Abstract: Layered adsorbent-substrate composites are prepared by methods comprising heating the surface of an aluminum substrate, contacting the surface of the substrate with a slurry containing the adsorbent and a binder, and heating the coatings to form hardened surfaces which can have excellent adsorption and mechanical properties and have a variety of uses such as adsorbents in automobile mufflers.

Abstract: A process for a shape selective hydrocarbon conversion such as toluene disproportionation involves contacting a reaction stream under conversion conditions with a catalytic molecular sieve which has been pre-selectivated and concurrently activated by contact with a substantially aqueous solution of an organosilicon compound. The invention also includes a method for concurrently preselectivating and activating a catalyst and the shape selectivated, activated catalyst which results from this method.

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles of bound clay, one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: Novel pillared clay compositions have been synthesized. The clay contains pillars which are at least partially fluorided. These pillars are metal fluoro hydroxy cations where the metal can be Al, Zr, Si/Al, Ti or Cr. The clays which can be pillared with these pillars are the smectite clays which include hectorite and beidellite along with synthetically prepared smectite clays. These clays are prepared by pillaring the clay, followed by calcination and then treatment with a fluoride salt such as ammonium bifluoride. Finally, these fluorided pillared clays find applications in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emission control device containing a catalytic material capable of reducing pollutants in the combustion gases generated from an internal combustion engine, as well as from other combusted solid and liquid fossil fuels such as coal, and is also useful for treating combustion gases generated from the incineration of landfill garbage and tire rubber, among others. The catalytic material of the present invention is highly resistant to deactivation or poisoning from contaminants in the combusted material such as leaded gasoline. The catalytic material predominantly comprises a plagioclase feldspar belonging mainly to the albite-anorthite series and contains small amounts of mica, kaolinite and serpentine, and optionally contains magnetite. A catalytic alloy material is also disclosed, comprising a mixture of the above-described catalytic material and a metal. The alloy material likewise exhibits unique catalytic properties.

Abstract: Novel calcined zeolites of MFI type, based on silica and germanium oxide, are well adapted for the catalysis, e.g., of hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation and reforming reactions, and have the general formula:(Si.sub.96-x Ge.sub.x)O.sub.192wherein x ranges from 0.1 to about 36.

Abstract: A pillared clay possessing the ability to exchange cations is produced by a method which comprises heating a cation-exchange clay consisting of (1) silicate layers composed of octahedrons of alumina having part of the aluminum thereof substituted by magnesium or octahedrons of magnesia having part of the magnesium thereof substituted by lithium and tetrahedrons of silica and parallelly arranged in a state assuming negative electric charge and (2) exchangeable cations interposed between the silicate layers in a state retaining an electric charge balance with the negative electric charge of the silicate layers, thereby causing part of the exchangeable cations to be fixed in the silicate layers and inducing a decrease in the cation-exchange capacity of the clay, then cross-linking the interstices between the silicate layers of the clay, and thereafter causing liberation of the fixed cations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing an inorganic porous layered member which can maintain a sufficient distance between layers to show a high degree of heat insulating properties. In the manufacturing method for the inorganic porous layered member according to the present invention, an inorganic layered compound 12 having swelling charecteristics is swelled, and an inorganic pillar and an organic pillar are intercalated to form inorganic compound 16 between layers 14 of the inorganic layered compound 12. Fine gaps are thus formed in a wide range by the intercalation of the inorganic compound 16 between the layers 14 to maintain a sufficient distance between the layers 14, and the inorganic porous layered member 10 having high heat insulating properties is thus produced.

Abstract: Pillared clay based high activity olefin polymerization catalysts, methods of producing the catalysts and methods of using the catalysts in the polymerization of olefins are provided. The methods of producing the catalysts each basically comprise contacting a pillared clay with the soluble complex produced by heating a mixture of a metal dihalide with a transition metal compound to produce a solid, and then reacting the solid with an organoaluminum halide. The process produces catalyst components shaped like dipyramidal or generally "football"-shaped crystals.

