Abstract: A method for forming a preform having an inner portion of a first metal and an outer portion of a second metal is taught. The preform is fabricated by spray forming processing. The beginning stages of the spray forming is performed with a first metal in a dispensing crucible which supplies a stream of the first metal to an atomization zone where the stream is broken up into many droplets which are driven by an atomizing gas onto a receiving surface. The second stage of the processing involves adding small quantities of a second metal to the dispensing crucible before the first metal is completely drained therefrom to permit a blend of the two metals to be formed on the preform between an inner and an outer portion thereof. The third phase of the method is the addition of a second metal to the dispensing crucible so that the latter stages of the spray forming is performed with the second metal and accordingly that the outer portions of the preform are formed of the second metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plated steel sheet for cans which must have high workability and corrosion resistance and can prevent bimetallic corrosion and a method of manufacturing the same. The plated steel sheet is manufactured by forming an electroplated chromium layer on the surface of a steel, removing a hydrated chromium oxide layer formed on the surface of the chromium layer, and forming an aluminum plating layer, so that the electroplated chromium layer and the aluminum plating layer are stacked in direct contact with each other. Another plated steel sheet is manufactured by forming a vacuum deposited chromium layer on the surface of a steel, and forming an aluminum plating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer coating of at least 2 layers of a nitride-containing compound, such as titanium nitride, in which at least one layer contains at least 2 atomic percent of nitrogen different than the nitrogen contained in an adjacent layer. The invention also relates to a method for producing the multilayer coating.

Abstract: A process for heating and coating a weld joint in a pipe comprising placing an open heating and coating ring on the pipe over the center of the weld joint; the heating and coating ring being an articulated yoke adapted to encircle the pipe when the ring is in the closed position and comprising an upper yoke section and two side yoke sections which pivot with respect to the upper yoke section, a pair of releasable locking devices mounted on the upper yoke section for engaging the side yoke sections when the latter are pivoted outwardly away from each other to an open position of the ring thereby locking the side yoke sections in the open position; the upper yoke section having a powder dispensing system mounted thereon for later dispensing a powdered coating material therefrom onto the surface of the pipe; each side yoke section having an induction heating assembly mounted thereon, each induction heater assembly including an induction coil comprising a length of hollow copper tubing wound in an elliptical patt

Abstract: A method of preparing a roughened substrate surface for subsequent coating with a fluorocarbon polymer in a liquid medium. The surface of the substrate is thermally sprayed with a stainless steel alloy containing from 25 to 35 percent by weight of chromium. A metal-coated substrate produced by this method and an article having thereon a fluorocarbon surface coated by this method are also described.

Abstract: In a process for the simultaneous deposition of a protective coating, e.g. an aluminium based coating, on internal and external surfaces of heat-resistant alloy parts, the parts are placed in a box containing a donor material, preferably in the form of granules, comprising the metal to be deposited, and an activator separate from the donor and comprising at least an anhydrous powder of chromium fluoride CrF.sub.3 to provide a source of fluorine. The box is heated to a temperature above 1000.degree. C. and a controlled flow of a carrier gas, reducing or neutral, is introduced into the box so as to establish a circulation of gases in the box whereby fluorinated vapors from thermal decomposition of the CrF.sub.3 activator contact the donor to form a volatile fluoride of the metal to be deposited, and the volatile vapor is carried into contact with the external and internal surfaces of the parts to be coated to deposit the coating thereon.

Abstract: A ceramic-based coating is provided on a sealing surface of a sealing assembly component by processing and applying a powder mixture of ceramic particles and metal binder, encasing the coating of powder on the sealing surface by applying a metallic cover thereover, evacuating the atmosphere between the cover and coating, hot isostatic pressing the component and coating, cooling the component and coating, and after cooling thereof removing the cover from the coating.

