Abstract: A fuel cell supply device that generates hydrogen for fuel cells in an aircraft includes a reaction chamber which reacts hydrogenated polysilanes or mixtures thereof with water; a feed device that feeds at least one reactant into the reaction chamber; and a discharge device that leads hydrogen formed in the reaction to a fuel cell.

Abstract: A multiphase hydrogen storage material comprises a lithium compound and a lithium conductor. The hydrogen storage material is capable of undergoing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycles during which the rate of lithium transport is enhanced by the presence of the lithium conductor. A solid state hydrogen storage device and a process of storing and supplying hydrogen are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a compact pressure swing reformer are disclosed. Certain embodiments have a construction comprising multiple rotating reformer beds, high temperature rotary valves at the bed ends, and E-seals to seal the beds to the valves. Several possible designs for introducing reactants into the beds also are disclosed. The multiple reformer beds are configured to provide for pressure equalization and ‘steam push’. The compact pressure swing reformer is suitable for use in fuel cell vehicle applications.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for optimizing a hydrogen producing system is provided. The method of optimizing the hydrogen producing system comprises producing hydrogen gas using a hydrogen producing formulation and removing a chemical substance that reduces the hydrogen gas producing efficiency. Further, the hydrogen producing system comprises a hydrogen producing catalyst, a hydrogen generating voltage applied to the hydrogen producing catalyst to generate hydrogen gas, and a catalyst regenerating device to regenerate the hydrogen producing catalyst to a chemical state capable of generating the hydrogen gas when a hydrogen generating voltage is applied.

Abstract: A reforming exchanger system for syngas production is provided. The reforming exchanger system can have a first and a second reforming exchanger, each with a shell-and-tube configuration, and a shift reactor located intermediate to the first and second reforming exchangers to reduce carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet gas. Processes for forming syngas using the reforming exchanger systems described herein are also provided.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator comprises a reformer configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas through a reforming reaction in an internal space thereof using a material gas and steam; a material gas supply passage through which the material gas is supplied to the reformer; a material gas supplier which is provided at the material gas supply passage to supply the material gas to the reformer; a first valve configured to open and close the material gas supply passage; an evaporator configured to generate a steam supplied to the reformer; a water supplier configured to supply water to the evaporator; a communicating passage for allowing the reformer to communicate with atmosphere; a second valve configured to open and close the communicating passage; and a controller configured to stop the material gas supplier and the water supplier and close the first valve and the second valve at shutdown of the hydrogen generator; and open the second valve prior to opening the first valve when the material gas supplier resumes

Abstract: Liquid compositions of ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine borane material were prepared and subjected to conditions suitable for their thermal decomposition in a closed system that resulted in hydrogen and a liquid reaction product.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst for producing hydrogen, which catalyst has higher performance than conventional catalysts since, for example, it exhibits a certain high level of activity in an aqueous formic acid solution at high concentration even without addition of a solvent, amine and/or the like. The metal phosphine complex is a metal phosphine complex represented by General Formula (1): MHm(CO)Ln, wherein M represents an iridium, iron, rhodium or ruthenium atom; in cases where M is an iridium or rhodium atom, m=3 and n=2, and in cases where M is an iron or ruthenium atom, m=2 and n=3; and the number n of Ls each independently represent a tri-substituted phosphine represented by General Formula (2): PR1R2R3. The catalyst for producing hydrogen comprises the metal phosphine complex as a constituent component.

Abstract: A thermochemical reactor (4) and associated processes are disclosed. The reactor (4) and processes are used to conduct reactions relating to the hydrolysis of cupric chloride (CuCl2) within any one of the five-, four- and three-step Cu—Cl cycles. The reactor (4) comprises a reaction chamber (22) including a first zone (24) configured to conduct a spray operation and a second zone (26) configured to conduct a fluidized, fixed and/or moving bed operation. The first zone (24) includes a first inlet (28) configured to introduce a first reactant and an additional inlet (30) configured to introduce an additional reactant. A distributor (34) is configured to introduce the additional reactant to the second zone (26). One or more product outlets (44, 46) for communication with the reaction chamber (22) are provided.

