multiple iterations using a partial convexification of a portion of a space of the solution including a current solution guess. The partial convexification produces a convex approximation of the nonlinear functions of the MINLP without approximating the linear functions of the MINLP to produce a partially convexified MINLP.

Abstract: An IQ generator capable of consuming lower power and occupying smaller die area. The IQ generator is configured without any synthesizer and divide-by-2 circuitry. The IQ generator may be configured to convert one or more phase outputs of a test tone generator (TTG) into I and Q signals. The IQ generator may receive as inputs differential outputs of a single phase of a TTG and/or multiple phase outputs of a TTG. The IQ generator may include one or more delay paths configured to generate the I and Q signals, and a calibration circuitry configured to compare the average pulse widths of the I and Q signals and provide one or more control signals to the one or more delay paths such that the I and Q signals are orthogonal in phase.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method (200) in a network device for data transmission over a front haul interface between a first unit and a second unit. The method (200) includes: compressing (210), at the first unit, time domain data in frequency domain and/or spatial domain; transmitting (220) the compressed time domain data along with an associated compression parameter over the front haul interface from the first unit to the second unit; and decompressing (230), at the second unit, the compressed time domain data based on the compression parameter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of distortion compensation during data transmission uses an interweaved look-up table (ILUT) to mitigate residual signal distortions in a signal transmitted over a transmission link. The ILUT interweaves states across both an I and a Q tributary to calculate mean error and an extended symbol basis. As a result, the method works particularly well against two-dimensional distortions like nonlinearity, IQ-imbalance, and quadrature error. The method may be used for either pre-compensation when it is combined with k-means clustering in a transmitter or post-compensation when it is combined with maximum likelihood (ML) detection in a receiver.

Abstract: Embodiments of an access point (AP) station (STA) configured for operating in a next-generation (NG) wireless local area network (WLAN) (i.e., EHT) are generally described herein. In some embodiments, a comb resource unit (RU) structure may be used to distribute tones of an RU across a wider bandwidth for narrow RU power spectral density (PSD) boosting for longer-range transmission in EHT to meet ETSI and/or FCC limitations.

Abstract: The invention discloses a modulator, a demodulator and a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system comprises a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator is suitable for generating a target linear frequency modulation signal, wherein the target linear frequency modulation signal is a signal of which the frequency is varied linearly over time, wherein the phase of the target linear frequency modulation signal is determined by an initial frequency and a frequency stepping of the target linear frequency modulation signal, and the frequency stepping is determined by the bandwidth of the target linear frequency modulation signal and the spreading factor of the target linear frequency modulation signal. The demodulator is suitable for demodulating the target linear frequency modulation signal. According to the scheme, power consumption can be reduced while long-distance signal transmission is realized.

Abstract: Provided are a data modulation method and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method includes: modulating a data sequence [b(i)] to obtain a data sequence [s(k)]; wherein [s(k)] has the following characteristics: in a case where k = 2 ? i , s ? ( k ) = e j ? ( ? 2 ? ( i ? ? mod ? ? 2 ) + ? ) 2 ? [ ( 1 - 2 ? b ? ( i ) ) + j ? ( 1 - 2 ? b ? ( i ) ) ] , or ? ? s ? ( k ) = e j ? ( ? 2 ? i + ? ) 2 ? [ ( 1 - 2 ? b ? ( i ) ) + j ? ( 1 - 2 ? b ? ( i ) ) ] ; in a case where k = 2 ? i - 1 , s ? ( k ) = 1 2 ? ( s ? ( k - 1 ) + s ? ( k + 1 ) ) , or ? ? s ? ( k ) = ( s ? ( k - 1 ) ? s ? ( k + 1 ) ) 1 2 ; wherein i and k are non-negative integers, and ? is a preset constant.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatuses are provided for transmitting and receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. A method includes encoding first signaling information for a physical layer to generate a first coded block; encoding second signaling information to generate a second coded block; and transmitting a frame including the first coded block, the second coded block, and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits. The second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information comprises information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type used for the second signaling information. The second signaling information comprises information indicating a modulation scheme of a related PLP, and information indicating a code rate of the related PLP.

