Abstract: A protein comprising an amino acid sequence having at least one mutation selected from a Gly-4 to Ala mutation, a Glu-6 to His mutation, a Ser-14 to Thr mutation, an Ala-37 to Thr or Arg mutation, a Pro-50 to Gln mutation, a Glu-67 to Gly mutation, an Asp-80 to Tyr mutation, a Val-93 to Met mutation, an Arg-156 to Pro mutation, a Leu-164 to Met mutation, an Asn-202 to Asp mutation, a Thr-235 to Ala mutation, an Asn-348 to Tyr mutation, a Gly-362 to Arg mutation and a Val-473 to Ala mutation in the amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ II NO:4. (2) A thermostable protein which comprises an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence having at least one variation described in (1) and having 1,5-anhydroglucitol dehydrogenase activity. These proteins act specifically on 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), have thermal stability and exhibit excellent storage stability.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of producing fatty alcohols from recombinant host cells comprising genes encoding heterologous fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes. The disclosure further relates to FAR enzymes and functional fragments thereof derived from marine bacterium and particularly marine gamma proteobacterium such as Marinobacter and Oceanobacter; polynucleotides encoding the FAR enzymes and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods useful for producing fatty alcohol compositions from recombinant host cells. The disclosure further provides variant fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes, polynucleotides encoding the variant FAR enzymes, and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme nucleic acid and protein sequences and expression of recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzymes. The invention provides methods for degrading a cellulosic biomass by contacting the biomass with a recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encodes a novel fatty acid desaturase, KCS, KCR, DH and ECR from Nannochloropsis oculata. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing desaturase, KCS, KCR, DH and ECR nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and methods for large-scale production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), e.g., ARA, EPA and DHA.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multifunctional biomemory device in which a protein having a redox potential substituted with a metal ion is directly immobilized on a substrate. The present disclosure provides an operating method in which the redox state of the protein is controlled by applying three different potentials. The present disclosure provides a biomemory device in which the metal ion of a metalloprotein is substituted to allow for artificial control of the redox potential. The present disclosure provides a new-concept biomemory device as an information storage device based on the principle of electron transfer of a naturally occurring biomolecule.

Abstract: An E. coli expression system for producing mature human tyrosinase is provided and includes an E. coli host, which has a trait for expressing endogenous methionyl aminopeptidase in cytoplasm, and an expression vector transformed into the E. coli host. The expression vector has a replication origin sequence of an E. coli, and the expression vector includes an inducible promoter and a DNA fragment of human tyrosinase having a sequence referenced as SEQ ID NO:3, wherein a 5? end of the DNA fragment is constructed at a restriction enzyme NdeI recognition site located at the downstream of the inducible promoter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having tyrosinase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides for combinations of enzymes and other proteins that result in improved saccharification of plant material. The invention provides for saccharification in the presence of and optional fermentation by, yeast cells expressing the enzymes and other proteins.

Abstract: A process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin is described. This process entails converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: Novel laccases from Cerrena sp. WR1 and Lentinus sp. and uses thereof.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for treating lignocellulosic material with a xylanase enzyme having xylanase activity. The enzyme is stable and active at increased pHs and temperatures. The present invention therefore provides methods for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic material, especially cellulose and hemicellulose, which are major components of the cell wall of non-woody and woody plants. The methods for hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicellulose can be used on any plant, wood or wood product, wood waste, paper pulp, paper product or paper waste or byproduct.

Abstract: Disclosed are luciferase polypeptides with improved light-emitting activity and their encoding nucleic acids. These molecules are useful in a range of assays including luciferase-based gene reporter assays, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, protein complementation assays and other applications in which luciferase enzymes are utilized as detectable and/or quantifiable labels. Also disclosed are methods and compositions for increasing the sensitivity and/or improving the kinetics of luciferase-catalyzed reactions as well as decreasing the impact of undesirable variables.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding a multimeric precursor which after transcription is specifically cleaved in vivo to form multiple copies of a protein of interest. The invention further relates to a cell comprising this nucleic acid molecule and a method for producing a protein of interest using this cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a yeast cell comprising one or more exogenous genes of a pentose metabolic pathway non-native to the yeast cell wherein the yeast cell has a disruption of the hxk1, hxk2 glk1 and gal1 native in the yeast cell. The invention further relates to pentose and glucose fermenting yeast cell that is capable of simultaneous pentose and glucose consumption.

