Abstract: An orthorhombic phase mixed metal oxide is produced selectively in quantitative yield.

Abstract: In a process for producing Phillips catalysts in which an oxidic support material is treated in suspension with a chromium salt solution and subsequently, after removing the solvent, calcined in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at above 300° C., the oxidic support material and/or the catalyst after calcination are/is, according to the present invention, comminuted until a mean particle size of <100 &mgr;m has been reached and the proportion of particles having a size of <50 &mgr;m is at least 30%, preferably in the range from 40 to 80%. A process for preparing homopolymers or copolymers of ethene in a loop reactor at from 30 to 150° C. under a pressure in the range from 0.2 to 15 MPa in the presence of a catalyst produced by the process of the present invention is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: Method for the discontinuous thermal treatment of catalyst material comprising the steps (a) introducing the catalyst material into a reactor, (b) heating the catalyst material, (c) thermally treating the catalyst material in the reactor at the reactor temperature, (d) discharging the catalyst material from the reactor and (e) cooling the catalyst material, wherein the reactor temperature is kept constant during the steps (a) to (e), step (b) is carried out during and/or after step (a), step (e) is carried out during and/or after step (d), and step (c) is carried out after step (b) and before step (e). The method is used primarily for the calcination or activation of catalysts or catalyst supports which are used in polyolefin production.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

Abstract: A chromium containing catalyst wherein the chromium atom is in one of its higher valence states and is immobilized to a support-agglomerate composed of at least one inorganic oxide component and at least one ion-containing layered component.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas contaminated with CO and COS, and an oxygen-containing gas, is contacted with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, such as metal oxides containing oxides of the formula, (BiaCobNic)yMo1−yOz, where a, b and c are from 0 to 1, y is from 0.01 to 0.75 and z is from 1.125 to 4.875; a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, such as those of the formula [(Au1−(w+d)RhwRud)eCofAlO1.5−u(OH)2u]1−(e+f), where w and d are from 0 to 1, e is from 0.001 to 0.2, f is from 0 to 0.2 and u is from 0 to 1.5; or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support contains alumina or carbon.

Abstract: Process for the preperation of a hydrodhlorofluoroalkane according to which a halogenated precursor of the hydrochlorofluoroalkane is reated with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst comprising chromiun (Cr) and another metal.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalysts useful in reductive amination, which include nickel, copper, zirconium and/or chromium, oxygen, and tin. The presence of the tin increases the selectivity of the catalyst in reductive aminations over the catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: Regenerable gas purifier materials are provided capable of reducing the level of contaminants such as oxygen and moisture in a hydride gas stream to parts-per-billion levels or sub-parts-per-billion levels. The purifier materials of this invention comprise a thin layer of one or more reduced forms of a metal oxide coated on the surface of a nonreactive substrate. The thin layer may further contain the completely reduced form of the metal. In one embodiment, the total surface area of the thin layer is less than 100 m2/g.

Abstract: A process to produce ethylene polymers is provided. Particularly, a process to produce ethylene polymers having a broad molecular weight distribution is provided. More particularly, a process to produce ethylene polymers that have low formation of smoke and odor during blow molding is provided.

Abstract: A process for the production mixed metal oxide containing catalysts comprising the steps of:

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a catalyst composition comprising bulk catalyst particles comprising at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals. The process comprises combining and reacting at least one Group VIII non-noble metal component with at least two Group VIB metal components in the presence of a protic liquid, with at least one of the metal components remaining at least partly in the solid state during the entire process. The Group VIII and Group VIB metals comprise from about 50 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, calculated as oxides, of the total weight of said bulk catalyst particles, with the solubility of those of the metal components which are at least partly in the solid state during the reaction being less than 0.05 mol/100 ml water at 18° C.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to obtain a ceramic body that can support a required amount of catalyst component, without lowering the characteristics such as strength, being manufactured without forming a coating layer and providing a high performance ceramic catalyst body that is excellent in practical utility and durability.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the gas phase oxidation of alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids is disclosed. Processes for preparing the catalyst and using the catalyst to convert alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an oxide catalyst for use in producing (meth)acrylonitrile from propane or isobutane by ammoxidation in the gaseous phase, the oxide catalyst comprising a compound oxide containing Mo, V and Sb as essential component elements, which process comprises subjecting a solution or slurry, in water and/or an alcohol, of a raw-material mixture comprising a Mo compound, a V compound and an Sb compound as essential raw materials to a specific oxidation treatment using an oxidizing gas and/or an oxidizing liquid before subjecting the solution or slurry to drying and subsequent calcination. Further, also disclosed is a process for producing a base-treated oxide catalyst by treating the above-mentioned oxide catalyst with an aqueous basic solution.