Abstract: A method of making a pillared hydrotalcite and an associated products. The pillared hydrotalcite is made by calcining a hydrotalcite having the formula A.sub.w B.sub.x (OH).sub.y [C].sub.z .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, wherein A represents a divalent metal cation, B represents a trivalent metal cation, C represents a mono- to tetravalent anion and w, x, y, z and n satisfy the following:0<z.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.1/2y and 12.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.1/2(w-x).The method further comprises combining the calcined compound with a salt solution of an anion to make the pillared derivative of the compound and then separating the pillared derivative from the salt solution. A method of intercalating inorganic anions and resulting product is also disclosed.

Abstract: Microporous materials of low acidity useful as sorbents and catalytic supports have been produced by pillaring tetrasilicic mica with silica polyoxocations generated by hydrolysis of organosilane precursors. Calcination at an intermediate temperature followed by washing of the solid with water is important in producing highly microporous material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l

Abstract: Disclosed is a vanadium trap for use in FCC which comprises a major amount of calcined kaolin clay, free magnesium oxide and an in situ formed magnesium silicate cement binder. Also disclosed are procedures for the preparation of the trap by forming a slurry in water of hydrous kaolin clay, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and sodium silicate, aging the slurry to form magnesium silicate in situ, optionally adding additional kaolin, colloidal silica or both, spray drying, and calcining the resulting spray dried microspheres without forming appreciable amounts of crystalline magnesium silicates or crystalline magnesium aluminates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel beidellite clay, a process for preparing the clay and processes using the clay. The clay has the empirical formulaA.sub.x (Al.sub.4)(Si.sub.8-x Al.sub.x)(O.sub.20)(OH.sub.4-u F.sub.u)where A is a cation, x is the moles of A and varies from about 0.1 to about 2, and u varies from about 0.1 to about 3.5. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of aluminum and silicon, a cation salt, a fluoride source and water. The mixture is reacted at a pH of about 4 to about 9, a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 300.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to about 20 days. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: A novel method to prepare a solid acid catalyst through the reaction of a metal-alkyl halide species and the surface hydroxyl group of a solid support is disclosed. Lewis acidic metals, e.g., B, Al and Ga, etc., can then be anchored on the surface via the formation of an oxygen-metal bond. The solids containing these metals can be used as catalysts that will catalyze organic compound coversion reactions, e.g., Friedel-Crafts type reactions, olefin oligomerization, aromatic alkylation and acylation, alkane alkylation and isomerization reactions.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are provided for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock to catalytic cracking conversion products comprising the steps of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock at catalytic cracking conditions with a catalytic cracking catalyst. The catalytic cracking catalyst is prepared by modifying a base catalyst comprising a crystalline molecular sieve and a binder by combining the base catalyst with an ion exchange solution comprising at least one trivalent cation, a trivalent cation complexing agent, and a hydroxide-producing component, wherein the ion exchange solution has a pH ranging from about 4 to about 8, and producing an ion exchanged catalyst and excess ion exchange solution. The modified catalyst is then separated from said excess ion exchange solution.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon adsorbing body for use in the purification of exhaust gas comprises a monolith type carrier, a coating layer of Pd ion-exchanged H-type ZSM-5 zeolite powder, and a coating layer of zeolite powder other than the above zeolite.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emission control device containing a catalytic material capable of reducing pollutants in the combustion gases generated from an internal combustion engine, as well as from other combusted solid and liquid fossil fuels such as coal, and is also useful for treating combustion gases generated from the incineration of landfill garbage and tire rubber, among others. The catalytic material of the present invention is highly resistant to deactivation or poisoning from contaminants in the combusted material such as leaded gasoline. The catalytic material predominantly comprises a plagioclase feldspar belonging mainly to the albite-anorthite series and contains small amounts of mica, kaolinite and serpentine, and optionally contains magnetite.

Abstract: Attrition-resistant binders can be prepared by a process wherein a slurry of delaminated and calcined clay particles is brought to either a low pH level (e.g., 1.0 to 3.0) or to a high pH level (e.g., 14.0 to 10.0) and mixed with a phosphate-containing compound in a concentration of from about 2.0 to about 20.0 weight percent. Preferably, the resulting slurry is spray dried and the particulate products of the spray drying are then calcined to produce attrition-resistant binder particles.

Abstract: Layered adsorbent-substrate composites are prepared by methods comprising heating the surface of an aluminum substrate, contacting the surface of the substrate with a slurry containing the adsorbent and a binder, and heating the coatings to form hardened surfaces which can have excellent adsorption and mechanical properties and have a variety of uses such as adsorbents in automobile mufflers and a desiccants in multiple pane windows.