Abstract: A magnetic storage medium is composed of a non-wettable substrate upon which a transient liquid metal layer is deposited and maintained as a distribution of discontinuous liquid features. A magnetic film layer is deposited on the transient liquid metal layer resulting in a reaction of the liquid metal with the magnetic film. The topology of the magnetic film is controllable by adjusting the thickness of the transient liquid metal layer.

Abstract: A method of improving the quality of an edge surface of a cutting device, the method comprising a first step of irradiating assisting ions obtained from a first substance, which is in the state of gas in the room temperature, and a second substance, which is vapor-deposited from a hard material, onto a surface of a base body to form a first layer comprising of the hard material influenced by the assisting ions; and a second step of irradiating the second substance onto the first layer in an atmosphere of the first substance to form a second layer.

Abstract: The present method produces a ductile oxidation-resistant surface for titanium aluminides and alloys that involves the introduction of a refractory metal diffusion barrier that is metallurgically compatible with the alloy substrate. The diffusion barrier is then coated with an intermediate copper bonding layer. The copper layer is subsequently coated with either a nickel or a nickel-based superalloy layer. If necessary, a fourth protective layer of iron-based superalloy can be used to form a protective oxide scale on exposure to a high temperature oxidizing medium. Or, the fourth layer may be nickel aluminide which forms an oxidation-resistant external layer. The advantage of this approach is that it creates oxidation-resistant surface and prevents embrittlement of the alloy substrate during high temperature oxidation exposure due to degrading coating-substrate interactions.

Abstract: Thermomechanical fatigue failure in components in high performance gas turbine engines is diminished by providing the component with an overlay of a metallic coating and a strain isolating layer located between the surface of the component and the metallic coating overlay.

Abstract: The method for producing the disclosed material comprises chemical vapor depositing on the substrate a substantially columnar, intermediate layer of tungsten and chemical vapor depositing on the intermediate layer a non-columnar, substantially lamellar outer layer of a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide comprises W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, or a mixture of both wherein the ratio of the thickness of the tungsten intermediate layer to the thickness of the outer layer is at least: (a) 0.35 in the case of tungsten plus W.sub.2 C in the outer layer, (b) 0.6 in the case of a mixture of tungsten and W.sub.3 C in the outer layer and (c) 0.35 in the case of mixtures of tungsten and W.sub.2 C and W.sub.3 C in the outer layer. The chemical vapor deposition steps are carried out at pressures within the range of 1 Torr to 1,000 Torr and temperatures within the range of about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C.

Abstract: A ceramic thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components subjected to high operating temperatures, such as gas turbine engine airfoils, includes a high purity alumina interfacial layer between the metallic substrate and the ceramic overcoat in order to better resist failure by spalling.

Abstract: An improved highly erosive and abrasive wear resistant multi-layered coating system on a substrate which provides protection against impact of large particles is disclosed comprising a plurality of composite layers. In each of the composite layers, the first layer closest to the substrate comprises tungsten of sufficient thickness to confer substantial erosion and abrasion wear resistance characteristics to the coating system and a second layer deposited on the first layer comprises a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide and the tungsten carbide comprises W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, or a mixture of both. Because the resulting coating system has enhanced high cycle fatigue strength over the substrate, the coating system is especially useful on such structures as turbine blades and similar articles of manufacture where such chemical vapor depositing the first and second layers at a temperature in the range of about 300.degree. to about 550.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.

Abstract: A process for producing a protective film on a magnesium based metallic substrate comprising producing successive deposits by vapor phase chemical deposition of at least one intermediate layer of metallic aluminum, and at least one surface layer of metallic oxide, and for the intermediate aluminum layer using a precursor chosen of triisobutylaluminum, heating the substrate to a temperature between 250.degree. C. and 320.degree. C., and for the surface layer selecting an appropriate precursor, heating the substrate to an appropriate temperature and introducing the precursor vapor to produce a protective film having a high surface hardness and strong adherence to the magnesium based substrate with high inertness in the electrochemical series, and forming an effective protection under both static and dynamic conditions.