Abstract: A process for hydrogen production at lower temperature by using Mn/ZnO, Cu/MnO, Cu/CeO2, CuCe/ZnO and/or CuMn/ZnO catalysts, wherein a partial oxidization of methanol (POM) process can be initiated at an ambient reactor temperature lower than 100° C. and then undertaken at a reaction temperature lower than 200° C., and wherein POM process not only generates hydrogen rich gas (HRG) containing 4% CO or less but also generates 1.8 moles hydrogen or more per 1 mole methanol consumed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a corresponding apparatus for converting a biomass reactant into synthesis gas. The method includes the steps of (1) heating biomass in a first molten liquid bath at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is at least about 100° C., but less than the decomposition temperature of the biomass, wherein gas comprising water is evaporated and air is pressed from the biomass, thereby yielding dried biomass with minimal air content. (2) Recapturing the moisture evaporated from the biomass in step 1 for use in the process gas. (3) Heating the dried biomass in a second molten liquid bath at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is sufficiently high to cause flash pyrolysis of the dried biomass, thereby yielding product gases, tar, and char. (4) Inserting recaptured steam into the process gas, which may optionally include external natural gas or hydrogen gas or recycled syngas for mixing and reforming with tar and non-condensable gases.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material includes: a first storage material body (1) which stores hydrogen; and a second storage material body (2) which stores hydrogen, and coats a surface of the first storage material body (1). A hydrogen equilibrium pressure (HP) of the second storage material body (2) is lower than that of the first storage material body (1) at the hydrogen generation temperature of the first storage material body (1).

Abstract: A system for conversion of waste and solar heat energy into a carbon sequestration device, including as a collector for collecting carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide gas source, such as ambient air. The Joule Thompson effect is used to cool and thereby refrigerate/liquefy ambient air and then extracting carbon dioxide therefrom, comprising steps of and means for providing a hydride heat engine, operating the hydride heat engine utilizing hydride thermal compression technology to compress hydrogen gas and thereby to cool ambient air to a temperature rendering air into a refrigerated/liquefied state by use of a Joule-Thompson type process, and extracting carbon dioxide from the refrigerated/liquefied ambient air and collecting the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor photocatalyst for the photocatalytic reforming of biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation, and preparation and use thereof. The semiconductor photocatalyst has the atomic composition ratio of M˜N-Ax; wherein M˜N are IIB group elements to VIA group elements, or IIIA group elements to VA group elements, A being one element or more than two elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, chromium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and silver; and 0.02%?x?1.0%. The method of in-situ preparation of the highly effective semiconductor photocatalyst and catalytically reforming biomass derivatives for hydrogen generation by driving photoreaction with visible light via quantum dots is simple, fast, highly effective, inexpensive and practical. The in situ reaction can occur in sunlight without the need of harsh conditions such as calcination.

Abstract: A process and a device are described for producing high purity and high temperature steam from non-pure water which may be used in a variety of industrial processes that involve high temperature heat applications. The process and device may be used with technologies that generate steam using a variety of heat sources, such as, for example industrial furnaces, petrochemical plants, and emissions from incinerators. Of particular interest is the application in a thermochemical hydrogen production cycle such as the Cu—Cl Cycle. Non-pure water is used as the feedstock in the thermochemical hydrogen production cycle, with no need to adopt additional and conventional water pre-treatment and purification processes. The non-pure water may be selected from brackish water, saline water, seawater, used water, effluent treated water, tailings water, and other forms of water that is generally believed to be unusable as a direct feedstock of industrial processes.