Abstract: An electronic device, according to various embodiments of the present invention, comprises: a first speaker arranged on one side end of the electronic device; a second speaker arranged on the other side end of the electronic device; at least one sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor may be configured so as to receive a first audio signal, acquire a first channel signal and a second channel signal by using the first audio signal, acquire state information associated with the electronic device by using the at least one sensor, correct at least one portion of the first channel signal on the basis of at least the state information, output the corrected first channel signal using the first speaker, and output the second channel signal using the second speaker. In addition, various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: A 10BASE-T1S PHY method and apparatus are provided for receiving an analog MDI signal conveying DME-encoded data at a receiver comparator to generate a digital output signal, processing the digital output signal using a pulse encoder to generate a pulse-coded output signal with pulses generated at each rising or falling transition in the digital output signal, processing the pulse-coded output signal with an output driver to generate a pulse-coded driver output signal that is transmitted to a receiver interface pin RX, processing the pulse-coded driver output signal with an input comparator to generate a pulse-coded comparator output signal, processing the pulse-coded comparator output signal using a pulse decoder to generate a DME-encoded PMA input signal in which timing asymmetries caused by processing at the receiver comparator and/or output driver have been eliminated, and then processing DME-encoded PMA input signal at a digital PHY circuit in the Ethernet PHY.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame for signaling a time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving on a BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling a time interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaver for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs).

Abstract: A wireless communications system and a method therein for transmission of a downlink signal in a wireless communications network supporting beamforming. The system estimates uplink channel information for a radio link from a wireless device to a radio network node. Further, the system obtains downlink beamforming information related to the estimated uplink channel information from a machine learning unit. The machine learning unit comprises relationships between beamforming information and uplink channel information determined based on stored pairs of reported downlink beamforming information and measured uplink channel information. The obtained downlink beamforming information is applicable for the radio cell sector. Furthermore, the system transmits, towards the wireless device, a beamformed downlink signal using the obtained downlink beamforming information.

Abstract: A data unit comprising bits to transmit over one or more frequency segments in a frequency range is obtained. An effective bandwidth in each frequency segment of the frequency range is determined, where the effective bandwidth excludes bandwidth of one or more punctured subchannels in a respective frequency segment. Bits are encoded based on the effective bandwidth of each frequency segment followed by parsing the encoded bits to one or more streams and parsing the encoded bits of a stream to the one or more frequency segments. The parsing of the encoded bits of the stream comprises allocating a first number of consecutive encoded bits to a first frequency segment and allocating a second number of consecutive encoded bits to a second frequency segment, wherein the first number and the second number are based on the effective bandwidth of the first frequency segment and the second frequency segment. The encoded bits are modulated and mapped to subcarriers for transmission.

Abstract: A Communication System includes a first power supply channel including a first impedance and a second impedance, and configured to transfer electrical power from a first power source to a first load. The first power supply channel is configured to electrically couple to the first power source via a first common mode choke. The communication system also includes a second power supply channel comprising a third impedance and a fourth impedance, and configured to transfer electrical power from a second power source to a second load. The second power supply channel is configured to electrically couple to the second power source via a second common mode choke. The communication system further includes a first transceiver comprising a first output pin electrically coupled to the first power supply channel and a second output pin electrically coupled to the second power supply channel at a first end of the communication system.

Abstract: A reference signal configuration method, a network side device and a User Equipment (UE) are provided. The reference signal configuration method includes: configuring a reference signal configuration parameter for the UE; and transmitting the reference signal configuration parameter to the UE. The reference signal configuration parameter is used by the UE to transmit a reference signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency module is capable of at least one of simultaneously transmitting, simultaneously receiving, or simultaneously transmitting and receiving a radio frequency signal of a first communication band and a radio frequency signal of a second communication band. The radio frequency module includes: a module board including a first principal surface and a second principal surface on opposite sides of the module board; a first duplexer having, as pass bands, a transmission band and a reception band of the first communication band; and a second duplexer having, as pass bands, a transmission band and a reception band of the second communication band. The first duplexer is disposed on the first principal surface and the second duplexer is disposed on the second principal surface.