Abstract: Layered adsorbent-substrate tubes are prepared by a method comprising heating the surface of an aluminum substrate, contacting the surface of the substrate with a slurry containing the adsorbent and a binder, and heating the coatings to form hardened surfaces which can have excellent adsorption and mechanical properties in devices for cooling or heating by adsorption of refrigerating fluid on a solid adsorbent.

Abstract: There is provided a vacancy titanate intercalated with a cationic hydroxy aluminum complex, such as a Keggin ion. A method for making this material and a process for using this material as a catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: A composition useful for catalyzing alkylation and transalkylation reactions comprises a molecular sieve having alkylation and/or transalkylation activity, an inorganic refractory oxide component and greater than 3.5 weight percent water. Such a catalyst has been found to maintain a long life when used to produce ethylbenzene in an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with ethylene and transalkylated with diethylbenzene. The catalyst can also be used to produce cumene via an integrated process in which benzene is alkylated with propylene and transalkylated with diisopropylbenzene.

Abstract: An adsorbent comprising a sepiolite and a zeolite, especially silicalite and a zeolite-containing adsorptive decomposition composition comprising the adsorbent and a catalyst component supported thereon are disclosed.A method of deodorizing which comprising using a composition comprising a sepiolite and a zeolite as an adsorbent and a method of purifying a gas containing unpleasant odors or noxious components, which comprises adsorbing such odors or noxious components in the gas on an adsorptive decomposition composition comprising the adsorbent and a catalyst component supported thereon and periodically or non-periodically heating said composition to desorb and decompose the adsorbates therefrom are also disclosed.Adsorptive compositions and adsorptive decomposition compositions have a large adsorption and desorption rate, get little degradation in their performances at repeated use, and exhibit excellent water resistance, namely, a large adsorption and decomposition capacity even when they are wet.

Abstract: Olefin is etherified with alcohol to provide an ether or mixture of ethers employing a catalyst comprising MCM-36.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting light olefin to alcohol(s), ether(s) or mixtures of alcohol(s) and ether(s) which comprises contacting a feed containing at least one light olefin with water in the vapor and/or liquid phase under olefin hydration conditions in the presence of MCM-36 as olefin hydration catalyst to produce said alcohol(s) and/or ether(s).

Abstract: An interlayer cross-linked smectite is produced by a method which includes the steps of preparing a smectite suspension containing a dissolved water-soluble macromolecular compound, adding a cationic hydroxide oligomer to the suspension thereby subjecting the exchangeable cation in the smectite to ion exchange, allowing the resultant smectite suspension to stand at a fixed temperature for a fixed time thereby allowing the cationic hydroxide oligomer of the smectite to age, separating a solid smectite from the resultant suspension, and heating the separated solid smectite. The interlayer interval of the produced smectite can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the cationic hydroxide oligomer.