Abstract: A dense hydrogen-permeable layer, such as palladium or palladium alloy, is deposited on a porous hollow fiber. A porous hollow fiber is defined as having an inner diameter of approximately 30 microns to approximately 1500 microns and an outer diameter of approximately 100 microns to approximately 2000 microns. This allows an order-of-magnitude increase in the surface per volume ratio in a hydrogen separation or purification module, or a membrane reformer or reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and methods of generating hydrogen via the hydrolysis or solvolyis of a compound of the formula (I), R1R2HNBHR3R4, using ligand-stabilized homogeneous metal catalysts.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system for delivery of a target material and/or energy. The system includes a source configured to provide a mixture containing the target material and a non-target material, a delivery conduit coupled to the source to receive the mixture from the source, and an in-line extraction device concentric to the delivery conduit. The in-line extraction device is configured to selectively extract the target material and/or energy from the mixture in the delivery conduit and to delivery it to a downstream facility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas storage material comprising a novel mesoporous polymer, that shows superior gas storage efficiency and can stably adsorb and desorb gas, and method for gas storage using thereof. The gas storage material comprises an acrylamide-based polymer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing hydrogen and capturing carbon dioxide are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: mixing magnesium bearing minerals with one or more acids and/or chelating agents to form a magnesium-rich solvent including magnesium hydroxide; mixing a gas including carbon dioxide with the magnesium-rich solvent in a reactor possibly in the presence of one or more water-gas shift catalysts; increasing a temperature and a steam pressure inside the reactor until a substantial portion of the magnesium hydroxide in the solvent and the carbon dioxide and water in the gas react to form magnesium carbonate and hydrogen; and increasing pH in the reactor thereby increasing a rate that the solvent and the carbon dioxide react.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hydrogen storage system includes a sealed container including an inner temperature of 77 degrees Kelvin or greater, a sorbent material enclosed within the sealed container and including a sorbent substrate and a hydrogen splitting catalyst connected to the sorbent substrate via a chemical bond, and one or more hydrogen atoms enclosed within the sealed container. In certain instances, the one or more hydrogen atoms are connected to the sorbent material via interactions greater than Van der Waals interactions. In another aspect, a method of storing hydrogen includes: inputting molecular hydrogen to a sorbent material to form a charged sorbent material, the sorbent material including a sorbent substrate and a hydrogen splitting catalyst connected to the sorbent substrate via a chemical bond; and storing the charged sorbent material at a temperature of greater than 77 degrees Kelvin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen comprising contacting at least one complex of formula (I), wherein: X? is an anion; Y is N or CR6; M is selected from Ru, Os and Fe; each of A and B is independently a saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring; R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from H, NR24R25, C1-6-alkyl and C1-6-haloalkyl, or two or more of R5, R6 and R7 are linked, together with the carbons to which they are attached, to form a saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group; R8-R25 are each independently selected from H, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-haloalkyl and a linker group optionally attached to a solid support; with at least one substrate of formula (II), R1R2—NH—BH—R3R4 (II), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H, C1-20-alkyl, fluoro-substituted-C1-20-alkyl and C6-14-aryl, or any two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are linked to form a C2-10-alkylene group, which together with the nitrogen and/or boron atoms to which they are

Abstract: A method of forming a material for reversible hydrogen storage within a storage tank includes charging a mixture of a metal amide and a metal hydride to the storage tank, and chemically reacting the mixture at a reaction condition within the storage tank to form a thermally conducting composite material situated in the storage tank and for reversibly storing hydrogen. The composite material includes a three-dimensional and interconnected framework including a conductive metal. A method for reversibly storing hydrogen includes providing a storage tank and in situ chemically forming a composite material by charging a mixture of a metal amide and a metal hydride to the storage tank and chemically reacting the mixture at a reaction condition to form a thermally conducting composite material including a metal hydride and a substantially unreactive elemental metal framework. Hydrogen is absorbed into the composite material and is desorbed from the composite material.

Abstract: Porous metal organic frameworks formed by AlIII ions to which fumarate ions are coordinated to produce a framework structure; shaped bodies comprising such porous metal organic frameworks, and also the preparation and use thereof for the uptake of a substance for the purposes of its storage, controlled release, separation, chemical reaction or as support.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydroalkylation processes. In the processes, a hydrogen stream comprising hydrogen and an impurity is treated to reduce the amount of the impurity in the hydrogen stream. The hydrogen is then hydroalkylated with benzene to form at least some cyclohexylbenzene. The processes also relate to treating a benzene stream comprising benzene and an impurity with an adsorbent to reduce the amount of the impurity in the benzene stream. The hydroalkylation processes described herein may be used as part of a process to make phenol.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a mixture of CO and H2 (syn-gas). The method comprises contacting particles containing a coke deposit with oxygenated molecules derived from biomass. In a preferred embodiment the particles are catalyst particles. The method may be carried out in the regenerator of a conventional fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating apparatus and a fuel cell using the same is provided. The hydrogen generating apparatus is adapted to a fuel cell, and includes a main body, an electromagnet, a magnetic element, a containing tank and a sliding element. The electromagnet is fixed on the main body. The magnetic element is movably disposed on the main body. The containing tank is fixed on the main body and is used for containing liquid water. The sliding element is slidably disposed on the main body, wherein a solid fuel is fixed on the sliding element. When the electromagnet is electrified to generate magnetic force to drive a motion of the magnetic element, the magnetic element drives the sliding element to slide towards the containing tank, so that the solid fuel reacts with the liquid water in the containing tank to generate hydrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a large volume of gas from a liquid stream is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first channel through which the liquid stream passes. The apparatus also includes a layer of catalyst particles suspended in a solid slurry for generating gas from the liquid stream. The apparatus further includes a second channel through which a mixture of converted liquid and generated gas passes. A heat exchange channel heats the liquid stream. A wicking structure located in the second channel separates the gas generated from the converted liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an iodine-sulfur cycle for nuclear hydrogen production, which can improve thermochemical efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: i) contacting a compound (C) comprising one or more groups Si—H with a phosphorous based catalyst in the presence of a base in water as solvent, thereby forming hydrogen and a by-product (C1); wherein said phosphorous based catalyst is as defined in claim 1; and ii) recovering the obtained hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for producing the porous catalyst body for decomposing hydrocarbons, the body containing at least magnesium, aluminum and nickel, and has a pore volume of 0.01 to 0.5 cm3/g, an average pore diameter of not more than 300 ? and an average crushing strength of not less than 3 kgf. The process includes molding hydrotalcite containing at least magnesium, aluminum and nickel, and calcining the resulting molded product at a temperature of 700 to 1500° C.

