Abstract: A hydrogen storage material and process of forming the material is provided in which complex hydrides are combined under conditions of elevated temperatures and/or elevated temperature and pressure with a titanium metal such as titanium butoxide. The resulting fused product exhibits hydrogen desorption kinetics having a first hydrogen release point which occurs at normal atmospheres and at a temperature between 50° C. and 90° C.

Abstract: A complex aluminum hydride doped with a catalytic material adapted to increase the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the aluminum hydride without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity of the aluminum hydride.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of LiAlH4 solutions, in which lithium hydride reacts with an aluminium halide in diethyl ether to give lithium aluminium hydride, the lithium halide which arises is separated off, and wherein a solvent the complexing energy of which with LiAlH4 is greater than the complexing energy of diethyl ether with LiAlH4 is then added, and the diethyl ether is removed by distillation.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage medium is provided, where the medium is comprised of boron oxide and closely related compounds such as orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, hydrated boric acid, and disodium borohydrate. The medium is substantially an amorphous glassy network, albeit with local regions of order, pores, and networks that provide surface area. Hydrogen is adsorbed by the medium with a heat of adsorption of about 9 kJ/mol to about 13 kJ/mol, a value which is higher than that of the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on carbon. The value for the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on the inventive storage medium is provided by computation, and corroborated by experimental observation. The higher heat of adsorption of the medium provides for operation at temperatures higher temperatures higher than those provided by carbon.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, such composition comprises an amide and a hydride. In a dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an imide.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a portable hydrogen generation system for operating a vehicle powered by either the hydrogen internal combustion engine or a fuel cell using active metals such as sodium potassium, magnesium, aluminum or iron in the form of an emulsion, and a method thereof. The emulsion comprises a metal powder pre-mixed with oil. In the case of sodium, potassium and magnesium, the metal is reacting with water at or near room temperature. However, in the case of aluminum and iron, the metal is reacting with alkali hydroxide solutions. The system is controlled and managed by a microprocessor in order to generate hydrogen on demand at or near room temperature with a very high efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved materials for reversibly storing hydrogen using alkali metal aluminum hydrides (alkali metal alanates) or mixtures of aluminum metal with alkali metal (hydride)s by doping these materials with catalysts having a high degree of dispersion or a large specific surface.

Abstract: A method for reversibly storing hydrogen, characterized in that reversible hydrogen storage materials are used which contain mixtures of aluminum metal with alkali metals and/or alkali metal hydrides and transition metal and/or rare-earth metal catalysts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for directly preparing alkali metal aluminum hydrides such as NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 from either the alkali metal or its hydride, and aluminum. The hydride thus prepared is doped with a small portion of a transition metal catalyst compound, such as TiCl3, TiF3, or a mixture of these materials, in order to render them reversibly hydridable. The process provides for mechanically mixing the dry reagents under an inert atmosphere followed by charging the mixed materials with high pressure hydrogen while heating the mixture to about 125° C. The method is relatively simple and inexpensive and provides reversible hydride compounds which are free of the usual contamination introduced by prior art wet chemical methods.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of LiAlH4 solutions, in which lithium hydride reacts with an aluminium halide in diethyl ether to give lithium aluminium hydride, the lithium halide which arises is separated off, and wherein a solvent the complexing energy of which with LiAlH4 is greater than the complexing energy of diethyl ether with LiAlH4 is then added, and the diethyl ether is removed by distillation.

Abstract: A hydrogen supply unit is provided that can efficiently supply hydrogen gas both to a fuel cell used as a stationary electric power supply and to a fuel cell used as a mobile electric power supply. The hydrogen supply unit includes a reformer 5 that reforms a source gas to generate hydrogen gas, a first storage device 7 that stores hydrogen gas and supplies the hydrogen gas to a first fuel cell 2, and a second storage device 8 that stores hydrogen gas and supplies the hydrogen gas to a second fuel cell 3. For the storage device 8, there is arranged a compressor 13 that pressurizes hydrogen gas. For both storage devices 7 and 8, there is arranged a purifier 6 between the reformer 5 and both storage devices so that both storage devices store purified hydrogen gas. The storage device 7 utilizes a hydrogen absorbing alloy, and releases hydrogen gas by taking advantage of the waste heat of the reformer 5 or the waste heat of the fuel cell 2.

