Abstract: A battery module is described. The battery module includes a plurality of cooling fins having an inlet section, a center section, and an outlet section, the inlet and outlet sections extending from opposite ends of the center section at an angle from a plane defined by the center section, the cooling fins having at least one cooling channel extending from an inlet of the inlet section through the center section to an outlet of the outlet section; and a plurality of battery cells positioned in the center section between the plurality of cooling fins. A method of cooling a battery module is also described.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having a liquid electrolyte which includes a protic solvent, an anode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte, and a cathode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte. A membrane which interrupts the transport of ions between the electrodes at a predetermined temperature is disposed in the liquid electrolyte between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. In this way, electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors, which may overheat during use and cause a fire or explosion, are precluded from overheating.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a case housing the electrode assembly, the case having an opening; a cap assembly including a cap plate coupled to the opening of the case and a vent member on the cap plate adapted to discharge a gas from the case; and a separation member located between the electrode assembly and the cap plate to prevent the electrode assembly from significantly moving toward the cap plate.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a flattened electrode group, a case, a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal. The positive electrode terminal is bent around one edge portion of the positive electrode terminal, curved toward the electrode group and reaches a sealed portion. The other edge portion of the positive electrode terminal extends from the case through the sealed portion. The negative electrode terminal is bent around one edge portion of the negative electrode terminal, curved toward the electrode group and reaches the sealed portion. The other edge portion of the negative electrode terminal extends from the case through the sealed portion. The positive electrode terminal satisfies formula (1) given below and the negative electrode terminal satisfies formula (2) given below: t2×W2?0.25 Sp??(1) t3×W3?0.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to inhibit occurrence of structural collapse caused by volumetric change of primary particles of negative electrode active material and to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material and electrically conductive agent and between negative electrode mix layer and collector, whereby improvement of life is attained in negative electrode for non-aqueous secondary battery and non-aqueous secondary battery. In the negative electrode for non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention, the negative electrode active material comprises silicon and/or tin, and at least one element selected from elements which do not react with lithium and has pores in both of the inner core portion and the outer peripheral portion of primary particles and a material which cures by a heat treatment is used as a binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biaxially oriented microporous film composed of at least three coextruded layers encompassing an internal cut-off layer and two external layers, wherein all three layers contain a mixture of propylene homopolymer and propylene block copolymer and ?-nucleation agent. The propylene block copolymer I of the external layers has a melting point exceeding 140° C. and the propylene block copolymer II of the internal layer has a melting range starting at a temperature ranging from 50 to 120° C. and the melting point of the propylene block copolymer I is greater than the melting point of the propylene block copolymer II.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention is to provide a separator including a polyethylene microporous membrane and a heat-resistant porous layer, and that has a sufficient shutdown function and a sufficient heat resistance, and can be formed with a reduced thickness and can overcome the problem of slidability. A first aspect of the present invention is a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery. The separator includes a microporous membrane of primarily polyethylene, and a heat-resistant porous layer of a primarily heat-resistant polymer formed on at least one surface of the microporous membrane. (1) The microporous membrane has a Gurley number of 25 to 35 sec/100 cc·?m per unit thickness. (2) The heat-resistant porous layer contains inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 ?m. (3) The inorganic fine particles are 40% to 80% in volume with respect to a total volume of the heat-resistant polymer and the inorganic fine particles.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention is to provide a separator including a polyethylene microporous membrane and a heat-resistant porous layer, and that has a sufficient shutdown function and a sufficient heat resistance, and can be formed with a reduced thickness and can overcome the problem of slidability. A first aspect of the present invention is a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery. The separator includes a microporous membrane of primarily polyethylene, and a heat-resistant porous layer of a primarily heat-resistant polymer formed on at least one surface of the microporous membrane. (1) The microporous membrane has a Gurley number of 25 to 35 sec/100 cc·?m per unit thickness. (2) The heat-resistant porous layer contains inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 ?m. (3) The inorganic fine particles are 40% to 80% in volume with respect to a total volume of the heat-resistant polymer and the inorganic fine particles.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the both electrodes, a non-aqueous electrolytic solution and an exterior member made of a laminate material and housing the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution. A polymeric support exists between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Also, the separator contains polyethylene as a main component and contains not more than 10% by mass of polypropylene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising: an acrylate compound; a sulfinyl group-containing compound; an organic solvent; and an electrolyte salt. Also, disclosed is an electrode comprising a coating layer formed partially or totally on a surface thereof, the coating layer comprising: (i) a reduced form of an acrylate compound; and (ii) a reduced form of a sulfinyl group-containing compound. Further, disclosed is an electrochemical device comprising a cathode, an anode and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein (i) the non-aqueous electrolyte is the aforementioned non-aqueous electrolyte; and/or (ii) the cathode and/or the anode is the aforementioned electrode.