Abstract: A method for the gasification of solid fuel to produce combustible effluent, comprising the steps of: partially oxidizing a biomass fuel in a first oxidation zone to produce char; reducing the char in a reduction zone to form ash; further oxidizing any char residue ash in a second oxidation zone; and extracting the combustible effluent produced in the above steps, by a discharge pipe wherein in the first oxidation zone the gas flow is in the same direction as fuel flow and in the second oxidation zone the gas flow is in the opposite direction to the fuel flow.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, apparatus and material are disclosed for generating renewable energy from biomass waste while sequestering carbon. In one aspect, method performed by a reactor to dissociate raw biomass waste into a renewable source energy or a carbon byproduct or both includes receiving the raw biomass waste that includes carbon, hydrogen and oxygen to be dissociated under an anaerobic reaction. Waste heat is recovered from an external heat source to heat the received raw biomass waste. The heated raw biomass waste is dissociated to produce the renewable fuel, carbon byproduct or both. The dissociating includes compacting the heated raw biomass waste, generating heat from an internal heat source, and applying the generated heat to the compacted biomass waste under pressure.

Abstract: A method for making a metal-hydride slurry includes adding metal to a liquid carrier to create a metal slurry and hydriding the metal in the metal slurry to create a metal-hydride slurry. In some embodiments, a metal hydride is added to the liquid carrier of the metal slurry prior to hydriding the metal. The metal can be magnesium and the metal hydride can be magnesium hydride.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for generating electrical power from a compound comprising carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Water is combined with the compound to produce a wet form of the compound. The wet form of the compound is transferred into a reaction processing chamber. The wet form of the compound is heated within the reaction chamber such that elements of the compound dissociate and react, with one reaction product comprising hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is processed to generate electrical power.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for reformulating of an input gas from a gasification reaction into a reformulated gas. More specifically, a gas reformulating system having a gas reformulating chamber, one or more plasma torches, one or more oxygen source(s) inputs and control system is provided thereby allowing for the conversion of an input gas from a gasification reaction into a gas of desired composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen production for the generation of energy. The invention describes methods, devices and assemblies involving hydrogen production including reacting hydrogen producing compounds, such as organothiol compounds, with a reactive metal substrate to produce hydrogen gas and utilizing the hydrogen gas to generate energy. The present invention further describes regenerating spent compound to a form suitable for hydrogen production by reacting the spent compound with hydrogen. Hydrogen storage and production, as described herein, is useful for producing hydrogen for energy production in hydrogen consuming devices, such as combustible engines and fuel cells, for example, as located on a hydrogen powered vehicle.

Abstract: A reformer is disclosed that includes a plasma zone to receive a pre-heated mixture of reactants and ionize the reactants by applying an electrical potential thereto. A first thermally conductive surface surrounds the plasma zone and is configured to transfer heat from an external heat source into the plasma zone. The reformer further includes a reaction zone to chemically transform the ionized reactants into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A second thermally conductive surface surrounds the reaction zone and is configured to transfer heat from the external heat source into the reaction zone. The first thermally conductive surface and second thermally conductive surface are both directly exposed to the external heat source. A corresponding method and system are also disclosed and claimed herein.