Abstract: Cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium was engineered using a combination of directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis to hydroxylate linear alkanes regio- and enantioselectively using atmospheric dioxygen as an oxidant. Mutant 9-10A-A328V hydroxylates octane primarily at the 2-positio to form S-2-octanol (40% ee). Another mutant, 1-12G, hydroxylates alkanes larger than hexane primarily at the 2-position, but forms R-2-alcohols (40-55% ee). These biocatalysts are highly active for alkane substrates and support thousands of product turnovers. These regio- and enantio-selectivities are retained in whole-cell biotransformations with E. coli, where the engineered P450s can be expressed at high levels and the expensive cofactor is supplied endogenously.

Abstract: Novel mutations in cytochrome P450C17 (CYP17) and cytochrome b5 (CYB5) affecting 16-androstene steroid synthesis are disclosed. The novel mutations result in alterations in production of critical intermediaries in the synthesis of 16-androstene steroids. Altering the activity of these enzymes may be useful in enhancing reducing androstenone synthesis and reducing boar taint. The identification of these novel mutations also allows for the development of transgenic pigs bearing mutations in these enzymes or for genetic screening to identify pigs on the basis of their CYP17 and/or CYB5 genotype. Pigs having these mutations may be selected and bred to produce pigs that have a lower incidence of boar taint.

Abstract: A polynucleotide encoding a modified luciferase polypeptide. The modified luciferase polypeptide has at least 60% amino acid sequence identity to a wild-type Oplophorus luciferase and includes at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to an amino acid in a wild-type Oplophorus luciferase of SEQ ID NO:1. The modified luciferase polypeptide has at least one of enhanced luminescence, enhanced signal stability, and enhanced protein stability relative to the wild-type Oplophorus luciferase.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for generating oxidoreductases for enantioselective reactions. Described herein are compositions and methods for generating neomorphic (R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases capable of enzymatically converting a 1-carboxy-2-ketoacid to a 1-carboxy-(R)-2-hydroxyacid, or the reverse reaction. Illustrative examples include (a) (R)-2-hydroxyadipate dehydrogenase and uses thereof for converting 2-oxoadipate to (R)-2-hydroxyadipate, or the reverse reaction; and (b) (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase and uses thereof for converting 2-oxoglutarate to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, or the reverse reaction. Also described herein are compositions and methods for generating non-natural microbial organisms to enzymatically convert 2-oxoadipate to (E)-2-hexenedioate or adipate, or to enzymatically convert 2-oxoglutarate to (E)-2-pentenedioate or glutarate, or the respective reverse reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel enzymes and novel methods for producing the same. More specifically this invention relates to a variety of fungal enzymes. Nucleic acid molecules encoding such enzymes, compositions, recombinant and genetically modified host cells, and methods of use are described. The invention also relates to a method to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material and novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass. The invention also relates to a method to release cellular content by degradation of cell walls. The invention also relates to methods to use the novel enzymes and compositions of such enzymes in a variety of other processes, including washing of clothing, detergent processes, biorefining, deinking and biobleaching of paper and pulp, and treatment of waste streams.

Abstract: This invention provides RNA, oligoribonucleotide, and polyribonucleotide molecules comprising pseudouridine or a modified nucleoside, gene therapy vectors comprising same, methods of synthesizing same, and methods for gene replacement, gene therapy, gene transcription silencing, and the delivery of therapeutic proteins to tissue in vivo, comprising the molecules. The present invention also provides methods of reducing the immunogenicity of RNA, oligoribonucleotide, and polyribonucleotide molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-naturally occurring polypeptides useful for preparing armodafinil, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides. The non-naturally occurring polypeptides of the present invention are effective in carrying out biocatalytic conversion of the (i) 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)acetamide to (?)-2-[(R)-(diphenyl-methyl)sulfinyl]acetamide (armodafinil), or (ii) benzhydryl-thioacetic acid to (R)-2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)acetic acid, which is a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of armodafinil, in enantiomeric excess.

