Abstract: The present invention provides molybdenum and tungsten nanostructures, for example, nanosheets and nanoparticles, and methods of making and using same, including using such nanostructures as catlysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.

Abstract: The present application relates to a spherical, porous structure which is formed using a mould taking the form of a spherical nanoparticle aggregate, and relates to a production method therefor. According to one aspect of the present application, the production method for the spherical, porous structure comprises: the use of a mould taking the form of a spherical nanoparticle-carbon precursor aggregate comprising a carbon precursor on the surfaces of a plurality of nanoparticles, formed by removing solvent from droplets comprising the carbon precursor and the plurality of nanoparticles.

Abstract: A gold-carbon compound that is a reaction product of gold and carbon, wherein the gold and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the gold when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A zinc-carbon compound that is a reaction product of zinc and carbon, wherein the zinc and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the zinc when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A method of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon, especially an alkane, to form an unsaturated compound, especially an alkene, includes contacting the alkane with a catalyst including a form of carbon which is catalytically active for the dehydrogenation reaction. The catalyst may be formed by passing a hydrocarbon over a catalyst precursor at an elevated temperature for sufficient time to form the active carbon phase, characterized in that the catalyst precursor includes less than 0.1% of a transition metal.

Abstract: A tin-carbon compound that is a reaction product of tin and carbon, wherein the tin and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the tin when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A lead-carbon compound that is a reaction product of lead and carbon, wherein the lead and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the lead when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst for hydrogen production having an excellent catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and a method of producing hydrogen using the catalyst. The carbon catalyst for hydrogen production is a carbon catalyst, which is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance and a transition metal, the catalyst being used for hydrogen production by thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon compound and/or an oxygen-containing organic compound. Further, the carbon catalyst for hydrogen production may be obtained by loading an alkaline earth metal on a carbonized material produced by the carbonization.

Abstract: A high surface area support material is formed of an intimate mixture of carbon clusters and titanium oxide clusters. A catalytic metal, such as platinum, is deposited on the support particles and the catalyzed material used as an electrocatalyst in an electrochemical cell such as a PEM fuel cell. The composite material is prepared by thermal decomposition and oxidation of an intimate mixture of a precursor carbon polymer, a titanium alkoxide and a surfactant that serves as a molecular template for the mixed precursors.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: A catalyst slurry, an electrode prepared by using the same, and a fuel cell including the electrode. The catalyst slurry includes: a catalyst material; a binder; and a solvent including a first liquid for dissolving the binder and a second liquid having a viscosity that is higher than that of the first liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for controlling catalytic processes, including catalyst regeneration and soot elimination. An alternating current is applied to a catalyst layer and a polarization impedance of the catalyst layer is monitored. The polarization impedance may be controlled by varying the asymmetrical alternating current. At least one of water, oxygen, steam and heat may be provided to the catalyst layer to enhance an oxidation reaction for soot elimination and/or to regenerate the catalyst.

Abstract: Microwave irradiation is used to synthesize graphene and metallic nanocatalysts supported on graphene either by solid or solution phase. In solid phase methods, no solvents or additional reducing agents are required so the methods are “environmentally friendly” and economical, and the graphene and nanocatalysts are substantially free of residual contaminants. Recyclable, high efficiency Pd nanocatylysts are prepared by these methods.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a physical mixture of particles of a catalytic material and particles of char is provided. The catalyst can be used in various processes, including the reforming of tars present in syngas generated during biomass gasification. The catalyst is produced through a mechanical mixing of the catalytic material and char particles, which results in significant time and energy savings over methods of catalyst preparation that involve impregnation and calcining of a support material.

Abstract: A composite including: a carbonaceous material; and a solid solution including a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a carbon material, by which carbon fibers or carbon tubes, particularly branched carbon fibers or carbon tubes, are obtained via a so-called self-growing process without using external carbon sources. The carbon material obtained by the method has a large specific surface area and further includes a metal catalyst, and thus may be used in cell materials for a fuel cell or secondary battery, hydrogen storage devices, capacitors, solar cells, display panel or the like.

Abstract: A method to obtain a catalyst of transition metals supported on a carbonaceous material, via impregnation, with a solution of metal-thiourea complex, obtained from precursor salts. The formation of the sulfur on the surface of the support occurs through the thermal decomposition of the complex. The obtained catalysts are applicable toward the direct liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a core-shell type supported catalyst, wherein alloy particles having a core-shell structure with a different interior and exterior are supported on a complex carbon support. The method includes: 1) dissolving and dispersing a carbon support in a solvent using a stabilizer; 2) dissolving a core precursor in the solution, and adding a strong reducing agent to reduce and support a transition metal of the core precursor on a surface of the carbon support; 3) filtering and washing the carbon support on which the transition metal is supported; 4) re-dispersing the filtered and washed carbon support in a shell precursor aqueous solution; and 5) adding a weak reducing agent to the solution of step 4) at 60˜80° C. so that metal ions of a shell precursor are selectively reduced and deposited on the transition metal.

