Abstract: A substrate for a magnetic disk, having fine roughness formed on its surface by subjecting aluminum or an aluminum alloy to anodic oxidation, packing pores in the anodized layer thereby formed, with a material different in the physicochemical properties from the anodized layer, and letting a plating material grow selectively by an epitaxial method.

Abstract: A halogen-containing polyester resin composition comprises a flame retardant aromatic polyester copolymer having a halogen content of 0.5-30% by weight which is produced by condensation polymerization reaction of:(A) principally an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof,(B) principally an aliphatic glycol or an ester-forming derivative thereof, and(C) an ester-forming compound containing a halogen,and, in mixture therewith, 0.1-10% by weight of a bisoxazoline compound relative to the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A high temperature multi-layer thermal insulation is constructed especially for insulating spacecraft. For this purpose the insulation is formed of a plurality of porous material layers, such as ceramic fiber layers, separated from each other by highly reflective gas permeable foils. The insulation has an outer hot side and an inner cold side. The ceramic fibers are so arranged that the layer density increases from the outer side toward the inner side while the fiber diameter decreases from the outer side to the inner side. Compared to conventional heat shield type insulations of spacecraft, the present insulation is relatively lightweight and is able to better discharge again at lower flight altitudes any heat stored in the insulation at higher transient re-entry altitudes.

Abstract: An array of densely packed discrete metal microspheres which may be deformable and electrically conductive may be formed on a substrate by a method including the steps of providing a substrate having a depositing surface in the chamber forming a metal vapor in the chamber and depositing the metal vapor on the depositing surface, the depositing surface having a temperature at or above the melting point of the metal.

Abstract: A method and the resulting structure for attaching a doubler to the damaged skin of an airplane, using the original fastener holes, where the fastener countersinks are filled with interference fitted washers and the new fasteners have an interference fit with the airplane skin, doubler and washers.

Abstract: Coextrusion billets of two or more concentric metallic layers treated by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process in order to form a defect-free bondline between the contiguous touching metal layers. The HIP process can also be applied to extruded or further reduced tubes in order to heal bondline defects.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant R-Fe-B type sintered permanent magnet exhibiting deterioration of not more than 5 % from the initial magnetic properties after being tested for 500 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 80.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 90 % is produced by:causing at least one colloidal noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Ag, Pt and Au to be adsorbed in a colloidal state or forming a thin layer thereof through vapor deposition on the surface of the sintered body; applying at least one base metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Sn and Co containing P and/or B by electroless plating; and further applying at least one base metal selected from the same group.The noble metal layer is 1-10 nm thick. The electroless plating layer is no more than 10 .mu.m and the electrolytic plating layer 5-60 .mu.m thick.

Abstract: A frameless and coreless porous endosseous implant comprising a porous sintered metal layer (2) having a range of relatively large pores and porous sintered metal layers having a range of relatively small pores and laminated into one body by sintering integrally with the layer on either side thereof, or a porous singered metal layer having a range of relatively small pores and porous sintered metal layers having a range of relatively large pores and laminated into one body by sintering integrally with the layer on either side thereof, whereby the three layers each permit the ingrowth and penetration out of two or more kinds out of fibrous tissue, osteoid tissue and bone tissue in the pores thereof.

Abstract: A light metallic composite material containing therein fine granular additives dispersed in a matrix of a light metallic material, which composite material has a light weight, high mechanical strength, and excellent characteristics such as high damping ability. The additives each have a density less than that of the matrix and heat resistance enough to withstand a heating temperature at which they are composited with the matrix. Preferably, the additives are each formed with a coating which increases mechanical strength and provides an electromagnetic characteristic different from that of the matrix. Preferably, the composite material is produced by heating a mixture of matrix powders and additives up to a temperature where only part of the mixture including no microspheres is softened but the mixture is adequately composited, an amount of additives being equal to 10% to 70% by volume of the matrix, and by forming the composited mixture into a desired shape and solidifying same.

Abstract: An improved process and an improved composite bearing material produced thereby comprising a hard metal backing strip having leaded-bronze bearing lining tenaciously bonded to at least one face surface thereof and wherein the bearing lining is characterized by having the lead constituent thereof substantially uniformly distributed throughout the lining matrix in the form of extremely fine-sized particles providing improved operating characteristics to the bearing materials fabricated therefrom.