Abstract: An improved catalyst including a compound of the formula (I) AaMmNnXxOo  (I) wherein 0.25<a<0.98, 0.003<m<0.5, 0.003<n<0.5, 0.003<x<0.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for the gas phase oxidation of alkanes to unsaturated aldehydes or carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A gel composition substantially contained within the pores of a solid material is disclosed for use as a catalyst or as a catalyst support in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an oxide catalyst comprising, as component elements, molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), at least one element selected from the group consisting of the two elements of antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te), and niobium (Nb), wherein the process comprises providing an aqueous raw material mixture containing compounds of the component elements of the oxide catalyst, and drying the aqueous raw material mixture, followed by calcination, and wherein, in the aqueous raw material mixture, at least a part of the niobium compound as one of the compounds of the component elements is present in the form of a complex thereof with a complexing agent comprising a compound having a hydroxyl group bonded to an oxygen atom or a carbon atom. Also disclosed is a process for producing (meth)acrylonitrile or (meth)acrylic acid, which comprises performing the ammoxidation or oxidation of propane or isobutane in the gaseous phase in the presence of the oxide catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing heterogeneous catalysts. According to the method, preparation is carried out under such process conditions in which the bonding of compounds from the gas phase onto the surface of a support material is primarily determined by the properties of the support surface. The constituents contained in the reagent are then selectively bonded to the bonding sites of the support material surface, thus forming stable surface bonds. According to the invention, the number of surface-bond sites available for preparing a stable product with surface bonds is controlled by varying the reaction temperature and/or selecting a suitable reagent. The invention makes it possible to control the metal content of the end product at a predetermined level.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation of ammonia is of the general formula (AxByO3z)k (MEmOn)f, wherein: A is a cation of Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg, Be, La or mixtures thereof, B is cations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, V or mixtures thereof, x=0-2, y=1-2, z=0.8-1.7; MemOn is an aluminum oxide and/or oxide of silicon zirconium, chromium, aluminosilicates, oxides of rare earth elements (REE) or mixtures thereof, m=1-3, n=1-2, k and f are % by weight, with the ratio f/k=0.01-1. The catalyst may be granules of different configuration, including blocks of honeycomb structure. The catalyst is thermally stable, resistant to thermal shocks. There is no water runoff.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the following empirical formula which is useful in production of unsaturated nitrites by ammoxidation: Mo10BiaFebSbcNidCreFfGgHhKkXxYyOi(SiO2)j wherein F represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum and cerium, G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and zinc, H represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, x represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and tellurium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium, the suffixes a-k, x and y represent a ratio of atoms or atomic groups, and a=0.1-3, b=0.3-15, c=0-20, d=3-8, e=0.2-2, f=0.05-1, e/f>1, g=0-5, h=0-3, k=0.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as Photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and Photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: For transforming hydrocarbons into aromatic compounds, the reaction is conducted on a homogeneous bed of catalyst particles, said catalyst comprising at least one amorphous matrix, at least one noble metal, at least two additional metals M1 and M2 and at least one halogen, and in which, for a catalyst particle, Cpt is the local concentration of platinum; CM1 is the local concentration of additional metal M1; CM2 is the local concentration of additional metal M2; in which the standard deviation of the distribution of the local ratios of the concentrations of the additional metals, CM1/CM2, measured along the particle diameter, is better than 25% relative.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyethylene resin having a monomodal molecular weight distribution in a single polymerisation reactor using a chromium-based catalyst system, by copolymerising ethylene and an alpha-olefinic-comonomer having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the polyethylene resin comprising a blend of a higher molecular weight fraction polymerised by a first chromium-based catalyst of the system and a lower molecular weight fraction polymerised by a second chromium-based catalyst of the system, wherein the comonomer incorporation in the higher molecular weight fraction is greater than the comonomer incorporation in the lower molecular weight fraction is greater than the comonomer incorporation in the lower molecular weight fraction whereby the higher and lower molecular weight fractions differ in density by from 0.01 to 0.03 g/cc.