Abstract: A doped material comprises TiO2 and three non-metal dopants. The first non-metal dopant comprises sulfur, the second non-metal dopant comprises fluorine, and the third non-metal dopant comprises carbon. The sulfur dopant comprises a cationic dopant, the carbon dopant comprises a cationic dopant, and the fluorine dopant comprises an anionic dopant. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the sulfur is approximately 99.75:0.25. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the fluorine is approximately 99.1:0.9. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the carbon is approximately 98.7:1.3. The material has a transparent, lateral growth crystalline atomic structure. The crystallite particle size is approximately 1 nm. The material is soluble to facilitate dissolving of the material in a solvent without requiring any dispersants to form a true solution.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system comprising a hybrid composite. The hybrid composite can comprise tubular carbon and graphene produced via pyrolysis of a milled solid carbon source under an unoxidizing environment. When analyzed via X-ray diffraction, the hybrid composite can generate peaks at two theta values of approximately 26.5 degrees, approximately 42.5 degrees, and/or approximately 54.5 degrees.

Abstract: A supported carbon having high surface area, high pore volume containing (i) molybdenum (ii) a metal of non noble Group VIII, (iii) phosphorous, is used for hydrometallization of heavy crude oil and residue. The catalyst contains about 6 to 15 wt % molybdenum as MoO3, about 1 to 6 wt % cobalt or nickel as CoO or NiO and phosphorus as phosphorous oxide. One characteristic of the catalyst is the portion of pores having pore diameter in the range of 200 to 2000 Angstrom of 20 percent or more. The catalyst prepared by chelating agent has higher hydrodesulfurization activity assuming that more dispersed active metals are present on this catalyst. Long run activity studies show that catalyst having only molybdenum supported on activated carbon has good stability with time-on-stream and very high metal retention capacity.

Abstract: A process includes contacting a carbon support material with an oxidizing agent followed by the acid treatment to form a functionalized carbon support material including surface hydroxyl functionality; contacting the functionalized carbon support material with a solution of a catalyst precursor; and adjusting the pH of the solution to produce a carbon supported catalyst material including a metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A method of forming nano-structure composite materials that have a binder material and a nanostructure fiber material is described. A precursor material may be formed using a mixture of at least one metal powder and anchored nanostructure materials. The metal powder mixture may be (a) Ni powder and (b) NiAl powder. The anchored nanostructure materials may comprise (i) NiAl powder as a support material and (ii) carbon nanotubes attached to nanoparticles adjacent to a surface of the support material. The process of forming nano-structure composite materials typically involves sintering the mixture under vacuum in a die. When Ni and NiAl are used in the metal powder mixture Ni3Al may form as the binder material after sintering. The mixture is sintered until it consolidates to form the nano-structure composite material.

Abstract: Generally, the present invention relates to improvements in metal utilization in supported, metal-containing catalysts. For example, the present invention relates to methods for directing and/or controlling metal deposition onto surfaces of porous substrates. The present invention also relates to methods for preparing catalysts in which a first metal is deposited onto a support (e.g., a porous carbon support) to provide one or more regions of a first metal at the surface of the support, and a second metal is deposited at the surface of the one or more regions of the first metal. Generally, the electropositivity of the first metal (e.g., copper or iron) is greater than the electropositivity of the second metal (e.g., a noble metal such as platinum) and the second metal is deposited at the surface of the one or more regions of the first metal by displacement of the first metal. The present invention further relates to treated substrates, catalyst precursor structures and catalysts prepared by these methods.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst exhibiting excellent performance particularly in partial oxidation reaction. Another object is to provide a method for efficiently producing carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride through vapor-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst contains (1) diamond; (2) at least one species selected from among Group 5 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide A; and (3) at least one species selected from among Group 4 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide B. The method for producing a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic anhydride includes subjecting an organic compound to vapor phase partial oxidation by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst, wherein the organic compound is an aromatic compound having one or more substituents in a molecule thereof, the substituents each including a carbon atom bonded to an aromatic ring.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a mixed catalyst containing a metal oxide nanowire, and an electrode and a fuel cell which include a mixed catalyst manufactured by the method. The method includes: forming a metal/polymer nanowire by electrospinning a polymer solution containing a first metal precursor and a second metal precursor; forming a metal oxide nanowire by heat-treating the metal/polymer mixture nanowire; and mixing the metal oxide nanowire with active metal nanoparticles. Here, the metal of the second metal precursor is used as a dopant for the metal oxide nanowire. In the event an electrode catalyst layer of a fuel cell is formed using the manufactured mixed catalyst, the fuel cell has the advantages of significantly improved performance and reduced costs in generating electricity.