Abstract: An improvement of a medium for electrophoresis which comprises a support of a plastic material and an aqueous polyacrylamide gel, wherein a resin layer comprises a resin having an oxygen permeability coefficient lower than that of the plastic material of the support is arranged betwen the support and the polyacrylamide gel. The resin preferably shows an oxygen permeability of not more than 15 cc/m.sup.2 .multidot.atm.multidot.day in the form of a resinous layer of 20 .mu.m thick, and exemplified by a vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, a vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer, a vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, and an acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate-butadiene copolymer.

Abstract: Composites comprising high-temperature fibers reinforcing a carbonous matrix are protected from oxidation by a B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -based glass which includes a refractory oxide to stabilize the viscosity of the glass. Precursors of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the refractory oxide are dispersed into a carbon char-yielding material; the material is used to impregnate sheets of fibers; the sheets are laid up as plies; and the laid-up plies are carbonized and graphitized using heat and pressure to form a composite structure. The composite structure is then coated with an additional mix of char-yielding material and precursors, and the coated structure is heated to carbonize the material and leave a seal coat on the structure. Then, an outer coating of a refractory material is deposited on the structure. Oxygen which seeps through the seal coat is initially scavenged at high temperatures by the RO and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 precursors, converting the same to a B.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A friction or rubbing element for clutches, brakes, bearings or the like consists of a metal ring element with at least one uneven friction or rubbing surface which is substantially rotationally symmetrical about the ring axis and comprises a spray-sintered lining directly sintered thereon. To produce this lining the ring element is arranged in a level position together with a sinter mould disposed substantially concentrically to the side of the friction or rubbing surface in such a manner as to maintain an annular gap. After filling the annular gap with sinter powder, the complete assembly is heated to sintering temperature. The sinter mould material has a coefficient of thermal expansion which in the case of an internal sinter mould is greater than and in the case of an external sinter mould is less than that of the ring element, pressure being applied during sintering by virtue of the different temperature expansion.

Abstract: An improved method for encasing objects in metal is disclosed as are the novel encased objects so prepared. An object is wrapped with a sheet comprising sinterable particulate or powdered metal and an organic binder, and is the fired to volatilize the binder and to sinter the particulate metal into a unitary metal structure. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the object to be encased is a green sinterable particulate object which undergoes sintering simultaneously with the particulate metal casing during the firing step.

Abstract: An easy method and apparatus to eliminate casting defects from composite materials of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys and improve their properties. The product composite materials with primary silicon crystals of several microns have fine homogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties comparable to similar materials produced by the conventional powder metallurgy technology. Highly wear-resistant composite materials, in which the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed, can be obtained with ease. The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and strengthening material are homogeneously mixed by stirring blades rotated at low speed. The obtained molten composite alloy rotated at high speed about a horizontal shaft in a heat-resistant vessel. The rotor rotating and stirring at high speed spatters the molten composite alloy material to break up the crystallizing out primary silicon crystals.

Abstract: A printed circuit comprising an electrically insulating substrate and an electrically conductive layer on the substrate, this layer being a pseudo-elastic or elastically deformable alloy that undergoes significant deformations in a reversible manner and is a copper alloy containing at least 50% by weight copper in the form of large-grained polycrystals that undergo martensitic transformation. Preferably, the layer contains 60-80% by weight of copper, the large-grained polycrystals having a grain size of at least about 3 mm. The martensitic transformation takes place within the temperature range -55.degree. C. to +125.degree. C., and the layer has a thickness between 30.mu. and 200.mu., preferably about 100.mu..

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming an integral three-dimensional object from laminations of the same or gradually varying shape. The apparatus includes a supply station, a work station for forming a material into a plurality of laminations for the three-dimensional object, a control station for directing the operation of the work station, an assembling station for stacking the laminations in sequence into the three-dimensional object, and bonding the laminations to complete the formation of the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite metal sheet composed of at least two metal sheets and an intermediate resin layer interposed therebetween. The intermediate resin layer in composed of a mixture of an organic polymeric material resin and a metal powder (inclusive of an alloy powder) having a good electroconductivity, a hardness higher than that of the metal sheets, and an average particle size of 80 to 100% of the thickness of the intermediate resin layer. The amount of the metal powder is 1 to 10% by volume based on the intermediate resin layer (a sum of the resin and metal powder) and the metal powder is dispersed substantially uniformly in the intermediate resin layer. The composite metal sheet has excellent electric resistance weldability and adhesion strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite bearing material comprising three layers: (1) a metal backing, (2) a porous metal interlayer bonded to the metal backing which includes bronze or other copper alloy particles from two distinct particle size ranges and (3) a PTFE based composition intermixed with and overlying the porous metal interlayer. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the porous metal interlayer substantially comprises a relatively non-homogeneous mixture of particles from the two distinct particle size ranges, wherein a substantial portion of the relatively fine powder is segregated adjacent the metal backing. The present invention includes a significant thickness of the PTFE based composition applied to and remaining above the surface of the porous metal backing.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method whereby complex shapes, not moldable in a single molding operation, are molded in plural parts, each part being of the same or different powdered metal composition or prealloy of the type disclosed. One or more of the parts preferably has bumps or dimples thereon for joining to another of the parts in the manner to be described. The other part can also have depressions for receiving the bumps to aid in alignment of the parts prior to processing.