Abstract: A system and method for generating communications waveforms that can operate in congested frequency spaces and in applications in which the receiver is moving with respect to the transmitter is provided. In one or more examples, each symbol to be encoded and transmitted is converted into a sequence of frequency chirps. The sequence of frequencies used by the sequence of chirps is based on the symbol that is to be encoded. Each chirp can have a center frequency, and the frequency can be swept over the duration of the chirp. In this way each chirp can have a varying frequency over the duration of the chirp, but the phase of the chirp can be continuous throughout the duration of the chirp. The bandwidth and sweep rate of the chirp can be based on the expected maximum velocity of the receiver and the transmitter relative to one another.

Abstract: A method and a device for transmitting a PPDU in a WLAN system are proposed. Specifically, a transmission device generates a PPDU and transmits the PPDU to a reception device through a 320 MHz band. The PPDU includes a legacy preamble and an EHT field, and the legacy preamble includes an L-STF and an L-LTF. The legacy preamble is generated by applying a first phase rotation value or a second phase rotation value. The first phase rotation value is obtained based on a third phase rotation value and a fourth phase rotation value. The third phase rotation value is a phase rotation value obtained by repeating a phase rotation value defined when the PPDU is transmitted in an 80 MHz band four times. The fourth phase rotation value is a phase rotation value defined for each 80 MHz band in the 320 MHz band based on an optimal PAPR of the L-STF.

Abstract: A quantum write controller includes an in-phase path that includes a first digital to analog converter (DAC) configured to receive an in-phase signal at a first frequency, a first mixer configured to create a third in phase frequency, a first combiner configured to combine an output of the first mixer with an output of a third mixer, and a second mixer configured to mix an output of the first combiner with a fourth in phase frequency. There is a quadrature path that includes a second DAC configured to receive a quadrature phase signal at the first frequency, a third mixer configured to create a third quadrature frequency, a second combiner configured to combine the output of the third mixer with the output of the first mixer, and a fourth mixer configured to mix an output of the second combiner with a fourth quadrature frequency.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node includes generating a plurality of modulation symbols for information bits; determining a symbol mapping pattern based on a number Nt of antennas of the first communication node, a number NL of spatial layers multiplexed in a same frequency resource, and a number NSSF of modulation symbols belonging to one space-frequency grid; mapping the plurality of modulation symbols to a space-frequency domain based on the symbol mapping pattern; and transmitting the plurality of modulation symbols mapped to the space-frequency domain to a second communication node using the antennas.

Abstract: PBCH design may affect timing indication in a wireless network and polar code interleaver design, among other things. Mechanisms may indicate half frame timing though de-modulation reference signal sequence initialization, de-modulation reference signal mapping order, or de-modulation reference signal resource element location.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for pilot design for Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). In certain aspects, the method generally includes determining at least one binary code sequence to use as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a channel transmitted across one or more subframes using one or more tones within a resource block (RB) allocated to the UE for narrowband communication, and transmitting the channel including the DMRS using the one or more tones and the determined binary code sequence. In certain aspects, the binary code sequence may be determined based on a binary random sequence, such as pseudo noise (PN) or Gold sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame corresponding to a time interleaver supporting a plurality of operation modes are disclosed.