Abstract: The invention describes new peptides containing epitopes recognized by CD4+ natural killer T (NKT) cells for increasing activity for use in infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, immune reaction to administration of allofactors, allergic diseases, therapy of tumors, prevention of graft rejection and prevention of immunization against viral proteins used in gene therapy or gene vaccination.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide DNA encoding novel NADH oxidase from a microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium having excellent pH stability and thermostability. The present invention relates to DNA encoding NADH oxidase from a microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium that is the following (a) or (b): (a) NADH oxidase comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; or (b) NADH oxidase comprising an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 by deletion, substitution, or addition of 1 or more amino acid(s) and having NADH oxidase activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for increasing the stability and/or activity of a polypeptide at low pH and/or elevated temperatures. The invention further provides a method for increasing the melting temperature of a polypeptide. Also provided are paleoenzymologically reconstructed thioredoxin polypeptides having activity at higher temperatures and/or lower pH than extant thioredoxin polypepetides, as well as paleoenzymologically reconstructed thioredoxin polypeptides having higher melting temperatures than extant thioredoxin polypepetides.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an isolated or purified nucleotide sequence comprising a cDNA sequence of an rdc2 at least 60%, 70%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO. 1. In a second embodiment, the invention provides for a flavin-dependent halogenase comprising an amino acid sequence of an Rdc2 halogenase at least 60%, 70%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO. 2. In related embodiments there are provided herein methods for halogenating compounds by using an Rdc2 halogenase of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides an enzymatically active composition for suppressing sulfide generation. The composition is free from sulfur dehydrogenase and comprises at least one enzyme having sufficient sulfide-production inhibiting activity in an acidic medium to at least inhibit biogenic sulfide production, and an oxidized nitrogenous inorganic salt present in an amount sufficient to act as an electron acceptor for the enzyme. The oxidized nitrogenous inorganic salt preferably is selected from an alkali metal nitrite, an alkaline earth metal nitrite, an alkali metal nitrate, an alkaline earth metal nitrate, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing salts. The enzymatically active composition is free from viable bacteria and is non-toxic (i.e., has an oral LD50 in rats greater than 1000 mg/Kg of body weight at a concentration of about 25,000 parts per million (ppm) in water).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for inactivating antibiotics in the environment. The invention further relates to the use of a laccase, a lipase or a cellulase for inactivation of antibiotics. It also relates to compositions to decontaminate the polluted environment and to prevent the pollution of the environment by inactivating antibiotics from waste and wastewater effluents before they reach the environment.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to surface modified colloidal particles. The invention further relates to methods of preparing and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to bacterial NADH oxidases and, more particularly, to novel NADH oxidases obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum, and derivatives thereof that demonstrate enzymatic activity for NADH, NADPH, or both NADH and NADPH. The compositions comprising an NADH oxidase obtained from L. plantarum or derivatives thereof include: isolated enzymes; recombinantly produced enzymes and derivatives thereof, as well as catalytically active portions thereof; nucleic acids encoding an NADH oxidase obtained from L. plantarum, derivatives thereof, and portions thereof. The methods of the present invention include isolation of NADH oxidases obtained from L. plantarum, derivatives thereof, and portions thereof, and methods for enzymatic reactions comprising NADH oxidase obtained from L. plantarum, including the production of enantiomer-enriched organic compounds.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method and enzyme for forming various compounds, such as monoterpenes and monoterpenoid compounds. In a specific example, the present disclosure provides a method for producing one or more of (?)-ipsdienol, (?)-ipsenol, ipsenone, and ipsdienone. The present disclosure also provides methods of using compounds formed from the disclosed method and enzyme.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a product of a reaction catalyzed by a protein having 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme activity such as (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine or a salt thereof using a bacterium transformed with a DNA fragment containing a gene coding for a protein having 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme activity such as L-isoleucine dioxygenase activity; and wherein said bacterium has the ability to produce a product such as (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing an eggshell membrane solubilization method that is capable of solving the problems associated with carrying out treatment using acids and alkalis, or problems associated with the processing methods of the conventional art that use proteases; in other words, an eggshell membrane solubilization method that is capable of solving at least one of the following problems: (1) the need for pretreatment such as pulverization, sonication or boiling; (2) the need for prolonged treatment; and (3) a low decomposition rate (approximately 20%). Eggshell membranes are efficiently solubilized by using a protease in combination with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for enriching monomer content in a cycloalkane oxidation process mixed organic waste stream. In particular, the methods involve combining a biocatalyst with a mixed organic waste stream from a cycloalkane oxidation process, and enzymatically converting dimeric and/or oligomeric components of said waste stream into monomeric components. The methods may enrich the content of diacids, adipic acid, and/or other ?,?-difunctional C6 alkanes in the mixed organic waste stream. Additionally, the treated mixed organic waste streams may have improved burning efficiency.