Abstract: Shock wave formation of thin layers of materials with improved superconducting and permanent magnetic properties and improved microstructures.

Abstract: A sintered metal body with at least one toothing thereon and a method of forming the same. The toothing is formed in a sintered metal blank with or without pre-toothing by metal forming. The final toothing is cold rolled into the sintered metal blank. The thus formed sintered metal body with at least one toothing can be used for highly stressed toothed gears, such as involutes, cycloids, and epicycloids, as used, for example, on bevel gears, and particularly curved-toothed bevel gears.

Abstract: Composite materials and products are described composed of a mixed metal interstitial alloy in the form of a carbide, nitride, carbonitride, oxynitride, oxycarbide or carboxynitride with the .beta..sup.m (.beta.-manganese) metal-atom arrangement, and a metallic carrier. With the carrier in the form of a binder phase for particles of the alloy a hard metal can be obtained which has a hardness not much less than a conventional WC-Co hard metal. Alternatively the alloy can be employed as a coating for a metallic substrate, for example to increase resistance to corrosion and oxidation. In a preferred composition, the interstitial alloy is nickel-molybdenum-nitride and nickel is used as the binder or the substrate material.

Abstract: A metallurgical bond at the interface between an aluminum-lithium core alloy and a metallic liner is achieved by first forming a mechanical bond along the interface between the core and liner under moderated temperature and reduction conditions, and then heating the composite without simultaneous reduction to cause diffusion of the elements across the core-liner interface. The result is a metallurgical bond securing the layers together to form a composite which can be worked, shaped, and fabricated by normal reduction techniques into a full range of products without the discoloration and fouling problems otherwise typical of aluminum-lithium alloys.

Abstract: A process and a device for manufacturing an extruded section of an aluminum alloy containing additions of boron or compounds thereof are intended to simplify the manufacture of aluminum alloy sections for use in nuclear science and technology. Using a boron-containing aluminum-based raw material a section is to be formed such that its design ensures adequate stability and at the same time the necessary screening properties. To this end a billet having a core of aluminum alloy with additions of boron or the like and a mantel surrounding the same is manufactured and hot formed by extrusion, such that, using the molten metal route or powder metallurgy, a blank of aluminum alloy of particular alloy groups with additions of boron or its compounds at a concentration of 0.05 to 50 wt % is taken as the starting basis.

Abstract: Wear-resistant coating on a machine part which is subject to friction wear, the coating being applied by a flame spray process and being composed of a plurality of superposed sprayed-on layers each differing in structure or composition from each layer adjacent thereto.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a coating method and to the product produced by such method. In the preferred practice of this invention, the method includes the steps of selecting a ferrous substrate, such as steel sheet preferably containing a first coating having certain corrosion resistant and adhesion-promoting characteristics, and applying thereto an outer coating of an organic resin containing a particulate metallic aluminum-zinc alloy which is between 5 and 95% by weight aluminum, balance zinc. Preferably, the particle size of said alloy is no more than about 10 microns. Such product is ideally suited for the subsequent application of a cathodic electrophoretic primer coat, such as widely used in the automotive industry.

Abstract: In a process for sintering a metal member bonded to a substrate during which the metal member undergoes densification at a temperature which is different from the curing temperature of the substrate, an improvement is provided which comprises causing the densification temperature of the metal member to be closer to or identical with the curing temperature of the substrate by adding to said metal member prior to sintering an amount of organometallic compound which undergoes decomposition before the densification temperature of the metal member has been reached to provide under the sintering conditions employed a densification temperature-modifying amount of a metal or metal oxide which can be the same as or different from the metal of the aforesaid metal member.The improved sintering process of the present invention is particularly adapted for use in the fabrication of multilayer ceramic substrates which serve as circuit modules for seminconductor chips.