Abstract: An improved method for inhibiting inland atmospheric corrosion of steel by a sacrificial coating of aluminum, galvanically activated by small surface deposits of metallic indium is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a coated steel sheet for a can. A film of aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium or titanium alloy 0.005 to 5 .mu.m thick is plated on one surface of a steel sheet by means of a dry process. A metal film is also plated on the other surface of the steel sheet by means of a dry process.

Abstract: A method including aluminization treatment preceded by a palladium predeposition treatment, the palladium being associated with at least one barrier metal selected from nickel, cobalt, and chromium, thereby avoiding hydrogen occlusion.

Abstract: Drag out of lead with elongated steel elements (1) upon exit from a bath (2) of molten lead is prevented by bringing the elongated steel elements into contact with an amount of a substance such as H.sub.2 S, Hcl or ZnCl.sub.2 /.nNH.sub.4 Cl, that is capable of transforming lead oxide into another product at the exit conditions of said elongated steel elements (1) from the bath (2) of molten lead. The steel may emerge from the bath into a non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as a bed of coal, where the converted lead or lead compound may be mechanically stripped from the element.

Abstract: In a mechanical plating process, oxidation-prone metals, such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof, can be applied to metal substrates without the corrosion problems encountered in the prior art. To avoid such problems, the substrate is plated with the oxidation-prone metal and relatively minor amounts of an immersion metal and, optionally, a protective metal. The immersion metal which can be salts or oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of tin, copper, nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, and mixtures thereof coats the oxidation-prone metal in forming a mechanical plating coating and prevents formation of an oxide layer on the oxidation-prone metal. The protective metal which may be selected from the group consisting of zinc, cadmium, and mixtures thereof prevents oxidation of the plated metal substrate when exposed to the environment. An etching agent is used either prior to and/or during mechanical plating.

Abstract: A combination thermally sprayed antifouling metal coating and seal coat on a marine surface and a method of preparing the same. The method comprises the steps of applying a resin coating on the marine surface, and thermally spraying molten metal particles on the resin coating to impinge and interlock with the resin coating and form one or more metal layers. The resin may be wet during the thermal spraying or be filled with hollow beads and spheres which are ruptured after curing to form locking sites for the metal coating. A seal overcoat is applied to the last one of the one or more metal layers. The seal overcoat when applied has low surface tension to permit wetting and penetration of the outer one of the one or more metal coatings, leveling and flattening properties to produce a smooth finish on the more metal coatings, thixotropic properties, abalative properties, and a high copper oxide content for antifouling.

Abstract: Adherent metal coatings of metals that cannot be adherently applied directly onto a desired substrate metal by chemical vapor deposition at a temperature below about 300.degree. C. are obtained by applying an adherent metal undercoating to the surface of the metal substrate which weakly or not at all chemisorbs carbon monoxide, then applying the desired outercoat metal to the undercoat substrate by chemical vapor deposition, using a heat decomposable metal carbonyl as the source of the desired outer coating metal. The undercoating metal may be applied by conventional plating processes such as electroplating or electroless plating. In preferred embodiments, the substrate is iron or steel or their alloys, the undercoating metal is copper, and the outer coating metal is a ferrous metal, i.e., nickel, iron, or cobalt.

Abstract: The quality or durability of an oxidation protective coating produced by alitizing or aluminizing on the surface of a structural component made of titanium or titanium alloy, is improved by adding niobium to the surface of the structural component. The addition may be accomplished prior to the aluminizing or during the aluminizing. Prior application may involve, for example, vapor deposition of the niobium. Simultaneous application involves including a niobium donator powder in the aluminizing powder mixture.

Abstract: Erosion resistance is imparted to a metallic substrate without an attendant loss of fatigue life in the substrate by applying to the substrate a first layer comprising palladium, platinum or nickel in direct contact with the substrate and then applying a second layer which overcoats the first layer, the second layer being comprises of a tungsten-carbon alloy or a material formed of a tungsten matrix having dispersed tungsten-carbon compound phases therein. In another embodiment erosion resistance is imparted by employing a coating which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate of palladium, platinum or nickel; a second layer comprising substantially pure tungsten; and a third layer comprising a material formed of a tungsten-carbon alloy or a material formed of a tungsten matrix having dispersed tungsten-carbon compound phases.