Abstract: An intercellular separation structure body capable of electrically connecting a plurality of unit cells that include a laminate type solid secondary battery with each other, and capable of ion-conductively insulating a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer in two adjacent unit cells, as well as a laminate type solid secondary battery provided with the same. The intercellular separation structure body is an intercellular separation structure body disposed between a plurality of unit cells each of which includes a positive electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer that are sequentially stacked in a laminate type solid secondary battery. This intercellular separation structure body includes an insulating layer that electroconductively and ion-conductively insulates the plurality of unit cells from each other and an electroconductive section that is formed within the insulating layer and electrically connects the plurality of unit cells with each other.

Abstract: It is an objective of the present invention to provide a lithium-ion rechargeable battery anode which can control the volume change of a primary particle of a negative-electrode active material other than a carbon-based material and that can prevent cracks due to stress caused by the volume change from occurring and extending. There is provided an anode for a lithium-ion rechargeable battery including a primary particle of a negative-electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, the negative-electrode active material including at least one of silicon and tin, and at least one element selected from elements that do not chemically react with lithium, in which holes are present both in an inner core region in the central region of the primary particle of the negative-electrode active material and in a periphery region that covers the inner core region.

Abstract: Provided are separators for use in an electrochemical cell comprising (a) an inorganic oxide and (b) an organic polymer, wherein the inorganic oxide comprises organic substituents. Preferably, the inorganic oxide comprises an hydrated aluminum oxide of the formula Al2O3.xH2O, wherein x is less than 1.0, and wherein the hydrated aluminum oxide comprises organic substituents, preferably comprising a reaction product of a multifunctional monomer and/or organic carbonate with an aluminum oxide, such as pseudo-boehmite and an aluminum oxide. Also provided are electrochemical cells comprising such separators.

Abstract: A microporous membrane roll includes cores formed in whole or in part from electrically conductive members, and microporous membranes wound around the cores. First and second surfaces of the microporous membranes are equivalently charged with antipolar charges. A method of manufacturing the microporous membrane roll includes diselectrifying the microporous membranes with a diselectrifier, and winding the microporous membranes around the cores formed in whole or in part from the electrically conductive members.

Abstract: An insulation portion for an electrochemical cell having a plurality of slots into which bent electrode tabs are slid through during an assembly process of an electrochemical cell. A latch is disposed adjacent the slots and is movable from a resting position to a biased position to engage the electrode tabs. Attachment of the insulation portion to the electrochemical cell and bending of the electrode tabs can be robotically performed, such that controllers of an attachment device and bending device are in communication with each other.

Abstract: A separator for an energy storage cell that is provided by a microporous web that includes an irreversible porosity-controlling agent a method for changing an operating characteristic of an energy storage cell.

Abstract: A battery production method according to the invention includes a winding step of winding an electrode assembly around a winding core and a flattening step of pressing the electrode assembly wound in the winding step, in a direction orthogonal to an axial direction thereof to form a flattened shape in which the wound electrode assembly is flattened in a direction that is orthogonal to the pressing direction and the axial direction, wherein a rod-shaped spacer is inserted, in parallel to the axial direction, into the electrode assembly wound during the course of winding the electrode assembly around the winding core in the winding step, and wherein the spacer is pulled out between the winding step and the flattening step.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell, such as Li-Ion, having (a) a positive electrode; (b) a negative electrode, (c) a porous inorganic/organic composite layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and (d) an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent. The composite layer includes inorganic nanoparticles and a binder to form a nanocomposite separator (NCS). In addition to the composite layer, the electrochemical cell includes a porous separator.

Abstract: The invention relates to microporous membranes having high meltdown temperature, high air permeability, and high puncture strength. The invention also relates to the production of such membranes and the use of such membranes as battery separator film.