Abstract: A metal powder sheet for use for forming a sintered layer on a metal substrate. The sheet includes powders of a metal which provides a required physical property such as wear-resistance and ultra-fine powders of a metal having a powder size finer than 1 micron. These powders are kneaded with an addition of an acryl resin as a binder. The ultra-fine powders make it possible to carry out the sintering process at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A clad material which is characterized by interposing, between two or more materials to be clad, an intermediate substance comprising one or more kinds of metallic fine powders having improvement properties of adhesive strength.

Abstract: An article comprising a first portion which is formed porously by sintering of an alloy or cermet material and a second portion which is formed of a metal and intimately bonds to the first portion. For example, the article is a rocker arm for an automotive internal combustion engine, in which first portion is the wear-resistant tip portion and the second portion the body portion. The second portion is formed by molten metal forging, with the sintered first portion set in the mould as an insert, such that the molten metal under pressure is forced to infiltrate into the pores of the sintered first portion at least in a region contiguous to the interface between the first and second portions. This article features very high strength of the bond at the interface between the first and second portions.

Abstract: In wear parts consisting of sintered cemented carbide and cast alloy on iron base, in which a wear resistant layer of cast-in-carbide is formed in the most exposed parts of the product, the chipping of cemented carbide from the wear layer can be essentially eliminated according to the invention by applying a layer of another metallic material, for example steel, between the cast alloy and the wear layer.

Abstract: A method of producing rocket combustors wherein in forming an outer cylin by a powder metallurgical method on the outer side of a cylinder provided on its outer periphery with a cooling wall of channel construction having a plurality of grooves (14), an Ni electroforming layer is formed on the outer side of the outer cylinder, and also a method of producing rocket combustors wherein an outer cylinder is of multilayer construction having two or more layers.

Abstract: A journal assembled to a rotary shaft has its outer portion made of solid phase sintered alloy having 10% to 30% by volume of sintering pores inpregnated with lubricating oil and its inner portion is made of a liquid phase sintered alloy being sinterable at the same temperature as the solid phase sintered alloy. The outer portion is wear-resistant and well lubricable due to the oil impregnated therein. The inner portion is tightly secured to both the outer portion and the rotary shaft because the liquid phase sintered alloy is metallurgically diffusion-bonded to both the solid phase sintered alloy and the rotary shaft.

Abstract: A composite is provided which is adaptable to be a substrate for an electronic application. The composite comprises first material particles having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about -20.times.10.sup.-7 to about 50.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C. Second material particles having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about 100.times.10.sup.-7 to about 200.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C. are mixed with the first material particles. A bonding agent adheres the first and second material particles into a coherent composite having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about 1.times.10.sup.-7 to about 50.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C.

Abstract: A self-cleaning coating film is formed using a self-cleaning coating composition including an oxidation, catalyst mixed within a composition including silicone synthetic resin and an organic solvent. The oxidation catalyst includes at least one element selected from a metal such as a noble metal and a metal oxide such as manganese dioxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, chrome oxide, and the like. The metal is blended with a powder made of alumina, or the like, in the range of about 0.1 to 1.0 weight %. The diameter of the particles of the powder is on the order of about 40 to 300.mu.. The powder is mixed with the composition in the range of about 5 to 100 weight %. The metal oxide is present in the composition at about 50 weight %. The self-cleaning coating film is formed at about 40 to 300.mu. thickness. The thus formed self-cleaning coating film is exposed to an elevated temperature of about 300.degree. to 400.degree.

Abstract: Material, in the form of bars, tubes, profiles, wires, sheets, or bands, which is, at least partially, composed of a constituent showing a one-way shape memory effect, and a further inactive constituent hindering the one-way effect of the first, and which collectively exhibits a significant two-way effect. The one-way shape memory constituent can be a Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Al, TiV, Ti-Nb, Ni-Ti, or Ni-Ti-Cu alloy. Production of bi- or multi-constituent components by brazing, welding, roll bonding, extruding, powder metallurgical methods, hot isostatic pressing, or gluing, or by the application of metallic coatings (2) onto a core material (1) and subsequent diffusion treatment to produce an inactive surface layer (3).

Abstract: A composite valve seat has a valve spot surface zone made of a second sintered alloy which is a special sintered alloy and the remainder of the valve seat is made of a first sintered alloy which is an ordinary low-alloyed sintered alloy. A boundary between the first and second sintered alloys describes a curve which is, with the valve spot surface oriented upward, highest at an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat. The curved boundary gradually falls toward an inner peripheral surface of the valve seat and the shape of the curved boundary is similar to the powder rest curve of the first sintered alloy.