Abstract: A metal-carbon composition including a metal and carbon, wherein the metal and the carbon form a single phase material, characterized in that the carbon does not phase separate from the metal when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature, the metal being selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, tin, lead, and zinc.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode comprising an electrically conductive material having a surface capable of producing surface enhanced Raman scattering of incident light from a complex adsorbed at the surface of the electrode, the complex including the electrically conductive material combined with a second material that is substantially reducible and not substantially oxidizable. The surface of the electrode can be microroughened. The invention also includes a method for making various embodiments of the electrode, and a method of generating electricity using the electrode. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a fuel cell is provided including the electrode of the invention.

Abstract: The noble metal fine particle supported catalyst of the present invention includes a substrate, and a porous membrane formed on the substrate. The porous membrane contains support particles, noble metal fine particles, and an inorganic binder. In the porous membrane, the noble metal fine particles are supported on surfaces of the support particles, and the support particles form secondary particles each having a porous structure. The porous membrane is formed by binding, with the inorganic binder, the secondary particles formed of the support particles so that a gap is present at least partly between the secondary particles adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod, and a combustible treatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for said catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell comprising catalyst metal particles of noble metal-base metal-Ce (cerium) ternary alloy carried on carbon materials, wherein the noble metal is at least one member selected from among Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag and Au, the base metal is at least one member selected from among Ir, Co, Fe, Ni and Mn, and the relative proportion (i.e., the molar proportion) of noble metal:base metal:Ce (cerium) is 20 to 95:5 to 60:0.1 to 3. The electrode catalyst for a fuel cell inhibits deterioration of an electrolyte membrane or an electrolyte in an electrode catalyst layer, improves durability, and, in particular, improves the capacity for power generation in the high current density region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst for producing biodiesel, including a carrier having water resistance and an active component supported on the carrier and used in a hydrotreating reaction or a decarboxylation reaction. Since the catalyst for producing biodiesel includes a carrier having strong water resistance, the deactivation of the catalyst due to the water produced through a process of producing HBD can be prevented, thus remarkably improving the long term stability of a catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst slurry, an electrode prepared by using the same, and a fuel cell including the electrode. The catalyst slurry includes: a catalyst material; a binder; and a solvent including a first liquid for dissolving the binder and a second liquid having a viscosity that is higher than that of the first liquid.

Abstract: Titania having high visible light photocatalytic activity is prepared by (a) mixing titania with carbon powder; (b) heating the titania/carbon powder mixture to at least about 1000° C. in an inert or weakly reactive atmosphere; and (c) thereafter heating the resultant powder mixture to a temperature in the range of about 350 to about 1000° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. The resultant titania may be used for detoxifying or disinfecting liquids for gases, for generating hydrogen from aqueous media and in sunscreens and sunglasses.

Abstract: A porous solid acid catalyst having high concentration of acidic sites and a large surface area includes a porous silica support and a sulfonated carbon layer disposed within the pores of the silica support. The catalyst, in certain embodiments, has a concentration of —SO3H groups of at least about 0.5 mmol/g and a predominant pore size of at least about 300 ?. The catalyst is used to catalyze a variety of acid-catalyzed reactions, including but not limited to alkylation, acylation, etherification, olefin hydration and alcohol dehydration, dimerization of olefin and bicyclic compounds, esterification and transesterification. For example, the catalyst can be used to catalyze esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) and, in certain embodiments, to catalyze transesterification of triglycerides in fats and oils.

Abstract: Permeable composite fibrous catalytic sheets comprised of at least three distinct solid phases. A first solid phase is an electrically conductive phase comprised of randomly oriented electrically conductive carbon fibers. A second solid phase is a 3-dimensional porous network of a non-conductive porous ceramic material. A third phase is comprised of catalytic particles dispersed on said 3-dimensional porous network.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance that effectively decomposes hazardous substances such as aldehydes, a hazardous-substance-decomposing material, and a method of decomposing a hazardous substance. The carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance is a carbon catalyst having a catalytic activity for decomposing the hazardous substance. The hazardous substance is, for example, a volatile organic compound such as aldehydes or a malodorous substance such as a sulfur compound. The method of decomposing a hazardous substance, is a method including decomposing the hazardous substance with the carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance or with a hazardous-substance-decomposing material containing the carbon catalyst for decomposing a hazardous substance.

Abstract: An inverse micelle-based method for forming nanoparticles on supports includes dissolving a polymeric material in a solvent to provide a micelle solution. A nanoparticle source is dissolved in the micelle solution. A plurality of micelles having a nanoparticle in their core and an outer polymeric coating layer are formed in the micelle solution. The micelles are applied to a support. The polymeric coating layer is then removed from the micelles to expose the nanoparticles. A supported catalyst includes a nanocrystalline powder, thin film, or single crystal support. Metal nanoparticles having a median size from 0.5 nm to 25 nm, a size distribution having a standard deviation ?0.1 of their median size are on or embedded in the support. The plurality of metal nanoparticles are dispersed and in a periodic arrangement. The metal nanoparticles maintain their periodic arrangement and size distribution following heat treatments of at least 1,000° C.