Abstract: A transmission method of simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals. One of signal generation processing in which phase change is performed and signal generation processing in which phase change is not performed is selectable, thereby improving general versatility in signal generation.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit acting as a line driver in a line between a central station and field devices connected thereto comprising: a DC/DC converter integrated in the circuit as a power stage comprising a DC/pulse converter with two electrically isolated switching stages; a logic block preceding the converter, generating control signals for the switches from a PWM signal and feeding them into the converter in an electrically isolated manner using drivers; a priority block generating the PWM signal; a first and a second controller. The priority block forwards output from the first or second controller. The first controller generates a fault signal based on a voltage limit and an output voltage fed back within the amplifier circuit via a feedback path. The second controller generates a fault signal based on a current limit and the output current. The central station defines the current limit and the voltage limit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for power line control of devices. The system operates in two modes. In mode one, the system operates on an open loop architecture with a controller generating a sinusoidal wave using a crystal oscillator. Control information is added to the sinusoidal wave by alternating the output of two phase shifted waves which have the same frequency and amplitude to form a control signal. The resulting control signal is sent on a power line. The control signal is received using a crystal filter, decoded and converted to executable instructions for the devices and data parameters for sensors. In mode two, the system operates on a hybrid open loop/closed loop architecture where devices are jointly controlled by the controller and the sensors.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). For example, an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) may be configured to encode a Physical Layer (PHY) Service Data Unit (PSDU) of at least one user in an EDMG PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to an EDMG Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding scheme, which is based at least on a count of one or more spatial streams for transmission to the user; and transmit the EDMG PPDU in a transmission over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Abstract: The present disclosure aims at allowing a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pattern suitable for a terminal to be selected from among a plurality of DMRS patterns including Legacy DMRS and Reduced DMRS. Disclosed is a terminal including: reception section 21 that receives uplink control information; control section 23 that determines a specific mapping pattern from among a plurality of mapping patterns for an uplink DMRS on the basis of the control information; and DMRS generating section 24 that generates a DMRS according to the specific mapping pattern.

Abstract: A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus comprises an encoder that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation from one or several groups of constellations each comprising one or more constellations.

Abstract: A repetition unit (212) performs a repetition for mapping a data signal and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) repeatedly at a symbol level over a plurality of subframes. A signal allocation unit (213) maps, in the a plurality of subframes, the repeated DMRS to symbols other than symbols corresponding to an SRS resource candidate, which is a candidate for a resource to which a sounding reference signal (SRS) to be used to measure an uplink received signal quality is to be mapped. A transmission unit (216) transmits an uplink signal (PUSCH) including the DMRS and the data signal over the a plurality of subframes.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). For example, an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) may be configured to encode a Physical Layer (PHY) Service Data Unit (PSDU) of at least one user in an EDMG PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to an EDMG Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding scheme, which is based at least on a count of one or more spatial streams for transmission to the user; and transmit the EDMG PPDU in a transmission over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Abstract: For example, an EDMG STA may generate an LDPC coded bit stream for a user based on data bits for the user in an EDMG PPDU, the LDPC coded bit stream for the user including a concatenation of a plurality of LDPC codewords, a count of the plurality of LDPC codewords is based at least on a codeword length for the user and on a code rate for the user; generate encoded and padded bits for the user by concatenating the LDPC coded bit stream with a plurality of coded pad zero bits, a count of the coded pad zero bits is based at least on a count of one or more spatial streams for the user and on the count of the plurality of LDPC codewords for the user; and distribute the encoded and padded bits for the user to the one or more spatial streams for the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhanced link adaptation are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a network node includes calculating an actual RE efficiency based at least in part on an actual TBS obtained from a specification. The TBS may be obtained from a specification based on LA result and actual buffer data volume. The method also includes determining a real BLER from a searchable repository, based on the actual RE efficiency and an actual BLER. The method may further include calculating an actual outer-loop adjustment (OLA) step based on the actual BLER. The method may further include a dynamic outer-loop up/down step adjustment based on the actual OLA step.