Abstract: A catalyst of a phosphoric acid treated carrier formed from clay minerals and silica gel for the hydration of a C.sub.2-3 olefin to an alcohol is prepared by acid treating an essentially montmorillonite-containing clay contaminated with not more than 3% of extraneous materials until an acid treated clay is obtained having a 10-20% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content and a specific surface area of 200 to 400 m.sup.2 /g, adding from 20 to 40 parts by weight of finely particulate silica gel having a particle size distribution of between 30 and 60.times.10.sup.-6 m, a pore volume of 0.9 to 1.7 ml/g and a specific surface are of 200 to 500 m.sup.2 /g and from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, each based on total dry substance, to said acid treated clay, shaping the acid treated material to a total water content of 40 to 60% by compression, calcining the shaped material at 500.degree. to 900.degree. C., in a second stage, acid treating the calcined material with acid until it has an Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Novel aluminum bridged clays having an interfoliate spacing of at least 1 nm, well adapted as catalysts/catalyst supports, are prepared by (a) controlledly introducing an aqueous solution of a hydroxide base into an aqueous reaction medium containing suspended clay particulates and a dissolved aluminum salt, at a rate and for such period of time that the ratio of the concentration [C] of the base, in moles of OH.sup.- and expressed in moles/liter, to the duration (h) of introducing such OH.sup.- values, expressed in hours, is at least 0.1, and (b) recovering the reaction product bridged clay thus produced (and optionally drying/lyophilizing and/or calcining same).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for pillaring layered materials which do not swell appreciably in water. The process comprises first intercalating an amine or other neutral molecule such as an amide or dimethyl sulfoxide between the layers of the material to be pillared. This allows the subsequent incorporation of inorganic pillars which are more temperature stable than the intercalated amine. Also, disclosed are different pillared products produced by the process. The starting materials do not appreciably swell in water and the pillared composition final product is produced by swelling with an inorganic intercalate and then displacing the inorganic intercalate with an inorganic pillaring substance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel beidellite layered clay, a process for preparing the clay and a process using the clay. The clay is characterized in that it is substantially free of sodium cations, is composed of crystals whose average crystallites size is about 50-150 Angstroms, has a surface area of at least 80 m.sup.2 /g and has its 060 X-ray diffraction peak at a d-spacing of 1.50 Angstroms. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of aluminum and silicon, a templating agent and water. Examples of templating agents are quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Reactive source of aluminum and silicon include boehmite alumina and colloidal silica. The mixture is reacted at a pH of about 8.5 to about 14, a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 210.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to about 20 days. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel dioctahedral smectite layered clay, a process for preparing the clay and a process using the clay. The clay is characterized in that the aluminum can be substituted by gallium and the silicon can be substituted by germanium. Therefore, some of the possible clays that can be prepared are gallium/silicon, gallium/germanium, or aluminum/germanium smectite clays. The clay is prepared from a reaction mixture containing reactive sources of the metals, i.e., aluminum, silicon, gallium and germanium, a templating agent and water. This reaction mixture is reacted at a pH of about 8.5 to about 14, a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 210.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to about 20 days to give a desired composition. The clay compositions of the instant invention can be used to catalyze various hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation and hydrocracking.

Abstract: Paraffin alkylation using solid, particulate catalyst is carried out by preparing an alkane-catalyst mixture in a wash zone, passing the alkane-catalyst mixture to a plug flow reactor where a minor amount of olefin is introduced to contact the alkane-catalyst mixture and react to form alkylate and the alkane-catalyst-alkylate mixture is passed through the reactor with a minimum of back mixing to restrict the reaction of alkylate with olefin, thus substantially preventing polymerization. The alkane-catalyst-alkylate mixture, substantially free of olefin is passed to a disengaging zone where the liquid is removed and the solid particulate catalyst is recovered and returned to the wash zone for recycle. The alkane is present in the reactor in sufficient molar excess to react substantially all of the olefin. Any unreacted isoalkane is recycled to the reactor with make-up isoalkane added to maintain the molar excess.

Abstract: Attrition-resistant binders can be prepared by a process wherein a slurry of clay particles is brought to either a low pH level (e.g., 1.0 to 3.0) or to a high pH level (e.g., 14.0 to 10.0) and mixed with a phosphate-containing compound in a concentration of from about 2.0 to about 20.0 weight percent. Preferably, the resulting slurry is spray dried and the particulate products of the spray drying are then calcined to produce attrition-resistant binder particles.

Abstract: An alumina sorbent capable of adsorbing NOx and SOx from waste gases and being regenerated by heating above 600.degree. C. is made by incorporating an alumina stabilizing agent into the sorbent. A preferred method is to add the stabilizer when the alumina is precipitated. The precipitated powder is formed subsequently into a slurry, milled and dripped to form the stabilizing spheroidal alumina particles. These particles are impregnated with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to form the stabilized sorbent. Alumina stabilizers include one or more of silica, lanthana, other rare earths, titania, zirconia and alkaline earths.

Abstract: To obtain an improved catalyst for fluid cracking purposes, kaolin or metakaolin is reacted with an acid of the group of phosphoric, sulphuric and acetic acids by mixing and heating to 25.degree.-110.degree. C., after which the slurry is washed. The thus obtained kaolin is then mixed with a crystalline aluminosilicate and, optionally, with a clay (e.g. kaolin), an active matrix and, as balance, a synthetic matrix, such as silican, silica-alumina or aluminan. The improved catalyst gives a better performance in terms of conversion and gasoline-yield.