Abstract: The invention discloses core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell=outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is in the range of 20 to 100 nm, preferably in the range of 20 to 50 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) is about 5 to 20% of the diameter of the inner particle core of said catalyst particle, preferably comprising at least 3 atomic layers. The core/shell type catalyst particles, particularly the particles comprising a Pt-based shell, reveal a high specific activity. The catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and are used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: The invetion relates to a titanium dioxide-based photocatalyst containing carbon that is highly photoactive in visible light (vlp-TiO2) and to a method of manufacture. The vlp-TiO2is manufactured by mixing a fine grained titanium compount (BET?50 m2/g) with an organic carbon compound and subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 350° C. The carbon content amounts to 0.05 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by weight. The product is characterized by an ESR spectrum which displays only one significant signal in the g value range from 1.97 to 2.05 at g about 2.003. The inventive photocatalyst can be used for to degrade contaminants and pollutants in liquids and gases.

Abstract: Herein described are cementitious products and articles of manufacture comprising a carbon-doped titanium dioxide, having long-term photocatalytic activity. The titanium dioxide contained therein may be obtained by irradiating titanium dioxide under specific conditions of wavelength, in presence of a gas flow comprising an inert gas and an organic compound. The titanium dioxide thus treated acquires a high and stable carbon content, maintaining the specific surface area thereof substantially unaltered. The cementitious products/articles of manufacture containing it have a high and efficient photocatalytic action.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst including a base material coated with a catalytic metal is made using mechanical milling techniques. The hydrogenation catalysts are used as an excellent catalyst for the dehalogenation of contaminated compounds and the remediation of other industrial compounds. Preferably, the hydrogenation catalyst is a bimetallic particle including zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic material. The mechanical milling technique is simpler and cheaper than previously used methods for producing hydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: The invention discloses core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell?outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is ?20 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) comprises at least 3 atomic layers. The core/shell type catalyst particles, particularly the particles comprising a Pt-based shell, reveal a high specific activity. The catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and are used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: A method for preparing a metal-nanotube composite catalyst for an electro-chemical oxygen reduction reaction includes: debundling carbon nanotubes (CNTs); loading a carbon-containing polymeric material onto the surfaces of the nanotubes that have been debundled; carbonizing in situ the carbon-containing polymeric material on the carbon nanotubes to form carbon char layers surrounding the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes; and loading metal catalyst particles on the carbon nanotubes. The carbon char layers contain high amount of nitrogen and may be formed into a porous structure.

Abstract: A porous catalyst includes at least one noble nano-metal particle, an oxide for forming porous structures, and a carrier material for supporting the oxide and the at least one noble nano-metal particle. The porous catalyst shows a large electrochemical surface area and a highly conductive ability. Further, the noble nano-metal particles are separated on the oxides uniformly, and the oxide of the catalyst forms a porous structure to provide a large electrochemical surface area. The porous catalyst provides excellent proton/electron transfer ability and increases the reaction rate.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A support for carrying a catalyst is obtained by carbonizing raw materials containing a nitrogen-containing organic substance and a metal. The support for carrying a catalyst may have a peak at a diffraction angle of around 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern, the peak including 20 to 45% of a graphite-like structure component and 55 to 80% of an amorphous component. In addition, the support for carrying a catalyst may have an intensity ratio of a band at 1,360 cm?1 to a band at 1,580 cm?1 (I1,360/I1,580) in a Raman spectrum of 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less. In addition, the support for carrying a catalyst may be obtained by carbonizing the raw materials to obtain a carbonized material, subjecting the carbonized material to a metal removal treatment, and subjecting the resultant to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A carbon nanosphere has at least one opening. The carbon nanosphere is obtained by preparing a carbon nanosphere and treating it with an acid to form the opening. The carbon nanosphere with at least one opening has higher utilization of a surface area and electrical conductivity and lower mass transfer resistance than a conventional carbon nanotube, thus allowing for higher current density and cell voltage with a smaller amount of metal catalyst per unit area of a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: An adhesive layer 3 is disposed between a carbon particle 2 and a catalyst substance 1 of a catalyst-supporting particle for a fuel cell containing the carbon particle 2 and the catalyst substance 1. Thereby, the catalyst-supporting particle for fuel cell can be obtained in which a contact resistance between the catalyst substance and the carbon particle supporting the same is lower, and the aggregation of the catalyst substance is suppressed. A catalyst electrode for a fuel cell and the fuel cell using the above particle have a higher output power and an excellent durability.