Abstract: Various metals including cobalt nickel and copper can be recovered from a roasted ground ore or waste and particularly from tailings of a pyritic gold ore by leaching with sulphuric acid, oxidizing the separated leach liquor, filtering and partially neutralizing the liquor. In an improved process, the oxidation is effected with peroxomonosulphuric acid and the neutralization with a 60:40 to 40:60 mixture of calcium and sodium hydroxide/oxide. By so doing, it is possible to minimize the number of process stages by elimination of either or both solid/liquid separations and to combine the leach and oxidation stage, or to improve the separation of metals from impurities.

Abstract: A method for separating non-ferrous metals from an iron-containing waste material which includes providing separate contiguous layers of the waste material and a sintering mixture containing a finely divided carbonaceous fuel, passing hot combustion supporting gases, first through the layer of sintering mixture and then through the layer of waste material in a sintering zone under conditions sufficient to sinter the iron containing constituents, and volatilizing off the non-ferrous metals to produce a charge suitable for feeding to a blast furnace.

Abstract: A high quality iron oxide concentrate, suitable as a feed for blast and electric reduction furnaces is recovered from pulverized coal fly ash. The magnetic portion of the fly ash is separated and treated with a hot strong alkali solution which dissolves most of the silica and alumina in the fly ash, leaving a solid residue and forming a precipitate which is an acid soluble salt of aluminosilicate hydrate. The residue and precipitate are then treated with a strong mineral acid to dissolve the precipitate leaving a solid residue containing at least 90 weight percent iron oxide.

Abstract: Metals such as iron, uranium, vanadium, molybdenum and rare earths are reduced to lower oxidation states in various acid media using silicon metal or an iron-silicon alloy. In particular, ferric iron and hexavalent uranium in wet-process phosphoric acid are reduced to the ferrous and tetravalent states, respectively, using silicon metal or an iron-silicon alloy to provide a feed acid which is suitable for extraction with an extractant which is selective for tetravalent uranium such as a mixture of mono- and di-(alkylphenyl) esters of orthophosphoric acid.

Abstract: Novel sequestering agents useful for the extraction of metal values and in various organic syntheses comprise a cross-linked organic polymeric substrate, said substrate having covalently coupled thereto a plurality of functional groups, the free valence of which having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which are identical or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.8, which are also identical or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, a --C.sub.g H.sub.2q --.phi. or C.sub.q H.sub.2+1 --.phi.-- radical, and further wherein q ranges from 1 to about 12, and n, m and p, which are also identical or different, range from 1 to 10, and .phi. is phenyl.

Abstract: A process for the production of a zero valent metal from an aqueous solution of a salt of the metal comprises contacting the solution with polyacetylene for a period of time sufficient to reduce at least a portion of the metal salt to a zero valent metal while leaving the polyacetylene in a substantially non-doped state. The metal salt has a reduction potential of about +0.5V or greater.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of anhydrous aluminium chloride from a mixture of the aluminium chloride with ferrous chloride or ferric chloride, or both, which comprises subjecting the liquid mixture to a reduction in pressure, the conditions being such as to bring about dissociation of compounds of aluminium chloride and ferrous chloride present in the mixture, thereby to form an aluminium chloride-rich vapour and an iron chloride-rich solid and then separately collecting of the iron-and aluminium-rich components under conditions which give the minimum opportunity for recombination.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns primarily the recovery of hydrogen-reduced metals from aqueous solutions of salts thereof, by hydrogen reduction at a porous hydrophobic catalytic barrier, at ordinary temperatures, in an apparatus provided with means to supply hydrogen to one face and aqueous solution to the other face of said barrier.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of nickel, cobalt or manganese from their oxides or silicates wherein such process, which requires the application of heat, is improved by utilizing microwave energy as the source of heat. The microwave energy may be utilized to cause the reduction of these values enabling such reduced values to then be recovered by conventional leaching processes. The microwave energy may also be used in conjunction with the chlorination of such values to produce their chlorides which are subsequently separated from the gangue and then processed by conventional means to obtain the metal values.