Abstract: Hydrogen storage compositions which liberate hydrogen readily and which are readily regenerated from a dehydrogenated state formed by liberation of hydrogen are derived from an AlH3-based complex hydride incorporating a member selected from a metalloid such as B, C, Si, P and S, a metal such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn, Ga, In and Sn, a metal which forms a stable hydride such as Be, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Y, Zr and La and a second AlH3-based complex hydride.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention provides a nanocrystalline powder suitable for storing hydrogen and a method of producing such a powder. One embodiment provides a nanocrystalline powder containing crystals of an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of NaAlx, LiAlx, and MgAl2x, wherein x is between 0.9 and 1.1, desirably 0.95-1.05, preferably about 1. The nanocrystalline powder also desirably includes an intercalated catalyst selected from the group consisting of C, Ti, Pt, Pd, V, Zr, and combinations of two or more of those materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing hydrogen gas at a desired pressure comprising feeding a hydrogen gas at a first temperature and first pressure from a hydrogen source to heat transfer means comprising cooling means and heating means; cooling the hydrogen gas with the cooling means to provide cooled hydrogen gas; feeding the cooled hydrogen gas to a metal hydride generator containing the metal; forming the metal hydride within the generator; heating the formed metal hydride to a temperature Tp and desired pressure; and releasing the pressurized hydrogen gas at the desired pressure from the generator and producing regenerated metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for rapidly carrying out a hydrogenation of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen. It was discovered that when a powder of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen is ground under a hydrogen pressure, not at room temperature but at a higher temperature (about 300° C. in the case of magnesium) and in the presence of a hydrogenation activator such as graphite and optionally a catalyst, it is possible to transform completely the powder of this material into a hydride. Such a transformation is achieved in a period of time less than 1 hour whereas the known methods call for periods of time as much as 10 times longer. This is an unexpected result which gives rise to a considerable reduction in the cost of manufacture of an hydride, particularly MgH2.

Abstract: A process for enhancing the kinetics of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of complex chemical hydrides using mechanomixing and/or mechanomilling. The mechanomixing makes hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of complex chemical hydrides reversible at much reduced temperature and pressure. The mechanomilling reduces particle size or grain size of the decomposition byproducts, further increasing surface area and intimate contact of the byproducts. In the process of the present invention, complex chemical hydrides can be utilized as a reversible hydrogen storage media for various applications such as transportation, including fuel cells. The process is simple and inexpensive.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions, apparatus and methods for hydrogen storage. In certain embodiments, the compositions comprise sodium alanate and {n5-C5H5}2TiH2. In preferred embodiments, the components of the composition are present in specified molar ratios, for example 0.7 NaH to 1.0 Al to 0.1 Ti. In various embodiments, the hydrocarbon rings coordinating the titanium are removed from the composition, for example by melting at 182° C. or higher or by cyclic discharge and recharge of hydrogen at temperatures of 100° C. or less. Methods for producing and using the claimed compositions are also provided. In various embodiments, the alanate composition may be stored, shipped and used in a modular container, such as a cassette. Exemplary hydrogen utilizing systems and methods for ordering, distribution and shipping of cassettes are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for directly preparing alkali metal aluminum hydrides such as NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 from either the alkali metal or its hydride, and aluminum. The hydride thus prepared is doped with a small portion of TiAl3, in order to improve the reaction kinetics of the hydride compound thus formed. The process provides for mechanically mixing the dry reagents under an inert atmosphere followed by charging the mixed materials with high pressure hydrogen while heating the mixture to about 125° C.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for directly preparing alkali metal aluminum hydrides such as NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 from either the alkali metal or its hydride, and aluminum. The hydride thus prepared is doped with a small portion of a transition metal catalyst compound, such as TiCl3, TiF3, or a mixture of these materials, in order to render them reversibly hydridable. The process provides for mechanically mixing the dry reagents under an inert atmosphere followed by charging the mixed materials with high pressure hydrogen while heating the mixture to about 125° C. The method is relatively simple and inexpensive and provides reversible hydride compounds which are free of the usual contamination introduced by prior art wet chemical methods.

Abstract: A nonreversible metal hydride for use as a hydrogen fuel. The nonreversible metal hydride is formed from an intermetallic compound having the formula Ca1+aLi2+b. The Ca1+aLi2+b is formed by melting amounts of elemental lithium and calcium together by induction heating in an argon atmosphere. The Ca1+aLi2+b is cooled and crushed into a powder. The alloy powder is subsequently hydrogenated at ambient temperatures or lower. Resulting is a metal hydride having exceptional reactivity to water during hydrolysis due to its nano-crystalline structure. Dehydrogenation of the metal hydride does not regularly occur due to the absorbed hydrogen being chemically bonded to the lithium and calcium. The Ca1+aLi2+b hydride may be used in a variety of applications as a hydrogen fuel and the Ca1+aLi2+b alloy may be used as a desiccant for removing moisture from hydrogen or hydrogen containing streams.