Abstract: An electrode assembly and a secondary battery having the same improve efficiency and stability of the secondary battery. The electrode assembly includes: a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode collector on which a positive electrode coating portion and a positive electrode non-coating portion are formed; a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode collector on which a negative electrode coating portion and a negative electrode non-coating portion are formed; a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; and an insulating member disposed on one side of the positive or negative electrode non-coating portion, and formed adjacent to at least one of the ends of the positive electrode coating portion and/or at least one of the end of the negative electrode coating portion. The electrode assembly at least prevents damage to a separator generated due to non-uniformity of the ends of the electrode coating portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to microporous membranes having high meltdown temperature, low shutdown temperature, and resistance to heat shrinkage at elevated temperature. The membranes can be produced by stretching a sheet comprising polymethylpentene, polyethylene, and diluent, and then removing the diluent. The membranes can be used as battery separator film in, e.g., lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: Separator for cylindrical cell of the outwardly guided type, wherein a sheet material is wound around a mandrel, and starting from the winding step until the insertion of a separator into the cell, an outward support is used that renders the binding of neighboring turns of the separator winding unnecessary, and the separator sheet has an extended portion, with the extension being at least equal to the radius of the separator cylinder, and with this extended portion being wetted with distilled or de-ionized water until the material softens and the winding and the mandrel are rotated and the bottom part is folded back and heat fused to close the separator cylinder.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a secondary battery and a secondary battery having the same, the electrode assembly including electrode members disposed in a stack and divided into groups; and a first separator having folded portions disposed between the electrode members, and wound portions extending from the folded portions and wrapped around the groups.

Abstract: A heat-resisting ultrafine fibrous separator of the present invention is prepared by an electrospinning process, formed of ultrafine fibers of heat-resisting polymer resin having a melting point more than 1800 C or not having the melting point, or ultrafine fibers of polymer resin capable of swelling in an electrolyte, together with the ultrafine fibers of heat-resisting polymer resin. Also, polyolefine fine particles providing a shutdown function are dispersed in the heat-resisting resin or the polymer resin capable of swelling in the electrolyte. The heat-resisting ultrafine fibrous separator of the present invention has the shutdown function, low thermal contraction, thermal endurance, excellent ionic conductivity and excellent adhesive property with an electrode, so a battery having excellent cycling characteristics, and having high-energy density and high capacity can be prepared.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a separator. The method includes (S1) preparing a porous planar substrate having a plurality of pores, (S2) preparing a slurry containing inorganic particles dispersed therein and a polymer solution including a first binder polymer and a second binder polymer in a solvent, and coating the slurry on at least one surface of the porous substrate, (S3) spraying a non-solvent incapable of dissolving the second binder polymer on the slurry, and (S4) simultaneously removing the solvent and the non-solvent by drying. According to the method, a separator with good bindability to electrodes can be manufactured in an easy manner. In addition, problems associated with the separation of inorganic particles in the course of manufacturing an electrochemical device can be avoided.

Abstract: An electrode assembly and a secondary battery including the same. The electrode assembly includes: a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode active material applied to a positive electrode collector; a negative electrode plate including a negative electrode active material applied to a negative electrode collector; a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; and a ceramic layer disposed on a portion of the positive or negative electrode plate, adjacent to an outer surface of the electrode assembly. The positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, ceramic layer, and the separator are wound together. The ceramic layer prevents a short-circuit between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and extends along between about 40% and 90% of the length of the positive or negative electrode plate, from a winding end thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell separator made of pure titanium or a titanium alloy superior in contact resistance with carbon paper and a method of production of the same, that is, a separator having a surface layer part to which conductive compound particles are affixed, characterized in that the surface oxide has a thickness of 3 to 15 nm in range, an average carbon concentration in a range from an outermost surface, including the oxide layer, to a depth of 100 nm is 0.02 to 6 at %, and the conductive compound particles have an average particle size of 0.01 to 20 ?m. Further, the method of production of the present invention is characterized by forming, blast treating a surface of the formed article by particles comprised of conductive compound particles of an average particle size of 0.01 to 20 ?m covering a surface of superhard core particles, impregnating it by a nitric acid aqueous solution of a concentration of 15 to 71 mass % and a temperature of 40 to 100° C.

Abstract: A method of forming a secondary battery comprises: positioning an electrode assembly between a first pouch sheet and a second pouch sheet; initially sealing outer portions of the first pouch sheet and of the second pouch sheet on at least one side of the first and second pouch sheets; and additionally sealing outer portions of the first pouch sheet and of the second pouch sheet on the at least one side of the first and second pouch sheets.

Abstract: An electrochemical device is disclosed. The device comprises a casing having a recess with an opening on a top face of the recess, a lid configured to block the recess of the casing so that the recess is watertight and airtight, a rechargeable and dischargeable storage element and an electrolytic solution enclosed in the recess, and a separate sheet interposed between the first and second electrode sheets, the separate sheet having a higher liquid absorption section interposed between the first and second electrode sheets, and a lower liquid absorption section continuously connected to the higher liquid absorption section, having a liquid absorption smaller than that of the higher liquid absorption section and extending outwardly with respect to the first and second electrode sheets. The lower liquid absorption section has a thickness greater than that of the higher liquid absorption section.