Abstract: Examples described herein include methods, devices, and systems which may compensate input data for non-linear power amplifier noise to generate compensated input data. In compensating the noise, during an uplink transmission time interval (TTI), a switch path is activated to provide amplified input data to a receiver stage including a coefficient calculator. The coefficient calculator may calculate an error representative of the noise based partly on the input signal to be transmitted and a feedback signal to generate coefficient data associated with the power amplifier noise. The feedback signal is provided, after processing through the receiver, to a coefficient calculator. During an uplink TTI, the amplified input data may also be transmitted as the RF wireless transmission via an RF antenna. During a downlink TTI, the switch path may be deactivated and the receiver stage may receive an additional RF wireless transmission to be processed in the receiver stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using Euclidean modulation in an antenna are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for controlling an antenna comprises mapping a desired modulation to achievable modulation states, mapping modulation values associated with the achievable modulation states to one or more control parameters, and controlling radio frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements using the one or more control parameters to perform beam forming.

Abstract: A method and device for notifying and determining De Modulation Reference Signal (DMRS) ports or a mapping relationship is provided. The method includes: a sending end sends indication information to a receiving end in a Transmission Mode (TM), and the sending end indicates allocation information about DMRS ports or a mapping relationship according to the indication information, and the indication information includes at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, physical layer New Data Indication (NDI) bit, and DMRS pilot scrambler configuration information nscid.

Abstract: A transmitter circuit applicable to a digital isolator is provided, adapted to receive a data input signal and coupled to an isolation barrier, developing a receiver input signal to a receiver circuit for generating a data output signal. The transmitter circuit generates a transmitter output signal in response to a rising edge and falling edge of the data input signal, and includes a rising and falling converter for outputting a converted data input signal according to the rising edge and falling edge of the data input signal, a delay and logic unit for receiving the converted data input signal and generating a carrier signal, and an AND gate receiving the converted data input signal and the carrier signal, and outputting the transmitter output signal. Since a number of pulses of the carrier signal is limited and definite, the present invention achieves to reduce power consumption and electromagnetic interferences effectively.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) means are disclosed for enabling network operators to optimize 5G and 6G messaging performance, in real-time. AI models, or fieldable algorithms derived therefrom, can select an appropriate modulation scheme according to network conditions. Modulation variables can then be adjusted to optimize performance, such as throughput or failure rates, for low or high traffic densities. Three development phases are described: network data acquisition including faults experienced under various network conditions, AI structure tuning for accurate prediction of performance, and implementation of a fieldable algorithm based on the AI structure. Network operators can use the fieldable algorithm to compare predicted performance metrics in real-time, according to various operating conditions (such as available modulation schemes), and thereby adjust particular modulation parameters (such as amplitude or phase levels).

Abstract: Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: For example, an EDMG STA may generate an LDPC coded bit stream for a user based on data bits for the user in an EDMG PPDU, the LDPC coded bit stream for the user including a concatenation of a plurality of LDPC codewords, a count of the plurality of LDPC codewords is based at least on a codeword length for the user and on a code rate for the user; generate encoded and padded bits for the user by concatenating the LDPC coded bit stream with a plurality of coded pad zero bits, a count of the coded pad zero bits is based at least on a count of one or more spatial streams for the user and on the count of the plurality of LDPC codewords for the user; and distribute the encoded and padded bits for the user to the one or more spatial streams for the user.