Abstract: Alkali metal-carbon compounds may be formed by mixing an alkali metal with carbon. Such alkali metal-carbon compounds absorb hydrogen at lower temperatures and may be useful as hydrogen storage materials in various applications, such as in hydrogen fuel cells.

Abstract: An analytical apparatus including a hydride generator coupled with a a laser-based detection device, with the generator suitable for generating hydrides from a sample, and the detection device positioned to receive hydrides from the hydride generator, and to provide information regarding quantity, identity, presence and/or species of the hydride. A method of processing a sample includes generating hydrides from the sample, and generating information regarding quantity, identity, presence and/or species of the hydride.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composition has a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state; the hydrogenated state comprises a hydrided composition of lithium and an element M which forms a hydride, for example Be or Mg, an element E which forms a compound or solid solution with lithium, e.g. C, B or Zn, or a mixture thereof; there are thus provided reversible Li-based hydrides of high hydrogen capacity.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lithium aluminum hydride solution comprising lithium aluminum hydride, toluene and tetrahydrofuran by the steps of: (a) combining lithium chloride, tetrahydrofuran, and a slurry of sodium aluminum hydride in toluene; and (b) allowing the mixture formed in step (a) to react to form a product mixture comprising lithium aluminum hydride, sodium chloride, tetrahydrofuran and toluene.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material which is an AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy having a CaCu5 type crystal structure represented by general formula:

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrogen storage material comprising a magnesium-containing intermetallic compound which can form a hydride with hydrogen. The intermetallic compound comprises an alloy of magnesium and a trivalent metal selected from the group of Sc, Y, La and the rare earth elements. Preferably, the intermetallic compound comprises a scandium-magnesium alloy. In an advantageous embodiment, the hydrogen storage material also comprises a catalytically active material.

Abstract: Novel reduction compositions are prepared from an active hydride, an additive, and a Lewis base in a hydrocarbon solvent. Such compositions can provide a superior reducing system for organic substrates.

Abstract: Water-laden solid matter is provided which is obtained by adding 40 to 300 weight parts of water to 100 weight parts of inorganic oxide particles synthesized by fumed process or metal evaporation oxidation process, slurry for polishing is provided which is manufactured by using the water-laden solid matter, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the above slurry. Said water-laden solid matter is within a range of 0.3 to 3 g/cm3 in bulk density and within a range of 0.5 to 100 mm&phgr; in average particle size when manufactured granular. Said slurry for polishing is manufactured from the water-laden solid matter, and the average particle size thereof after being dispersed in water is within a range of 0.05 to 1.0 &mgr;m.

Abstract: In a process of producing nanocrystalline metal hydrides, an elemental metal hydride of a first kind is subjected to a mechanical milling process with at least one elemental metal or at least one additional metal hydride to produce an alloy hydride.

Abstract: There is provided a connecting material which can form a detachable connecting structure. According to the connecting material, the connecting portion between a certain object and other object can be more readily formed, and said certain object can be more readily detached from said other object after the formation of the connecting portion.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage composition has a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state; in the hydrogenated state the composition comprises a metallic hydride having a metallic component which reversibly forms the hydride and a metallic heat transfer medium in intimate contact with the hydride which transfers heat to the hydride for dehydrogenation; in use hydrogen is liberated from the composition with transfer of heat to the heat transfer medium, the hydrogenated state may be regenerated by exposing the composition in a dehydrogenated state to hydrogen gas. In this way a source of hydrogen gas is provided which source may be regenerated.

Abstract: Novel reduction compositions are prepared from an active hydride, an additive, and a Lewis base in a hydrocarbon solvent. Such compositions can provide a superior reducing system for organic substrates.