Abstract: When the production of hydrogen and the recovery of carbon dioxide are simultaneously performed by using as a raw material a carbon-containing fuel, the increase of the system cost is suppressed and the efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing energy from the controlled reaction of an alkali metal with water. The method comprises forcing a liquefied alkali metal through a filter that separates the liquid alkali metal into alkali metal droplets. The alkali metal droplets comprise small enough particles that the alkali metal droplets completely react in water to produce heat, steam, an alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen gas before the alkali metal droplets reach the surface of the water. The filter separates the alkali metal droplets at a sufficient distance to avoid recombining of the alkali metal droplets. The alkaline hydroxide is reduced to an alkali metal and water which can be reused in the system.

Abstract: Process for the production of high-purity hydrogen from an ethanol or higher-alcohol feedstock, employing a steam reforming unit, a carbon monoxide conversion unit and a membrane separation unit and comprising intense thermal integration that is obtained by combustion under the control of an effluent of the process so as to provide the calories that are necessary to the steam reforming reaction.

Abstract: A hydrogen production method includes: a first process in which nitrogen compounds of metal and water are reacted to produce ammonia and hydroxide of the metal; a second process in which hydrogen compounds of a metal and the ammonia produced in the first process are reacted; and a third process in which hydrogen compounds of a metal and the hydroxide of the metal produced in the first process are reacted.

Abstract: Hydrogenated liquid organic compounds are used for storage and supply of hydrogen at near ambient conditions. The hydrogen is released from the hydrogenated liquid organic compounds through a catalytic dehydrogenation reaction using a M/support or M-M?/support catalyst. The M/support catalyst comprises a metal M selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, or combination thereof, and a support selected from Y2O3 or V2O5 or combinations thereof. The M-M?/support catalyst comprises a first metal M selected from Cu, Ag, Au, or combination thereof, a second metal M? selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, Fe, Ni, Re, Mo, W, V, Cr, Co or combinations thereof, and a support selected from activated carbon, alumina, alumite, zirconia, silica or combination thereof. Synergistic effects are created by using the combination of the M and M? in the catalyst, which result in shifting of the equilibrium of the reaction favorably to dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and a heater. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel; the heater provides heat to the reformer. Multipass reformer and heater chambers are described that reduce fuel processor size. Single layer fuel processors include reformer and heater chambers in a compact form factor that is well suited for portable applications. Some fuel processors described herein place an electrically resistive material in contact with a thermally conductive material to heat fuel entering the fuel processor. This is particularly useful during start-up of the fuel processor. Fuel processors described may also include features that facilitate assembly.

Abstract: Described herein are hydrogen storage materials having desirable characteristics for a variety of applications, such as automobile applications. In one embodiment, a hydrogen storage material includes: (1) a mixed imide having a formula LiiMgjNkHl; and (2) a set of additives; wherein each of i, k, and l is in the range of 1.7 to 2.3, and j is in the range of 0.7 to 1.3; and wherein the hydrogen storage material is configured to absorb at least 3.1 wt. % of H2 within 30 minutes of exposure to H2 gas at a temperature in the range of 100° C. to 140° C. and a pressure in the range of 45 bar to 50 bar.

Abstract: A gas mixture for treatment of a mycobacterial infection and methods thereof, wherein the gas mixture comprises hydrogen. In certain applications, the gas mixture further comprises oxygen and optionally an inert or anaerobic gas, preferably selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The methods for treatment comprise direct inhalation of the gas mixture comprising hydrogen and oxygen, intubation of a patient with a double lumen endotracheal tube thereby supplying one lung with an anaerobic gas, and administration of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and oxygen in a hyperbaric setting. Also provided is a method of sterilization of a mycobacterium-contaminated surface comprising administration of the hydrogen-containing gas mixture.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to an apparatus or hydrogen generating system including a galvanic or first hydrogen generator and a thermally-activated or second hydrogen generator connectable to one another.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing hydrogen by using formic acid as a feedstock, which provides a solution to problems to be solved for the production of hydrogen on an industrial scale, such as problems of production cost, storability and transportability, and also offers improved convenience. The method for producing hydrogen of the present invention is characterized by heating an ionic liquid containing formic acid. The ionic liquid is preferably an ionic liquid in which a counteranion is a formate anion (i.e., formic acid salt). Such an ionic liquid is, as a medium for the production of hydrogen from formic acid as a feedstock, excellent in terms of reaction selectivity (high-purity hydrogen is produced) and reaction velocity.

Abstract: The porous coordination polymer of the invention contains metal complexes formed by coordination bonding between a trivalent metal ion and an aromatic tricarboxylic acid represented by formula (1). The porous coordination polymer also has a pore structure formed by integration of a plurality of the metal complexes. [In formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 4.