Abstract: Metals are extracted from mixtures of oxides or silicates by reacting the mixture at elevated temperature with a gaseous chlorinating agent comprising a mixture of water vapor and hydrogen chloride to selectively chlorinate the desired metal or metals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten from secondary resources such as alloy scrap comprising a refractory metal and base metals such as cobalt nickel, iron, and copper. The scrap is calcined with sodium carbonate in air to convert the refractory metal values to MoO.sub.4.sup..dbd., VO.sub.4.sup..tbd., WO.sub.4.sup..dbd., CrO.sub.4.sup..dbd., and the base metals to water insoluble oxides. A leach of the calcined materials produces a pregnant liquor rich in refractory metals which, after separation of the vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten values, is treated with CO, CHOO.sup.-, CH.sub.3 OH, or HCHO to reduce Cr.sup.+6 to Cr.sup.+3. The carbonate and bicarbonate salts produced as a byproduct of the reduction are recycled to the calcination stage.As a result of the V, W, and Mo partition, a mixed solid comprising CaO.multidot.nV.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaMoO.sub.4, and CaWO.sub.4 is produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten from secondary resources such as alloy scrap comprising a refractory metal and base metals such as cobalt, nickel, iron, and copper. The scrap is calcined with sodium carbonate in air to convert the refractory metal values to MoO.sub.4.sup.=, VO.sub.4.sup..ident., WO.sub.4.sup.=, and CrO.sub.4.sup.= and the base metals to water insoluble oxides. A leach of the calcined materials produces a pregnant liquor rich in refractory metals which, after separation of the vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten values, is treated with CO, CHOO.sup.-, CH.sub.3 OH, or HCHO to reduce Cr.sup.+6 to Cr.sup.+3. The carbonate and bicarbonate salts produced as a byproduct of the reduction are recycled to the calcination stage.As a result of the V, W, and Mo partition, a mixed solid comprising CaO.nV.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaMoO.sub.4, and CaWO.sub.4 is produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten from secondary resources such as alloy scrap comprising a refractory metal and base metals such as cobalt, nickel, iron, and copper. The scrap is calcined with sodium carbonate in air to convert the refractory metal values to MoO.sub.4.sup.=, VO.sub.4.sup..ident., WO.sub.4.sup.=, and CrO.sub.4.sup.= and the base metals to water insoluble oxides. A leach of the calcined materials produces a pregnant liquor rich in refractory metals which, after separation of the vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten values, is treated with CO, CHOO.sup.- CH.sub.3 OH, or HCHO to reduce Cr.sup.+6 to CR.sup.+3. The carbonate and bicarbonate salts produced as a byproduct of the reduction are recycled to the calcination stage.As a result of the V, W, and Mo partition, a mixed solid comprising CaO.nV.sub.2 O.sub.5, CaMoO.sub.4, and CaWO.sub.4 is produced.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of molybdenum, vanadium, and aluminum, as well as of cobalt and nickel, from the residues of hydrodesulfurization catalysts.PRIOR ARTMolybdenum-containing catalysts are used in the petroleum industry for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbons. The hydrodesulfurization treatment consists in contacting petroleum or a petroleum fraction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst so as to remove the sulfur as gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The catalysts used for said purpose generally comprise a support material made of alumina containing, as active components, either molybdenum and cobalt or molybdenum and nickel. Sometimes catalysts in which the support consists of silica in place of alumina are also used.The active components, i.e. molybdenum, cobalt and/or nickel, are present as oxides in the fresh catalysts. The percentages of active components are variable. In most cases, these percentages are of about 10-15% for molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.

Abstract: Metal values may be recovered from metal bearing sources which contain at least two metals, at least one of which is in the form of a sulfide, by treating the aforesaid source with an oxidant at an elevated temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. to about 1500.degree. C. and in the presence of an added promoter comprising a sulfur-containing compound. The treatment will convert at least one metal value to an oxide and at least one metal value is converted to the elemental state which contains a relatively minor amount of a subsulfide. The addition of the sulfur-containing compound will result in an increase in the particle size of the elemental metal, thus permitting the recovery of said metal more readily.

Abstract: Metal values may be recovered from metal bearing sources which contain at least two metals, at least one of which is in the form of a sulfide, by treating the aforesaid source with a mild oxidant at an elevated temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. to about 1500.degree. C. whereby at least one metal value is converted to an oxide and at least one metal value is converted to the elemental state which contains a relatively minor amount of sulfur. Thereafter the metal compounds may be separated and recovered by conventional means.

Abstract: The process comprises oxidation of alkali-metal-containing carbonaceous products at a temperature of at least 800.degree. C. in a fluidized bed of fire-proof particles capable of trapping or fixing the metal elements.