Abstract: Dry homogenized metal hydrides, in particular aluminum hydride compounds, as a material for reversible hydrogen storage is provided. The reversible hydrogen storage material comprises a dry homogenized material having transition metal catalytic sites on a metal aluminum hydride compound, or mixtures of metal aluminum hydride compounds. A method of making such reversible hydrogen storage materials by dry doping is also provided and comprises the steps of dry homogenizing metal hydrides by mechanical mixing, such as be crushing or ball milling a powder, of a metal aluminum hydride with a transition metal catalyst. In anotehr aspect of the invention, a method of powering a vehicle apparatus with the reversible hydrogen storage material is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrogen-absorbing alloy comprising, as a principal phase, at least one kind of phase selected from the group consisting of a first phase having a hexagonal crystal system (excluding a phase having a CaCu5 type crystal structure) and a second phase having a rhombohedral crystal system, the hydrogen-absorbing alloy having a composition represented by the following general formula (1): R1−a−bMgaTbNiZ−X−Y−&agr;M1XM2YMn60   (1) wherein R is at least one kind of element selected from rare earth elements (which include Y), T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Ti, Zr and Hf, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co and Fe, M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, Cu, Si, B, Nb, W, Mo, V, Cr, Ta, Li, P and S, and the atomic ratios of a, b, X, Y, &agr; and Z are respectively a number satisfying the conditions of: 0.15≦a≦0.37, 0≦b≦0.3, 0≦X≦1.

Abstract: Novel hydrides are produced by mechanically alloying at least two different hydrides, preferably at least one simple alkali metal hydride and at least one complex alkali metal hydride such as an alkali metal aluminum hydride; the method of production is simple and can be carried out at room temperature; the novel hydrides are useful as a source of hydrogen and have the particular advantage that after liberation of the hydrogen, the hydride is readily regenerated from the dehydrogenated hydride.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-stoichiometric alloy comprising a composition having the formula AB5+X an atomic ratio wherein A is selected from the group consisting of the rare earth metals, yttrium, mischmetal, or a combination thereof; B is nickel and tin, or nickel and tin and at least a third element selected from the group consisting of the elements in group IVA of the periodic table, aluminum, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, antimony or a combination thereof; X is greater than 0 and less than or equal to about 2.0; and wherein at least one substituted A site is occupied by at least one of the B elements. An electrode incorporating said alloy and an electrochemical cell incorporating said electrode are also described.

Abstract: A process for the reversible storage of hydrogen, characterized in that the complex alkali metal aluminium hydrides (alkali metal alanates) of general formula 1 ##EQU1## are used as the reversible hydrogen storage materials.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen and sulfur from a first gaseous mixture containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia by separating ammonia from the first gaseous mixture to produce a second gaseous mixture containing hydrogen sulfide; combusting a portion of the hydrogen sulfide in the second gaseous mixture to produce a third gaseous mixture containing hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide; heating the ammonia to a temperature of at least 1800.degree. F. to produce a fourth gaseous mixture containing nitrogen and hydrogen; and, combining the third gaseous mixture and the fourth gaseous mixture and passing the combined gaseous mixture to a sulfur recovery process wherein the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are recovered as sulfur.The ammonia may be partially oxidized by the use of substoichiometric amounts of oxygen or thermally dissociated.

Abstract: A method for charging a sample of either a permanent or reversible getter material with a high concentration of hydrogen while maintaining a base pressure below 10.sup.-4 torr at room temperature involves placing the sample of hydrogen getter material in a chamber, activating the sample of hydrogen getter material, overcharging the sample of getter material through conventional charging techniques to a high concentration of hydrogen, and then subjecting the sample of getter material to a low temperature vacuum bake-out process. Application of the method results in a reversible hydrogen getter which is highly charged to maximum capacities of hydrogen and which concurrently exhibits minimum hydrogen vapor pressures at room temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved hydrogen storage alloy of Ti--V--Ni system having a body-centered cubic structure. The alloy is of the general formula Ti.sub.x (V.sub.a Cr.sub.1-a).sub.1-x M.sub.b Ni.sub.c, wherein M represents at least one element of La and Ce or a mischmetal, and wherein 0.5.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.95, 0.01.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.1, 0.1.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.6, and 0.2.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.4; or Ti.sub.x V.sub.y M.sub.z Ni.sub.1-x-y-z, wherein M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Cu, and Ag, and wherein 0.2.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.4, 0.3.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.7, 0.1.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.3, and 0.6.ltoreq.x+y+z.ltoreq.0.95.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for selectively oxidizing hydrogen in a mixture with other gaseous materials by contacting the hydrogen containing gas under oxidation conditions with a catalyst comprising a phosphate of a metal wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lithium aluminum hydride in an ethereal solvent via the metathesis of sodium aluminum hydride and lithium chloride in a one direct step reaction comprising heating together sodium aluminum hydride and lithium chloride in an ethereal solvent at a temperature of 25.degree. C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent until the reaction is complete.