Abstract: The invention discloses a coated substrate product comprises of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate, at least one thin interlayer composed of a non-reactive noble metal and a hard outer coating selected from the group comprised of a ceramic, hard metal, a hard metal compound and a diamond-like carbon, wherein at least the non-reactive noble metal interlayer which is immediately adjacent to the titanium or titanium alloy substrate is deposited onto the substrate by means of an electroless plating procedure, and the hard outer coating is deposited onto the non-reactive interlayer(s) by means of known chemical and physical vapor deposition techniques. The invention also discloses a method for making these coated substrate products.

Abstract: A stainless steel wire for springs is proposed which has a colored coating of resinous paint thereon. The wire is coated with a paint, dried and baked to form a coating and is then drawn to a desired diameter. The coating has a good adhesiveness and good heat resistance. The stainless steel wire may be nickel-plated before painting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of multi-layered wear-resistant CVD- or PVD-coatings applied to hardmetal parts containing WC-Co or WC-Ni, where at least one of the layers is a metal-boronitride layer. According to the invention, the boron concentration in the metal-boronitride layer is maintained below the critical level above which in addition a homogeneous boronitride mixed crystal phase a further phase, particularly a diboride phase is formed. A non-boronic, or only slightly boronic, intermediate layer is employed as a diffusion barrier between the hardmetal and the metal-boronitride layer to limit or prevent the formation of brittle tungsten cobalt boron or tungsten nickel boron phases on the external surface of the hardmetal. The metallic boronitride layer can be applied either as a single layer or in multiple layers alternating with other mechanically resistant layers. The hardmetal part is particularly a cutting insert for machining.

Abstract: A nozzle plate in which a nozzle through which fluid can pass is formed is prepared, and an insulator layer is located in layer on the nozzle plate except a location of the nozzle. An electrode plate is provided so as to cover the insulator layer, and a valve beam made of a conductive substance is located in an opposing relationship to the nozzle plate. A valve for opening and closing said nozzle is formed at a yieldable portion of the valve beam opposing to the nozzle. Upon energization of the electrode plate and the valve beam of a valve element thus produced, the valve is attracted toward the electrode plate to open or close the valve. Binary control of the valve to fully open or fully close the nozzle and infinite control of the valve to infinitely open or close the nozzle can be readily attained in the valve element.

Abstract: In a process for thermally spraying molten metal onto an uncured resin, to prevent some of the sprayed metal particles from being engulfed in the still wet or uncured resin layer, the resin layer is filled with micron sized beads, filler and/or spheres. The spheres or beads or other filling of the resin prevents the impacting metal particles from being engulfed but still allows the metal particles to imbed in the uncured resin surface to achieve a strong mechanical bond when the resin cures.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube comprising an inner tube formed of copper or steel, an intermediate layer having a uniform thickness, mounted on the outer periphery of the inner tube and formed of a low melting point metal such as solder, tin or lead and an outer tube of lead or lead alloy mounted on the intermediate layer on the inner tube and metallurgically bonded with the intermediate layer when the low melting point metal is melted.