Abstract: A secondary battery module includes a plurality of unit cells; a first barrier located between adjacent ones of the unit cells; a second barrier located between adjacent ones of the unit cells and spaced from the first barrier; and spacers located between the first barrier and the second barrier.

Abstract: A cylindrical battery including: a battery case having a cylindrical shape; an electrode group disposed in the battery case, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and having a pair of flat outer side surfaces opposed to each other; and a spacer disposed between an inner peripheral surface of the battery case and each of the flat outer side surfaces of the electrode group. The spacer has a case contact portion that extends continuously from a first axial end to a second axial end and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the battery case, and the case contact portion is formed with a communicating portion that communicates spaces partitioned by the case contact portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite separator for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a method for manufacturing the same. The inventive method involves allowing graphite foil layers to be brought into direct contact with each other when graphite foils are stacked on both sides of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material prepreg, thereby improving electrical conductivity in the thickness direction of the separator.

Abstract: A battery pack is provided. The battery pack comprises a bare cell, a protective circuit board electrically connected to the bare cell to control the charge/discharge of the bare cell, a secondary protective device connected between the bare cell and the protective circuit board and installed on one surface of the bare cell, and an insulating member disposed on the one surface of the bare cell and having a width greater than that of the secondary protective device. Due to this construction, the insulation performance of the secondary protective device is improved and the assembly of the insulating member is facilitated.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a secondary battery, a method of manufacturing the electrode assembly and a secondary battery having the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a plurality of electrode members arranged in a stacked shape along a baseline extending in one direction and a separation unit separating two adjacent electrode members. The separation unit includes three or more separators having a same winding center.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a plurality of unit cells, each having a first separator and a cathode and an anode positioned at both sides of the first separator, and a continuous single second separator interposed between adjacent unit cells in correspondence with each other in a laminated pattern and arranged to surround each unit cell. The first separator includes a heat-resisting porous substrate having a melt point of 200° C. or above and a first porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the heat-resisting porous substrate and made of a mixture of a plurality of inorganic particles and a binder polymer. The second separator includes a polyolefin porous substrate and a second porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the polyolefin porous substrate and made of a mixture of a plurality of inorganic particles and a binder polymer.

Abstract: When a bipolar battery is manufactured, a bipolar electrode and a separator are prepared first. Then, one electrode (for example, a positive electrode) out of positive and negative electrodes is applied with such an amount of electrolyte as being exposed on a surface of the one electrode. Then, the separator is arranged on the surface of the one electrode applied with the electrolyte, thus forming a sub-assembly unit. Then, a plurality of the sub-assembly units are layered, and the electrolyte applied to the one electrode is made to permeate through the separator to the other electrode, thus forming an assembly unit.

Abstract: A battery system with at least one cell having an adjacent temperature-equalizing structure that is provided alternately with the cells and is designed for a medium that carries heat and/or cold to pass through. The cells are individual cells (1, 1?, 1?), and the temperature-equalizing structures are conventional corrugated board (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2?a, 2?b, 2?c, 2?d, 2?e) having two cover layers and at least one corrugation arranged between them for the air to pass through.

Abstract: An electrode assembly (30) is formed by combining a positive electrode plate (14), a separator (15), and a negative electrode plate (18), and the electrode assembly (30) was wound. An insulating member (21) having a hollow portion (22) is placed on the positive electrode plate (14), the negative electrode plate (18), or the separator (15) before the end of the winding step so that the insulating member (21) is incorporated inside the outermost of the electrode assembly (30) and into a corner portion (31) of the electrode assembly (30) in the winding direction. After a winding end portion (32) of the electrode assembly (30) is fixed, the hollow portion (22) is broken. Thereby, a space (20) resulting from the hollow portion (22) is formed inside the outermost of the electrode assembly (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrical separators and to a process for making them. An electrical separator is a separator used in batteries and other arrangements in which electrodes have to be separated from each other while maintaining ion conductivity for example. The separator is preferably a thin porous insulating material possessing high ion permeability, good mechanical strength and long-term stability to the chemicals and solvents used in the system, for example in the electrolyte of the battery. In batteries, the separator should fully electrically insulate the cathode from the anode. Moreover, the separator has to be permanently elastic and to follow movements in the system, for example in the electrode pack in the course of charging and discharging.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. An electrode assembly comprises: a plurality of separator members formed by winding a central separator member, wherein the central separator member is a predeterminated portion of the separator; and a plurality of electrode members positioned between each of the separator members; wherein the separator including the plurality of separator members and the central separator member is one of the plurality of separator members, and wherein both opposite ends of the central separator member is curved in opposite directions, respectively.

