Abstract: A container for radiographic film cassettes particularly adapted for adhering to surfaces. In combination, a container comprises a substantially flatened container space therein for receiving and x-ray cassette, with one end of the container permanently closed, and the second end adaptable between opened and closed positions. The container would further comprise a plurality of suction cup members substantially located at each corner of the container for suctionally adhering to the surface to be x-rayed. There is further provided a pair of handle members extending along the top side of the container for manually gripping the handle members for removing the container from the surfaced x-rayed by overcoming the suction between the container and the surface.

Abstract: A high intensity microfocus x-ray source for the inspection of superalloy objects and the like operates at a voltage of the order of 400-500 kV with an electron beam focal spot size of the order of 2-10 mils and at power levels of tens to hundreds of kilowatts and affords a brightness improvement of at least three thousand over conventional x-ray sources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the non-destructive testing of the internal structure of objects.The system comprises an object support, an X-ray generator and means for the detection of the attenuated X-ray beam from the object. The system also comprises means for controlling the successive displacements of the support relative to a fixed reference mark in such a way that the incident beam scans a sectional plane of the object, and means for processing the signals from the detection means for the purpose of displaying a section of the object in the sectional plane, the generator and detection means being fixed with respect to the reference mark.Application to the inspection and testing of objects by X-rays.

Abstract: A strip (B), generally trapezoidal in cross-section, traverses a measurement plane at the level of a line of passage (L). Two identical collimated radioactive sources (120, 121) are disposed to provide a substantially constant flux of radiation at the level of the line of passage (L). An elongate ionization chamber (310) receives at least all the radiation traversing the strip. The variations in the output signal of the ionization chamber indicate the presence in the strip of possible localized air inclusions or overweights.The invention can be applied in particular to the inspection of rubber strip intended for the manufacture of tires.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, detecting voids in or on the surface of cast metal comprises passing a substantially collimated beam of photons through the cast metal, detecting the photon flux emerging from the cast metal with a photon detector, and estimating the size and location of any void present in or on the cast metal from the standard deviation of the output of the photon detector with calculating means.

Abstract: A novel method and system for the detection of voids or other composition anomalies in wires and particularly in composite wires is provided, which comprises a source of penetrating radiation, such as an X-ray, gamma or neutron source for irradiating the wire; a fluid bath in which the wire is immersed or through which the wire may be moved, the bath containing a material having a linear coefficient of attenuation for the radiation closely matching that of a standard or ideal composition wire; and a detector system for observing and comparing the transmission of the radiation through the bath and wire with that through the bath only, or through the bath and wire with that through the bath containing a normal or standard wire.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting voids in metal strip that are otherwise invisible through the use of X-ray radiation. The apparatus and method provide continuous and automatic inspection of sheet metal for localized voids through the continuous analysis of an electrical signal for departures from a norm, corresponding to homogeneousness, that represents such voids.

Abstract: A method for determining the alignment of adjoining metal objects is provd. The method comprises producing an X-ray image of adjoining surfaces of the two metal objects, the X-ray beam being tangential to the point the surfaces are joined. The method is particularly applicable where the alignment of the two metal objects is not readily susceptible to visual inspection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for testing a body which comprises periodic structures. The device includes an image forming device for determining measurement signals representing the periodic structures, and a further electronic device. This electronic device forms the frequency spectrum from neighboring measurement values in the direction of the periodic body structures, suppresses the fundamental and higher harmonics (G,B.sub.1,B.sub.3) of the periodic structures in the relevant spectrum, and retransforms the spectrums thus modified for application to an image evaluation device.

Abstract: An X-ray photographic inspecting device for inspecting a welded part such as, for example, a vertical welded part on a wall to be inspected like the wall of a metal tank, which has a body movable at the upper edge of the wall to be inspected and supported by a supporting leg on the wall to be inspected, an X-ray generator elevationally and movably hung at a guide rail vertically provided at the body, and a radiological transmitter mounted on a support provided at the X-ray generator. This entire device can be operated by a single worker or operator by an operational panel on a gondola, which drives the X-ray generator and the gondola, fixing the body to the wall with magnets or releasing the fixture of the body, urging the transmitter onto the wall to be inspected, bonding the film on the opposite side of the wall to be inspected, and carrying out the X-ray photographing of the welded part on the wall to be inspected.

Abstract: This invention relates to inspection or X-ray testing system for vehicle wheels consisting of a rim and a supporting structure of the kind comprising an X-ray tube, and X-ray screen with a post-positioned monitor and a system for reception of the wheel fed in rim-down, for placing the same into the beam path of the X-ray tube, and for ejecting the wheel after inspection. To shorten the inspection or testing period, the system according to the invention comprises a chute displaceable around a horizontal pivot spindle for the wheel which may be pivoted to the appropriate positions for reception, immobilization during the testing or inspection and the ejection of the wheel. The pivot spindle extends parallel to the X-ray screen as well as to the chute. The chute has a stop system to establish the testing position of the wheel on the chute and a clamping mechanism for immobilizing the wheel slid into the testing position.

Abstract: In an automated real-time radiographic inspection system for detecting flaws, defects or inhomogeneities in manufactured objects, the objects (10, 11, 12, . . . ) to be tested are moved on a conveyor (20) in succession past an X-ray source (30). Penetrating X-ray radiation is transmitted through the objects (10, 11, 12, . . . ) to cause an image to be formed for each object in succession by an electronic imaging system (40). The imaging system (40) generates digital signals representative of the image for each object, and transmits the digital signals to a data processor/comparator (50). One of the objects (10, 11, 12, . . . ) may be considered as a reference object against which the other objects are compared for structural homogeneity. Thus, the electronic images of the objects (11, 12, . . . ) could be compared with the electronic image of, for example, the object (10).

Abstract: An inspection tool for detecting any flaws or defects in the upper end of a string of casing set in the bottom of a body of water. The tool has a cylindrical housing carrying a radiographic-sensitive film which fits over the open end of the string of casing and a radiographic source supported in the axis of the cylindrical housing. Means are provided for raising and lowering the tool.

Abstract: For a given resolution or address dimension, the pattern-writing speed of an electron beam exposure system is increased by utilizing a new mode of raster scanning. In the new mode, the writing spot dimensions of the electron beam are varied rapidly during the scan. In an electron column designed for variable-spot raster scanning, an illuminated aperture is demagnified to form the writing spot. By imaging a first aperture upon a second aperture and rapidly deflecting the image of the first aperture, the portion of the second aperture that is illuminated by the electron beam is altered. In that way, the spot size is selectively varied in a high-speed way during the raster scanning process.

Abstract: The proportion of a radioactive material in a moving mass of material is determined with a sensor which derives an output signal proportional to the mass of radioactive material. The output signal is calibrated against known reference values to give a quantitative value of mass. Problems associated with inhomogeneity of material distribution are overcome by averaging the sensed radiation over a time period. Background radiation can be sensed to determine sufficiency of material or it can be shielded from the sensor.

Abstract: A coal/stone mixture transported on a conveyor is investigated by subjecting it to two radiation beams of differing energies. In a preferred embodiment, the higher energy radiation is collimated into a pencil beam and the lower energy radiation into a fan beam. Detector shielding prevents substantial interference of close-to-surface reactions within the detector deriving from the higher energy beam with detection of the lower energy beam.

Abstract: A cassette particularly for supporting a gamma radiography film (12). Said cassette comprises a channel section bar (1) with two flanges (3, 4) to which a tube (5, 7) is welded. A cooling fluid is made to flow through said tube. The film needs cooling when hot, recently welded parts are inspected for weld defects.