Abstract: A cobaltic oxide hydrate is mixed with spent sulfate electrolyte and the slurry is sparged with air to liberate any entrained chloride ions as gaseous chlorine. Thereafter a reducing agent is used to enable dissolution of the cobalt and obtaining of a chloride-free solution from which, after purification, cobalt can be electrowon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering the chlorine values from iron chloride obtained from the chlorination of an aluminous material containing iron oxide, such as bauxite. The method involves partially dechlorinating ferric chloride in the presence of a reducing agent to form products comprising ferrous chloride and a chloride compound derived from the reducing agent and oxidizing ferrous chloride at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C. to form products comprising ferric chloride and ferric oxide. The ferric chloride is recycled and the chlorine values are recovered as the chloride of the reducing agent which is suitable for recycle to the aluminous chlorination stage or has other industrial utility.

Abstract: In a process for recovering tungsten from cemented tungsten carbide, the cemented tungsten carbide is oxidized to form an oxidized product which is digested in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide to form a water soluble alkali metal tungstate portion and an insoluble portion. The improvement of the present invention provides for recovery of tungsten values from the above mentioned insoluble portion by digesting the insoluble portion in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution with a suitable amount of titanium oxide to promote the formation of a soluble alkali metal tungstate.

Abstract: To a coal-fired furnace that uses electrostatic precipitation or a mechanical collector to collect fly ash, a mix of magnesia-alumina or magnesia-talc is added above the fireball (2600.degree.-3300.degree. F.). The additive increases the mean particle size of the fly ash and reduces its surface resistivity, thereby causing improved collection in the electrostatic precipitators or mechanical collector. Fine particulates containing heavy metals tend to be agglomerated; thus the invention permits recovery of substantial amounts of heavy metal contaminants that would otherwise be lost as stack emission.

Abstract: Metals in oxide, carbonate and/or hydroxide form in ores or ore concentrates are converted to the corresponding carbide by a solid state reaction with carbon. The carbide then is separated in substantially pure form from the gangue constituents and may be converted to the metal.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of cobalt from residues and/or wastes containing the same by converting the cobalt to cobalt oxide. Disclosed herein is a process for recovering cobalt values from cobalt-containing residues by heating the cobalt in the presence of air to form cobalt oxide which can be separated readily from water-soluble salts which may be present therewith.

Abstract: The recovery of metal values such as nickel from a metal bearing source such as lateritic ores in which the metal bearing source is subjected to a reductive roast at an elevated temperature in the range of from about 700.degree. to about 1300.degree. F. in contact with at least one additive and thereafter extracting the metal bearing source in an ammoniacal solution whereby the desired metal such as nickel is leached out and recovered, the yield of the desired metal may be increased by subjecting the source to an annealing process during the reductive roast thereof.

Abstract: Clusters or galaxies of noble metal silver-precipitating nuclei for use in silver diffusion transfer processes are formed by reducing a noble metal salt or complex to form a colloid of noble metal nuclei and inducing instability to said colloid, whereby said galaxies are formed.

Abstract: A positive cobalt electrode for alkaline storage batteries formed to contain aluminum hydroxide. A porous supporting grid of conducting material is immersed in an impregnating solution containing a cobalt salt dissolved in a solvent and at least one aluminum salt in solution. The grid is subsequently immersed in an alkaline medium where the hydroxides are precipitated.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur and arsenic from cobaltiferous ores and recovering an enriched cobalt product is described. The procedure involves the steps of(a) oxidizing said ore at a temperature of at least about 700.degree. C. to reduce the sulfur content of the ore to the desired level,(b) heating said oxidized ore with a reducing agent at a temperature of at least about 700.degree. C. to remove arsenic from the ore, and(c) recovering an enriched cobalt containing solid as the product of the process.

Abstract: A process for the chlorination of a material containing iron and titanium chemically combined with oxygen, comprising feeding the material to be chlorinated, in particulate solid form, into a reaction bed of solids containing ferrous chloride, and reacting it within that bed, at a temperature below the melting point of ferrous chloride, with a controlled amount of chlorine in the presence of sulphur in free or combined form, to produce solid ferrous chloride, titanium chloride, which is volatile at a temperature of operation, and sulphur dioxide, as the principal products of the process.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrochemical cell including a metal sulfide as the positive electrode reactant and lithium alloy as the negative electrochemical reactant with an alkali metal, molten salt electrolyte is disclosed which permits the assembly to be accomplished in air. The electrode reactants are introduced in the most part as a sulfide of lithium and the positive electrode metal in a single-phase compound. For instance, Li.sub.2 FeS.sub.2 is a single-phase compound that is produced by the reaction of Li.sub.2 S and FeS. This compound is an intermediate in the positive electrode cycle from FeS.sub.2 to Fe and Li.sub.2 S. Its use minimizes volumetric changes from the assembled to the charged and discharged conditions of the electrode and minimizes electrode material interaction with air and moisture during assembly.