Abstract: A process for producing high density polyethylene having a bimodal molecular weight distribution, the process comprising pre-contacting a chromium-based catalyst with an alkyl metal oxane, the chromium-based catalyst comprising chromium oxide on a silica-containing support, to form a catalyst system wherein the atomic ratio of the metal of the oxane to the chromium is less than 1, and polymerising ethylene or copolymerising ethylene and an alpha-olefinic comonomer comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the presence of the catalyst system. A catalyst system for polymerising ethylene or copolymerising ethylene and an alpha-olefinic comonomer comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms to produce high density polyethylene, the catalyst system comprising in combination a chromium-based catalyst comprising chromium oxide on a silica-containing support and an alkyl metal oxane with which the chromium-based catalyst has been precontacted whereby the atomic ratio of the metal of the oxane to the chromium is less than 1.

Abstract: A reformer disposed in the flow path of a reactant fluid includes: a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis, and an electrically heatable heater unit. An electrically heatable catalyst unit includes: any of a sintered material, a metallic material, a composite material thereof, at least a portion of each of these materials having an electrically heatable property, and a composite material of (1) a heat-resistant material having no electrically heatable property and (2) the sintered material and/or the metallic material, and a catalyst capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis, which catalyst unit has porosity, thereby enables diffusion of a reactant fluid therethrough, and is electrically heatable. The above reformer can generate high-purity hydrogen for use in fuel cell of industrial or automotive application, in a short time.

Abstract: A chromia-based fluorination catalyst in which the chromia is at least partially crystalline and which may contain a zinc or a compound thereof, the production of the catalyst by sintering amorphous chromia and its use in fluorination processes.

Abstract: An acidic amorphous silica-amumina has a large specific surface area and a large pore volume. A carrier complex and a hydrotreating catalyst containing acidic amorphous silica-alumina, in particular a hydrocracking catalyst containing acidic amorphous silica-alumina in combination with a modified zeolite-Y, treats petroleum hydrocarbon materials to produce middle distillates. The amorphous silica-alumina has a SiO2 content of 10-50 wt. %, a specific surface area of 300-600 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.8-1.5 ml/g and an IR acidity of 0.25-0.60 mmol/g. The catalyst shows a relatively high activity and mid-distillate selectivity and can be particularly used in hydrocracking process for producing mid-distillates with a higher yield.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts situated on a polyoxometallate support. Also disclosed are methods of preparing these catalysts and processes for the conversion of alkanes to unsaturated organic compounds using these catalysts.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of a combination of inorganic co-catalysts containing manganese and nickel; manganese and iron; manganese and chromium; manganese and cerium; manganese and europium; manganese, cerium, and europium; manganese, iron, and europium; or manganese and thorium. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various other inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: Catalyst mixtures are comprised of zinc oxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide, and an amount of chromium (III) oxide in an amount sufficient to improve conversion and/or selectivity of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone under cyclohexanol dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy catalyst for hydrogenation and its preparation method are disclosed herein. The catalyst essentially consists of nickel ranging between 60 and 98 wt %, iron ranging between 0 and 20 wt %, one doping metal element selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and tungsten ranging between 0 and 20 wt %, and aluminum ranging between 0.5 and 30 wt % based on the weight of said catalyst, wherein the weight percentages of iron and the doping metal element component may not be zero at the same time; and just one broad diffusion peak appears at about 2 &thgr;=45±1° on the XRD patterns of the catalyst within 2 &thgr; range from 20 to 80°. The catalyst herein can be used in processes for hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as olefin, alkyne, aromatics, nitro, carbonyl groups, nitrile and soon, and for hydrorefining of caprolactam in particular.