Abstract: The activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was modulated by contact with an effective amount of a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, resulting in phosphorylation of S602, T46, and/or S58. Kinetics and stoichiometry are disclosed. The contact strongly reduced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and also inhibited the cytochrome c reductase activity of eNOS reductase domains. Three sites of phosphorylation were determined that matched the serine-proline (SP) and threonine-proline (TP) motifs of typical MAP kinase phosphorylation sites.

Abstract: The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 (IDO2) and methods of use thereof are provided.

Abstract: A highly active novely lypoxygenase cDNA derived from Lemna paucicostata SH strain and Lemna paucicostata 441 strain and a protein encoded by the cDNA are provided.

Abstract: Oxygenic photosynthesis is the major site of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under high temperature stress, increased ROS damage the photosynthetic machinery, membranes and proteins of plants. The present invention is directed to methods for increasing the stress tolerance of plants by expressing PvGrx5 in the plants.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to oxidative decarbonylase enzymes, methods of making hydrocarbons with such enzymes, hydrocarbons produced therefrom and uses thereof. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to isolated polypeptide sequences that are cytochrome P450 enzymes with oxidative decarbonylase activity and methods of their use to generate hydrocarbon products, such as biofuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising: a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity and a bicyclic compound. The present invention also relates to methods of using the compositions.

Abstract: Site-specific modifications of proteins at their N-termini are provided. In particular, a chemical modification of proteins at their N-termini via a transamination reaction to form homogeneous adducts such as, the corresponding oxime derivatives is provided. Methods of making and using the adducts in radio-labelling, molecular imaging applications, and treatment of disorders such as cancer, Crohn's disease, arthritis, atherothrombosis and plaque rupture are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant expression of a taxadiene synthase enzyme and a geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) enzyme in cells and the production of terpenoids.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are amino acid sequences, and encoding nucleotide sequences, of isolated catalytic domains of the LOX and LOXL2 proteins from human and mouse. Methods for the preparation and use of these isolated catalytic domains are also provided.

Abstract: A soluble and stable form of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) has been made, 5-Lox is the enzyme which initiates leukotriene biosynthesis by catalyzing the two-step transformation of arachidomc acid to leukotriene A4 (LTA4). The soluble and stable 5-LOX is suitable for a number of applications, including, but not limited to, high throughput screening of 5-LOX inhibitors, structural analysis of the enzyme's active site, designing inhibitors based on the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme's active site, and synthesis of LTA4. Using Stable-5-LOX, the crystal structure for 5-LOX has been resolved and the amino acids defining the active site determined.

Abstract: The formation of acrylamide during heat treatment in the production of a food product is reduced by treating the raw material with an enzyme before the heat treatment. The enzyme is capable of reacting on asparagine or glutamine (optionally substituted) as a substrate or is a laccase or a peroxidase.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns compositions and methods for targeting peptides, polypeptides, and proteins to plastids of plastid-containing cells. In some embodiments, the disclosure concerns chloroplast transit peptides that may direct a polypeptide to a plastid, and nucleic acid molecules encoding the same. In some embodiments, the disclosure concerns methods for producing a transgenic plant material (e.g., a transgenic plant) comprising a chloroplast transit peptide, as well as plant materials produced by such methods, and plant commodity products produced therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising a section that encodes a signal peptide, a section that comprises a heterologous redox factor-regenerating polypeptide, an optional section that encodes a protease detection site, a section that encodes a transmembrane linker, and a section that encodes a transporter domain of an autotransporter or a variant thereof. The nucleic acid molecule enables the expression of redox factor-regenerating enzymes.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and a kit for easily performing a color reaction for coloration of bright green to blue colors by using tyrosinase. The above-mentioned problem was solved by providing a coloration method comprising the steps of: (a) mixing peptide and tyrosinase; (b) incubating the mixture; and (d) cryopreserving the incubated mixture; and by providing a kit for performing a color reaction, comprising: (i) peptide; and (ii) tyrosinase.