Abstract: Ferruginous sulfide minerals containing non-ferrous metal values, such as nickel and cobalt are treated to concentrate the non-ferrous metal values in metallic iron. An intimate admixture of finely-divided non-ferrous-metal-bearing ferruginous sulfide minerals, iron oxide, and a suitable reducing agent is maintained at a temperature between about 800.degree. C. and 1000.degree. C. in an atmosphere non-oxidizing to iron to produce a metallic iron alloy containing the non-ferrous metal values from the sulfide minerals. The heated admixture is cooled and the concentrated non-ferrous metal values in the iron alloy are recovered by magnetic separation or hydrocloning.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alumina from mineral component of solid fuels containing aluminum, silicon and iron oxides. The process comprises burning a mixture of a solid fuel with limestone in the following molar ratios of limestone to said oxides: CaO:SiO.sub.2 =2.0, CaO:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1.3-1.8, CaO:Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1.0, at 1700.degree.-1900.degree. C. As a result, a melt is obtained containing calcium compounds: 2CaO.SiO.sub.2, 12CaO.7Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The melt is cooled and leached with soda solutions for extracting alumina. The sludge remaining after the leaching is suitable for Portland cement production. The invention enables a considerable enlargement of the range of starting products for aluminum and cement industries due to the use of the mineral component of solid fuels, an about twofold reduction of capital investments in the alumina production and reduction of the fuel consumption by 30-40%.

Abstract: A pretreatment system is provided for transforming the goethite constituent [FeO(OH)] of goethitic bauxites to hematite and/or magnetite at high temperatures and pressures. The system employs a number of float-type, liquid displacement pressure pumps, both for charging caustic-containing bauxite slurries of high solids concentration to the system and for discharging the treated slurries. The system operates at temperatures in excess of 250.degree. C and up to temperatures required for the total conversion of the goethite content to hematite or magnetite which, in turn, significantly increases the yield of recoverable alumina. Since the slurry to be pretreated is of high solids concentration, e.g.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a low metals content organic material from an easily calcinable solid material, effected by treating a low-melting solid material, resulting from the refining of a hydrocarbon crude oil, with naphtha at an elevated temperature and pressure whereby the resulting solid material, after separation of the liquid organic material, is in condition to be readily calcinable.

Abstract: A process for regenerating waste acid, such as waste hydrochloric acid pickling liquor by producing aqueous hydrochloric acid of pickling concentration and generating iron oxide including that of pigment grade, comprises the steps of (1) concentrating the waste liquor, (2) reacting the concentrated liquor at a temperature below 1000.degree. F.

Abstract: Anion exchange resins containing borohydride counter ions display essentially the same chemical activity as solutions of sodium borohydride but have the added advantage that products treated therewith are not contaminated with sodium ions or borate ions. Thus, alcohols can now be freed of carbonyl components without thereby being contaminated with borate; metal ions, such as silver, can be reduced to the free element; metal ions of groups IV-A to VI-A can be converted to volatile metal hydrides; and transition metal ions can be converted to the boride. The anion exchange resin is prepared by treating a strong base anion exchanger with aqueous sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride. Regeneration of the borohydride form from the borate proceeds directly with aqueous sodium borohydride.

Abstract: Soot produced in the combustion of fuel oil contains valuable metals, such as vanadium and nickel. The soot can be disposed of, and the valuable metals can be recovered, by leaching the soot with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, to extract part of the metal content from the soot, combusting the soot thus leached, and leaching the combustion residue with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, to extract an additional part of the metal content. The solution produced in this second leaching process is preferably returned to the leaching of the soot. Metals can be recovered in a way known per se from the solution produced in the leaching of the soot.

Abstract: Finely-divided metal oxides are prepared by the steps of (a) contacting a compound of a metal with a carbohydrate material to obtain an intimate mixture thereof, (b) igniting this mixture to oxidize the same and to insure conversion of substantially all of said metal compound to a fragile agglomerate of its metal oxide, and (c) pulverizing the product of step (b) to form a finely-divided metal oxide powder having a mean particle size below about 1.0 micron. Certain of the finely-divided metal oxide powders produced by this process have the useful property of sinterability at temperatures significantly lower than metal oxide powders heretofore readily available. The powders are useful in the preparation of high strength compacted shapes for use in high temperature and/or corrosive environment, in the preparation of refractory cements, catalysts, catalysts supports and the like.