Abstract: A catalyst for selective hydrogenation, which comprises, on the basis of the total weight of catalyst, 1-30 wt % of copper as the first active component, 0.001-5 wt % of palladium as the second active component, 0.001-6 wt % of at least one metal selected from Ag, Pt, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Bi, Zr and Mo as cocatalyst, and the balance of at least one support selected from alumina, silica or titania. The present invention further relates to its preparation, its use in removal of alkynes from alkyne-enriched C4 cuts through selective hydrogenation and its regeneration.

Abstract: Thermally integrated monolith catalysts active for catalyzing the oxidative conversion of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed. The composition and multi-layer configuration facilitates heat balancing between exothermic and endothermic reactions that take place in different sections of the monolith in a short contact time syngas reactor. The monolith comprises an active catalyst material supported by a multi-layer structure made of thin, porous metal pieces, the opposing faces of which are joined together at their perimeters. The metal pieces may be perforated disks made of at least two metals or metal oxides, and may also include a metal oxide coating.

Abstract: Reticulated ceramic monolithic catalysts and non-poisoning catalyst supports comprising one or more metal oxides of chromium, cobalt, nickel, an alkaline earth, a rare earth, or another sinterable metal oxide that are active in any of various chemical oxidation reactions are disclosed. Methods of making the new reticulated ceramic structures comprising impregnating an organic foam or other pore-templating material are also disclosed. Processes for the catalytic conversion of light hydrocarbons to products comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen employing reticulated ceramic catalysts are described.

Abstract: Nanostructured materials and processes for the preparation of these nanostructured materials in high phase purities using cavitation is disclosed. The method preferably comprises mixing a metal containing solution with a precipitating agent and passing the mixture into a cavitation chamber. The chamber consists of a first element to produce cavitation bubbles, and a second element that creates a pressure zone sufficient to collapse the bubbles. The process is useful for the preparation of catalysts and materials for piezoelectrics and superconductors.

Abstract: Processes for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons to carbon monoxide and hydrogen employing new chromium-based catalysts are disclosed. One highly active and selective catalyst system, providing greater than 95% CH4 conversion, and 97-98 % selectivity to CO and H2, is a chromium-containing catalyst consisting of a CoCr2O4 cubic spinel precursor dispersed in a chromium oxide matrix. Some other preferred catalysts compositions comprise nickel-chromium containing and rare earth-chromium containing compounds.

Abstract: A fluorination catalyst comprising chromium oxide having a specific surface area of from 170 m2/g to 300 m2/g, which can catalyze the fluorination of a halogenated hydro-carbon with hydrogen fluoride and has a high activity and a long catalyst life.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves the in situ formation of metal-molybdate catalyst particles active for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, with iron as an example, the catalyst is made by mixing particulate forms of Fe2O3 and MoO3 which form an active Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 component inside the reactor during methanol oxidation.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of vinyl acetate which comprises (1) a catalyst support, (2) palladium, (3) an acid, (4) at least one acetic acid catalyst promoter and (5) at least one vinyl acetate promoter and/or co-promoter. A process for the production of vinyl acetate from ethylene and an oxygen-containing gas using the catalyst.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses metallic fiber boards having catalytic functionality and processes for producing the same. The boards are formed from a mesh of metallic fibers, each fiber having a first layer of an oxide and a second layer of a porous oxide. A catalyst, either disposed on the surface of the second layer, or dispersed within the second layer, provides catalytic functionality to the fiber board. The first layer is produced by thermal oxidation of the metallic fibers, while the second layer and catalyst are produced by thermal decomposition of precursor materials applied to the fiber board while in solution, typically as a spray of atomized droplets. The resulting boards are used to catalyze the combustion of hydrocarbons, especially methane, and particularly in household boilers.

Abstract: A nickel-containing hydrogenation catalyst is prepared by reducing nickel-containing catalyst material in the liquid phase in a single-stage process by means of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for producing high density polyethylene, the process comprising polymerising ethylene, or copolymerising ethylene and an alpha-olefinic comonomer comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising first and second chromium-based catalysts, the first chromium-based catalyst having been reduced and reoxidised and the second chromium-based catalysts having been activated, fluoridised before or during the activation step, and reduced, the first and second chromium-based catalysts having a pore volume difference of at least 0.8 cc/g.