Abstract: A lid or cover for a ceramic enclosure is formed of a substrate of an iron-based alloy, e.g., Kovar, alternately plated and coated with electrolytic nickel and electroless nickel, with an outer gold electroplate. The alternate electroplate and electroless nickel layers render the lid highly corrosion resistant without the need for an expensive, unrecoverable buried gold layer.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving the electroless nickel plating of aluminum which has been pretreated with a barrier coating such as zinc by employing multiple plating baths under controlled operating conditions.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a contact construction material structure a corrosion resistant contact layer of silver, palladium, or alloys thereof is applied to a metal base, a gold coating is applied to the contact layer surface by molecular gold material deposition and the contact construction structure is then heated to 350.degree. to 650.degree. C. for a short period of time to cause diffusion of the gold coating into the corrosion resistant contact layer to further improve its corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The protection layer (3,4,5) applied to a support (1) by a vacuum plasma spraying process comprises an adherence layer (3), an intermediate layer (4) and a coating layer (5). In order to enable a universal application of the protection, particularly in the construction of turbines, foundry and nuclear technique, the adherence layer (3) is made of a selected material having a composition and a thermal expansion coefficient close to those of the material of the object to be coated (1). The intermediate layer (4) is comprised of a mixture of the material of the adherence layer (3) and of that of the coating layer (5) and the coating layer is comprised of a thick layer of sprayed material selected in the group of borides, carbides, nitrides and oxides of preferably TiB.sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A molybdenum article is disclosed in which the substrate thereof has adherently bonded thereto a thermally self-healing plasma-sprayed coating consisting essentially of a composite of molybdenum and a refractory oxide material capable of reacting with molybdenum oxide under oxidizing conditions to form a substantially thermally stable refractory compound of molybdenum. The plasma-sprayed coating is formed of a plurality of interbonded plasma-sprayed layers of a composite of molybdenum/refractory oxide material produced from a particulate mixture thereof. The coating comprises a first layer of molybdenum plasma-sprayed bonded to the substrate of said molybdenum element and a second layer of plasma-sprayed mixture of particulate molybdenum/refractory oxide consisting essentially of predominantly molybdenum bonded to the first layer.

Abstract: A cathode especially useful in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides consisting essentially of an electrically conducting substrate and a heterogeneous coating containing a precious metal and/or a precious metal derivative; said heterogeneous coating consisting of at least two coats a and b, coat a being in contact with the substrate and containing at least one of the constituents selected from precious metals, precious metal oxides, or mixtures of precious metal oxides and at least one oxide selected from the oxides of nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum or zirconium, and coat b in contact with the electrolyte and with a coat a and selected from a metal of high covering power; and the process of making the cathode.

Abstract: Stenciling zone for a radiant heat resistant inflatable structure wherein a surface ply is laminated to structural fabric plies of the structure, leaving a cavity between the surface plies and the structural plies with a spacer element such as aluminum foil being received in the cavity. Stenciling is accomplished over the surface ply and the resultant structure can readily pass FAA Standard TSO-69A, Appendix II.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the coating of a substrate wherein the following chronologically takes place under vacuum conditions: (i) non-oxidized plating material is deposited on the substrate via ion vapor deposition; and (ii) a coating material is chemically bonded with the non-oxidized plating material. The coating material may comprise a primer, which chemically bonds with the non-oxidized plating material, and a polymer, which impregnates the primer-prepared plating material. Said polymer may also chemically bond with the primer. Alternatively, the coating material may comprise an epoxy which forms an organo-metallic bond with the plating material. In another embodiment of the invention, the coating material may comprise boron trifluoride, which chemcially bonds with the non-oxidized plating material, and a polymer, which impregnates the boron trifluoride-prepared plating material.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a composite substrate for electronic semiconductor parts. The composite substrate has a metal core, an insulating layer, and a conducting layer. The insulating layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition in the gaseous phase on the metal core, or by chemical vapor deposition in combination with other techniques, such as plasmaspraying and/or melting. The metal core is comprised of a highly heat-resistant refractory metal, e.g., molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum-manganese alloy, or a high-alloy steel having a permeability of about 1.002. The insulating layer is comprised of an inorganic material such as aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride. The conducting layer typically comprises copper.