Abstract: One coding method of a plurality of coding methods including at least a first coding method and a second coding method is selected, an information sequence is encoded by using the selected coding method, and an encoded sequence obtained by performing predetermined processing on the information sequence is modulated and transmitted. The first coding method is a coding method having a first coding rate, for generating a first encoded sequence by performing puncturing processing on a generated first codeword by using a first parity check matrix. The second coding method is a coding method having a second coding rate, for generating a second encoded sequence by performing puncturing processing on a generated second codeword by using a second parity check matrix that is different from the first parity check matrix, the second coding rate after the puncturing process being different from the first coding rate.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). For example, an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) station (STA) may be configured to encode a Physical Layer (PHY) Service Data Unit (PSDU) of at least one user in an EDMG PM Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to an EDMG Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding scheme, which is based at least on a count of one or more spatial streams for transmission to the user; and transmit the EDMG PPDU in a transmission over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving sounding reference signal (SRS) symbols from antenna elements of each of multiple modular antenna arrays, wherein the multiple modular antenna arrays are operatively combined to form a coherent antenna system, performing an uplink (UL) channel estimation and a downlink (DL) channel estimation, across a plurality of physical resource blocks (PRBs), based on the SRS symbols, calculating, for the antenna elements, a plurality of uplink (UL) combining weights based on the UL channel estimation and a plurality of downlink (DL) precoder weights based on the DL channel estimation, and causing the plurality of UL combining weights and the plurality of DL precoder weights to be applied to the antenna elements, thereby adjusting beamforming of the coherent antenna system. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for enhanced cell detection by a User Equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a transceiver configured to receive a discovery reference signal (DRS) occasion from at least one transmission point. The DRS occasion comprising a set of consecutive DRS sub-frames. The UE also includes processing circuitry configured to: in response to detecting a physical cell identity (PCID) of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)/Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS) that is the same as a reference PCID for a configured Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource, the processing circuitry attempts to detect or measure the CSI-RS using the timing obtained from the PSS/SSS/CRS; and in response to not detecting a PCID of PSS/SSS/CRS that is the same as the reference PCID for a configured CSI-RS resource (TP), the processing circuitry does not attempt to detect or measure the CSI-RS.

Abstract: A pluggable optical module according to the present invention includes a pluggable electric connector configured so as to be insertable into and removable from an optical transmission apparatus, and capable of transmitting/receiving a data signal to/from the optical transmission apparatus, a drive unit configured to output first/second driving signals by amplifying the data signal, an optical signal output unit configured to output a first/second optical signal modulated according to the first/second drive signal, a light-intensity monitoring unit configured to monitor intensities of the first/second optical signals, a control unit configured to control a gain of the drive unit so as to adjust a difference between the intensities of the first/second optical signals based on a result of the monitoring by the light-intensity monitoring unit, and a pluggable optical receptor configured so that an optical fiber can be inserted thereinto and removed therefrom, and configured to output the first/second optical sign

Abstract: It is presented a method for modulating data for transmission over a communication channel to a receiver network entity. The method is performed in a transmitter network entity and comprises the step of: modulating data in accordance with a modulation scheme, the modulation scheme comprising a first set of constellation points respectively representing only one bit sequence and a second set of constellation points respectively representing two different bit sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting PPDU in a wireless LAN system are proposed. Specifically, a transmitter generates the PPDU, and transmits the PPDU to a receiver through a 320 MHz band in which some bands are punctured. The PPDU includes a legacy preamble and an EHT field. The legacy preamble includes L-STF and L-LTF. The legacy preamble is generated by applying a first phase rotation value or a second phase rotation value. The first phase rotation value is obtained on the basis of a third phase rotation value and a fourth phase rotation value. The third phase rotation value is a phase rotation value having repeated a phase rotation value defined for an 80 MHz band in an 802.11ax system. The fourth phase rotation value is a phase rotation value defined in units of the 80 MHz band in the 320 MHZ band on the basis of an optimal PAPR of the L-LTF.

Abstract: A technique for performing a multi-layer transmission of data on a radio frequency is described. The multi-layer transmission comprising multiple layers each having a different robustness on the radio frequency. As to a method aspect of the technique, a contention procedure is performed with respect to each of a plurality of access classes, ACs, for accessing the radio frequency. The multi-layer transmission is performed upon success of the contention procedure of at least one of the ACs. In a transmission opportunity defined by the successful contention procedure, data associated with the successful AC is transmitted on a main layer of the multi-layer transmission simultaneously with data associated with at least one further AC on at least one further layer, which is less robust than the main layer of the multi-layer transmission.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus of transmitting broadcast signals. The apparatus includes, an encoder for encoding service data, a bit interleaver for bit interleaving the encoded service data, a mapper for mapping the bit interleaved service data into a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) symbols to build at least one signal frame, an OFDM modulator for modulating data in the built at least one signal frame by an OFDM scheme and a transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data.