Abstract: There are provided a method of producing a hydrogen halide and oxygen by reacting water with a halogen using activated carbon as a catalyst, a method of producing hydrogen by thermal decomposition of a hydrogen halide using chromium oxide as a catalyst, and a method of producing oxygen and hydrogen by combining these two methods.

Abstract: A method for making metastable compounds of Me metal, argon and hydrogen, comprising the steps of generating a high frequency plasma discharge in a flow of hydrogen-argon gas mixture, the plasma discharge having a higher temperature plasma generating active region and producing a flow of plasma downstream of the plasma discharge; establishing a zone of substantially zero axial flow of the mixture within the active region of the plasma discharge relative to the flow of plasma immediately downstream of the generating means; introducing finely powdered Me metal into or near the zone and within the active region at a rate conducive to evaporation of the metal in the plasma discharge; rapidly cooling the reaction products resulting from interaction of the Me metal with the plasma to precipitate a solid component; and passivating the surface of the solid component.

Abstract: Metals useful in the formation of hydrides for applications such as batteries are advantageously activated by hydriding/dehydriding process. This process involves repeatedly stepping the potential of metal/metal hydride electrodes in electrochemical cells. The process activates hydrogen-storing materials that are difficult to activate by conventional means.

Abstract: This invention disclosures a method to make an improved hydrogen/hydride electrode for electro-chemical applications. The method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing the slurry of hydrogen storage material; (2) pasting the slurry onto and/or into a substrate current collector to make a wet pasted electrode; (3) drying the wet pasted electrode; and (4) sintering the pasted electrode. The aforementioned method is very useful for the hydrogen storage alloy comprising of Ti, 2-70 at. %; Zr, 2-70 at. % and Ni, 5-80 at. %. It is also useful for a pseudo AB.sub.5 - or AB.sub.2 -type alloy. In particular, a high capacity hydrogen storage electrode comprising a multicomponent hydrogen storage alloy having composition represented by the formula: Ti.sub.a Zr.sub.b Ni.sub.c Nb.sub.y R.sub.z M.sub.

Abstract: A method to make new improved high capacity rechargeable hydride batteries comprising steps of (1) preparing an improved hydrogen storage material represented by the composition formula: A.sub.a B.sub.b Ni.sub.c D.sub.y M.sub.x R.sub.z, where A is one or more element chosen from the group of Ti, Zr, Mg; B is one or more elements chosen from the group of Al, V, Mn, Nb, Si, Pd, and Ag; D is one or more elements chosen from the group of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, W and Sn; R is one or more elements chosen from the group of C, B, Ca, Sb, Bi, Y, Hf, Ta, N, O, Ge, Ga and Mm, where Mm is mischmetal; M is one or more elements chosen from the group of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, P and S; and where a, b, c, y, x and z are defined by: 0.10.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.85, 0.01.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.65, 0.02.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.75, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.30, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.30, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.30 and a+b+c+y+x+z=1.00; (2) preparing a high capacity (1.15-2.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention for producing a hydrogen-storing alloy, part or whole of single substance of Zr as a starting material is replaced with a ferrozirconium or a zircalloy. This method enables production of a hydrogen-storing alloy at reduced material and production costs and with high efficiency and safety of work. The alloy produced by this method has high homogeneity with no segregation. It is thus possible to obtain a hydrogen-storing alloy superior in hydrogen-storing characteristics such as hydrogen storage capacity, reaction speed, and electrode reaction efficiency in an electrolyte. It is also possible to obtain, by using this alloy, a nickel-hydrogen storage battery having a large storage capacity and capable of performing quick charging and discharging, while exhibiting longer life and higher economy.

Abstract: A process for the low temperature, low pressure preparation of the hydride product of ferroalloys of Group IV and Group V metals including niobium, tantalum, vanadium, and silicon and the novel hydride product of ferroniobium.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy electrode comprising a hydrogen storage alloy having a major phase of C15 (MgCu.sub.2) type Laves phase with a composition expressed as ZrMn.sub.w M.sub.x Cr.sub.y Ni.sub.z (where M is one or more elements selected from V and Mo), or its hydride. In this formula, one composition range is 0.6.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.8, 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.3, 0<y.ltoreq.0.2, and 1.2.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.5, and the other composition range is 0.6.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.8, 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.3, 0<y.ltoreq.0.2, and 0.8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.2.