Abstract: An oxidized film is formed on the surface of Mg or an Mg alloy, and a thermosetting resin film is formed on the oxidized film. A conductive film is further formed on the thermosetting film. The surface film of the Mg or Mg alloy thus surface-treated has a strong adhesion to the Mg or Mg alloy. The surface-treated Mg or Mg alloy has an excellent corrosion resistance, an excellent heat shock resistance, and a high surface conductivity.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolysis which comprises an electrode substrate made of a conductive metal having thereon a coating of an electrode active substance is disclosed, in which a first intermediate layer comprising at least one compound of rare earth element and a second intermediate layer containing at least one of base metals and base metal oxides are provided between said electrode substrate and electrode active substance coating. The electrode exhibits high resistance to passivation and excellent durability, and is particularly suitable for use in electrolysis accompanied by oxygen generation and for organic electrolysis.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation attenuating coating comprising an electronic housing base material coating with a first electroless metal alloy of copper, a member from the group of nickel, cobalt and mixtures of nickel and cobalt, and phosphorus rich in copper and a second electroless metal alloy of copper, a member from the group of nickel, cobalt and mixtures of nickel land cobalt, and phosphorus rich in nickel. The coating provides superior radiation attenuation and comprises fewer processing steps in its formation.

Abstract: A method and means of applying a continuous antifouling coating of copper or copper alloys on hulls of ships or boats by the application of sealing and adhesive layers, followed by a coating of thermally sprayed copper particles to form the antifouling layer.

Abstract: To coat metallic or ceramic surfaces with hard substances by means of brazing, a powder mixture of 60 to 90% silver, 2 to 35% copper, 2 to 30% tin and/or indium and 2 to 20% titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, titanium hydride, zirconium hydride and/or hafnium hydride together with an organic binder and then the hard-substance powder are deposited on the surface and heated to 900.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The particle sizes of the metallic powders must be less than the particle size of the hard-substance powder.

Abstract: Aluminum coated ferritic base metal foil formed by cold reduction of hot dip aluminum coated ferritic steel strip containing from 10% to about 35% chromium, up to 3% aluminum, and up to 1% silicon, the foil having a ratio of aluminum coating thickness on both sides to base metal foil thickness of at least 1:10, with at least 4% by weight total aluminum. The method of production includes heating the foil in an oxidizing atmosphere within specified temperature and time limitations to provide a porous surface having a thin layer of aluminum oxide. The foil is adapted for fabrication into monolithic support structures for catalytic converters for internal combustion engine exhaust systems.

Abstract: A microcomposite material having a matrix of a titanium-base alloy, the material further including about 10-80% by weight TiC substantially uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Several methods of cladding a macrocomposite structure including pressing quantities of a matrix material and a microcomposite material composed of the matrix material and a compatible stiffener material into layers to form a multi-layered compact and sintering the multi-layered compact to form an integral metallurgical bond between the layers of the compact with diffusion but essentially no composition gradient between the layers. A multi-layered macrocomposite article composed of an alloy layer of a matrix material and a layer of a microcomposite material composed of the matrix material and a compatible stiffener material bonded together at the interface region between the layers, the interface region being essentially free of a composition gradient.

Abstract: A zone on an aluminum coated heat resistant inflatable structure in which sufficient aluminum paint is applied to the structure whereby upon stenciling, the radient heat resistance capabilities of the inflatable air structure are not unacceptably diminished as a result of the presence of stenciling of the air structure.

Abstract: Compositions of the invention comprise an organic film-forming resin and a cyanamide salt of a non-lead metal. The composition, when applied to a thin metallic film, inhibits degradation of the thin metallic film as compared to the composition without calcium cyanamide. Processes comprising the step of applying a composition of the invention to a thin metallic film and articles comprising a thin metallic film and a layer of a hardened composition of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a laminated structure for use in an electrical apparatus. A female mold is produced having an upwardly facing cavity of a shape corresponding to the laminated structure. A layer of a ferrous metal is sprayed onto the bottom surface of the mold and subsequently an electrically insulated layer is applied to the layer of metal. Alternate layers of the ferrous metal and the insulating layer are deposited in the cavity of the mold to provide a laminated structure in which the metal and insulating layers are integrally bonded together. Through use of the method of the invention, a ferrous metal with the most desirable electrical characteristics can be employed.