Abstract: A coated carbide insert has a cobalt enriched zone at one decarburized surface, and a thin TiN transition layer over this surface. The cobalt enriched zone and the TiN layer cooperate to support additional thicker layers of hard wear resistant material such as TiC, TiN, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A microwave oven cabinet is constructed with plastic materials and has a low resistivity coating on the outside surfaces thereof, which coating is achieved by applying a mixture of a metallic powder and polymer on the surfaces and curing the polymer, followed by an augmentation replacement reaction being effected to replace some of the metallic powder with a more noble metal in such a way that the total volume on the surface of deposited metal exceeds that of the original metal powder replaced at the surface.

Abstract: A precision molded article, such as a die cavity, is made by combining iron powder granules and optional manganese granules with a heat fugutive organic binder, molding the granule-binder mixture into a green molded preform, thermally degrading and removing essentially all the binder to form a skeletal preform, and infiltrating the preform with an infiltrant which has a lower melting point than the iron powder granules and which optionally contains manganese, with the proviso that either the above decribed manganese granules are employed or manganese-containing infiltrant is employed, thereby forming a molded article having a skeleton of ferroalloy granules having a martensitic or perlitic core and an outer layer of austenitic manganese steel, the skeleton being surrounded by infiltrant.

Abstract: A process and a product produced thereby, for forming rod or bar or tube stock or strip, comprising a sheath and a densified dispersion strengthened metal core. Powdered dispersion strengthened copper is put into a metal can and compressively reduced to size and density. The relationship between the tensile strength of the core when fully densified and the cold worked tensile strength of the can is important to the nature of the product.

Abstract: A valve seat or similar article produced by sintering a compound body is improved in economy and producibility by employing a method wherein the amount of a second powder for forming the compound body is controlled so as to be minimized. A first powder is initially charged into a compression space and lightly compressed to form a preparatory compact of a desired shape. Subsequently, the second powder is charged in over the preparatory compact to a degree controlled by the displacement of the compact, and the preparatory compact and the second powder are forcefully compressively integrally molded to form a final compact which is then sintered to form the finished product.

Abstract: Sintered silicon carbide materials are described, which have a metallized surface consisting essentially of a composition comprising 10 to 90% by weight of Si, balance a mixture of at least two components selected from Fe, Ni and Co.A process for producing the silicon carbide sintered materials having the metallized surface is also described.

Abstract: A composite body has a pressed mix base or layer and a thin facing layer formed by casting and bonded to the base and having desired physical properities different from those of the base. This body has utility as a semiconductor substrate with the cast layer providing a substantially defect-free surface for microcircuit formation, or as a cutting tool or the like with the cast layer constituting the hard wear-resistant cutting surface.

Abstract: A powder compression molding method for producing a multilayer powder compression molded article having a plurality of different material layers disposed in a compression direction utilizes relative movements between an upper punch, a lower punch, a die having a step formed therein, and two feed shoes. The powder compression molded article thus formed requires a reduced amount of a special layer. The powder compression molding method includes forming a first space by moving the die relative to the lower punch, introducing a first powder into the first space through a first feed shoe, lowering the lower punch relative to the die to form a second space so that an upper surface of the first powder on the step of the die and on the lower punch has a nonuniform height, introducing a second powder into the second space, and moving the upper punch towards the lower punch to compress the first and second powders.

Abstract: Gas turbine engine superalloy airfoils and other components made by low pressure/high velocity plasma spray-casting have unique microstructures and, consequently, novel combinations of physical properties superior to those of components of the same alloy compositions made by conventional methods.

Abstract: A piston ring produced by a powder metallurgical method has a nearly triangular zone in cross section made of a low density sintered alloy metal powder. One edge of an outer peripheral surface or bottom surface of the piston ring forms a vertex of the triangular zone. The remainder of the piston ring is composed of a high density sintered alloy metal powder. This piston ring has a high abrasion resistance at the area thereof which slides on the cylinder wall and can be produced at low cost.

Abstract: The light weight non-saturating spaced core inductor that is made of altete layers of magnetic and light weight non-magnetic materials to provide a structure that is light in weight yet has the non-saturating inductor characteristics required for certain circuits that are subject to over-load.

Abstract: A composite is provided which is adaptable to be a substrate for an electronic application. The composite comprises first material particles having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about -20.times.10.sup.-7 to about 50.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C. Second material particles having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about 100.times.10.sup.-7 to about 200.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C. are mixed with the first material particles. A bonding agent adheres the first and second material particles into a coherent composite having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about 1.times.10.sup.-7 to about 50.times.10.sup.-7 in/in/.degree.C.