Abstract: Method for the recovery of cobalt as cobalt hydrocarbonyl from a water mono- or diacid, cobalt salt solution which is obtained from the cobalt removal from oxo alcohols, preferably after the addition of higher olefins. These solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature in the presence of an organic solvent wherein the water, mono- or diacid cobalt solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of butanol, in which the butanol to solution ratio ranges from 1:2 through 1:5 at a temperature of between about 140.degree. C to 200.degree. C and a pressure of between about 100 and 300 atmospheres in a homogenous phase followed by cooling between about 0.degree. C and 110.degree. C and separation of the butanol-cobalt hydrocarbonyl phase from the water phase.

Abstract: Manganiferous deep sea nodules containing non-ferrous metal values are selectively reduced to reduce manganic oxides to manganous oxide (MnO) and the non-ferrous metal values to the metallic state, and the selectively reduced nodules are then smelted to produce a molten metallic alloy containing the non-ferrous metal values and a slag containing most of the manganese. The molten alloy is blown with a free-oxygen-containing gas to eliminate most of the manganese, and the substantially manganese-free metal is then sulfided to produce a matte suitable for separation and recovery of the non-ferrous metal values. After sulfiding the matte can be blown with a free-oxygen-containing gas to lower the iron content thereof. Not all the iron is removed if it is advantageous to keep a high proportion of cobalt in the matte.

Abstract: This invention relates to an accelerator composition particularly adapted for providing extended shelf life to sheet and bulk molding compound while providing for accelerated cure rates at molding temperatures. The accelerator composition comprises in combination:A cobaltic promotor selected from the group consisting of cobaltic halides, cobaltic salts of monocarboxylic acids having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cobaltic sulfate, and cobaltic beta-diketones; andFrom about 1 to 4,500 parts, per part of cobaltic metal in said cobaltic promoter, of a coupler selected from the group consisting of oxides and hydroxides of calcium and magnesium.

Abstract: The nickel content from low grade nickel lateritic iron ore is upgraded by a combined process of segregation and magnetic separation or flotation. Ground ore is thoroughly mixed with a small quantity of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and coke and is sprayed with a solution of sodium chloride to make appropriate pellets. These pellets are gradually heated under a neutral or a slightly reducing atmosphere to a temperature of 1050.degree. C maximum for up to 90 minutes. Roasting at this temperature is carried out for a predetermined period of time so as to convert all the nickel from the ore to a metallic condition. The roasted material is cooled, ground in a water medium and finally subjected to a wet or dry magnetic separation or flotation separation treatment so as to obtain a rich nickel concentrate.The process may be carried without forming pellets merely by thoroughly mixing the ground ore with sodium chloride, limestone, gypsum and coke.

Abstract: The invention concerns the preparation of acicular particles of mixed oxalates of iron and of one or more metals of the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, zinc, magnesium and cadmium. The method consists in preparing a first solution containing cations of iron and of the divalent metal or metals, and a second solution containing oxalic acid, one of the said solutions further containing Cl.sup.- and SO.sub.4.sup.2.sup.- anions and at least the second solution containing alcohol with preferably a light hydrocarbon. The first solution is poured very slowly (1 drop every 10 seconds) into the second one, conveniently at temperature below 0.degree. C, while the latter is strongly stirred. The concentration in alcohol is preferably maintained at at least 50% in the second solution during the whole pouring process which should be effected with at least a slight excess of oxalic acid.

Abstract: Naphthenohydroxamic acid is prepared by reaction at 25.degree.C to 30.degree.C, equimolar quantities ofA. an ester of naphthenic acid,B. hydroxylamine dissolved in an alcohol/water/alkali metal sulfate slurry wherein the water content of the slurry is insufficient to hydrolyze the ester during conversion to naphthenohydroxamic acid, andC. an alkali metal hydroxide dissolved in alcohol.Naphthenohydroxamic acid is useful as a chelating agent in hydrometallurgy to recover metal values from dilute solution.

Abstract: Method for extracting vanadium-values from vanadium-bearing iron ores and/or iron ore concentrates including mixing the iron ores and/or iron ore concentrates with a calcium containing material, roasting the mix in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature for a time to produce calcium vanadates, comminuting the roasted mix and leaching the comminuted roasted mix in an aqueous solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate compounds to produce vanadates which are readily soluble in the aqueous leaching solution and simultaneously producing substantially insoluble calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate which remains as part of the undissolved residue containing iron-values. The vanadate-rich aqueous leaching solution is separated from the undissolved residue containing iron-values and treated by known methods to recover the vanadium-values. The undissolved residue can be processed to recover the iron-values.