Abstract: A battery cell separator includes rib supports and ribs connected between the rib supports. The rib supports and the ribs form a cartridge pocket configured to receive a battery cell with the rib supports and the ribs each forming a respective side of the cartridge pocket. In another battery module, the rib supports and the ribs form respective pockets fore and aft of the ribs with each pocket being configured to receive a battery cell.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing a metal compound having a lithium ion absorption potential of 0.2V (vs. Li/Li+) or more, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The separator is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator comprises cellulose fibers and pores having a specific surface area of 5 to 15 m2/g. The separator has a porosity of 55 to 80%, and a pore diameter distribution having a first peak in a pore diameter range of 0.2 ?m (inclusive) to 2 ?m (exclusive) and a second peak in a pore diameter range of 2 to 30 ?m.

Abstract: A battery including a battery case, an electrode assembly disposed in the battery case, the electrode assembly including a winding of a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a separator, wherein the separator is interposed between the first and second electrode plates, a cap assembly covering the battery case, and a member configured to prevent a short circuit of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having a liquid electrolyte which includes a protic solvent, an anode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte, and a cathode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte. A membrane which interrupts the transport of ions between the electrodes at a predetermined temperature is disposed in the liquid electrolyte between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. In this way, electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors, which may overheat during use and cause a fire or explosion, are precluded from overheating.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery and its fabrication method prevents electrical shorts between the electrode plates by decreasing shrinkage of the separator, the battery includes: an electrode assembly including: a wound electrode jelly roll having a first electrode plate with a first electrode tab attached thereto, a second electrode plate with a second electrode tab attached thereto and a separator interposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and an upper tape arranged to surround an upper end of the electrode jelly roll where the first electrode tab and second electrode tab extend outward therefrom; a case having an upper end opening arranged to receive the electrode assembly and an electrolyte; and a cap assembly arranged to seal the upper end opening of the case after the electrode assembly has been received in the case; the upper tape is attached to the upper end of the electrode jelly roll and surrounds the separator adjacent to an end of an innermost electrode plate of the first

Abstract: Disclosed is a cell with a power-generating element and an outer package. The power-generating element includes a unit cell layer including a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. In the first electrode, a first collector is provided with one of a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode active material layer. In the second electrode, a second collector is provided with the other one of the positive and negative electrode active material layers. The first and second collectors have thicknesses such that when a conductor from outside penetrates at least two cells and a short circuit is formed between two cells via the conductor, shorted portions of the first and second collectors are fused by the heat generated by the current before the temperature of the cells reaches a predetermined value so that the short circuit is blocked.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive and negative electrodes and having an expanded portion protruding to the outside of the positive and negative electrodes; a fixing member including a first support contacting a first outer side of the expanded portion, a second support contacting a second outer side, facing the opposite direction of the first outer side, and a joining portion joining the first and second supports; and a terminal electrically connected with the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A lithium/iron disulfide electrochemical battery cell with a high discharge capacity. The cell has a lithium negative electrode, an iron disulfide positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode mixture containing the iron disulfide contains highly packed solid materials, with little space around the solid particles, to provide a high concentration of iron disulfide within the mixture. The separator is thin, to allow more space within the cell for active materials, yet strong enough to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes under abusive conditions, even when swelling of the cathode during cell discharge places additional stressed on the separator. As a result, the ratio of the interfacial capacity of the positive electrode to the electrode interfacial volume is high, as is the actual capacity on low rate/low power and high rate/high power discharge.

Abstract: A separator for a lithium ion secondary battery with an alloy based negative electrode, wherein a dynamic friction coefficient of at least one surface is 0.1 or more and 0.4 or less, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel battery structure that, in some variations, utilizes a mixed lithium-ion and electron conductor as part of the separator. This layer is non-porous, conducting only lithium ions during operation, and may be structurally free-standing. Alternatively, the layer can be used as a battery electrode in a lithium-ion battery, wherein on the side not exposed to battery electrolyte, a chemical compound is used to regenerate the discharged electrode. This battery structure overcomes critical shortcomings of current lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, and lithium-ion batteries.