Abstract: There is provided a vacancy titanate intercalated with a cationic hydroxy aluminum complex, such as Keggin ion. A method for making this material and a process for using this material as a catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Mangesium/aluminum synthetic anionic clay catalysts are made by spray-drying a slurry of a Mg/Al synthetic clay, making a plasticized mixture of the spray-dried clay with diatomaceous earth, forming, drying and calcining the formed dried mixture. The catalyst is useful for making isophorone by the condensation of acetone.

Abstract: A process for producing zeolites in a matrix material is described which comprises precipitating an oxide of silicon in the matrix to increase the silica of the matrix which is available for crystallization to a zeolite.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal alumino-silicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere x is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is the alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS compositions and is an integer greater than 2.0, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.2 extenders, as silica extenders or as reinforcing agents for paper, paint, rubber, plastics and specialty products.

Abstract: A monolithic ceramic structure, useful as a support for catalytic material or as a fluid filter, has a high surface area phase which consists essentially of a porous metal oxide material, at least 50% by weight of which is alumina, titania, and/or zirconia, and phosphate dispersed substantially throughout the porous metal oxide material. The presence of the phosphate stabilizes the porous metal oxide material against thermal degradation during sintering or exposure to elevated temperatures encountered in catalytic service and thereby aids in the retention of higher overall surface area in the monolithic structure.

Abstract: Layered adsorbent-substrate composites are prepared by methods comprising heating the surface of an aluminum substrate, contacting the surface of the substrate with a slurry containing the adsorbent and a binder, and heating the coatings to form hardened surfaces which can have excellent adsorption and mechanical properties and have a variety of uses such as adsorbents in automobile mufflers and as desiccants in multiple pane windows.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a process for increasing the framework aluminum content of a framework aluminum deficient zeolite containing non-framework aluminum by contacting said zeolite with an aqueous basic solution at a temperature greater than about 25.degree. C. Preferably the aqueous solution comprises ammonium and/or alkali metal hydroxides dissolved in water and the contact temperature ranges between about 60.degree. C. and about 90.degree. C. The instant invention also relates to the zeolites thus prepared by the instant process.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The spent catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%, both percentage ranges being determined according to the dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to saponite-derivatives according to the general formulaA.sub.x/n.sup.n+ [(Mg.sub.3-y M.sub.y) (Si.sub.4-x Al.sub.x)0.sub.10 (OH.sub.2-z)F.sub.z ]wherein A represents an (alkyl-substituted) ammonium ion and/or any metal having basic or amphoteric properties, M represents a bivalent metal ion having an ionic radius between 0.050 and 0.085 nm, n represents the valence of A, x represents a number between 0.05 and 1.5, y represents a number between 0.05 and 2.95 and z represent a number from 0 to 1.8. The invention also relates to methods for preparing such saponite-derivatives, catalytically active system based on such saponite-derivatives and their use in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A pillared clay possessing a desired amount of pillers is produced by heating clay thereby changing the cation-exchange capacity owned by the clay and then adding a cation oligomer as a pillar precursor to the clay thereby causing the oligomer to exchange ion with the cation of the clay.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal alumino-silicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere x is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is the alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS compositions and is an integer greater than 2.0, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.2 extenders, as silica extenders or as reinforcing agents for paper, paint, rubber, plastics and specialty products.

Abstract: A method of making a pillared hydrotalcite and an associated products. The pillared hydrotalcite is made by calcining a hydrotalcite having the formula A.sub.w B.sub.x (OH).sub.y [C].sub.z .multidot.nH.sub.2 O, wherein A represents a divalent metal cation, B represents a trivalent metal cation, C represents a mono- to tetravalent anion and w, x, y, z and n satisfy the following:0<z.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.1/2y and 12.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.1/2(w-x)The method further comprises combining the calcined compound with a salt solution of an anion to make the pillared derivative of the compound and then separating the pillared derivative from the salt solution. A method of intercalating inorganic anions and resulting product is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method for pillaring a layered silicate, such as kenyaite, with polymeric oxide by using a single step treatment with a mixture of swelling agent and pillar precursor. The swelling agent may be an organic cation, such as a cetyltrimethylammonium cation, and the pillar precursor may be a compound which is capable of hydrolyzing to form a polymeric oxide. Tetraethylorthosilicate is an example of such a pillar precursor.