Abstract: Hydrothermally stable intercalated clays having interlayer (gallery) spacings of about 16 to 18 angstroms or more are provided by pillars comprising aluminum and cerium. Other pillaring metal/rare earth combinations and differing preparation conditions, such as pH, result in different interlayer spacings. Interlayer spacings of 16 to 40 or 18 to 50 angstroms may be produced.

Abstract: Alkyl aromatic compounds may be prepared by reacting an aromatic compound such as benzene with an alkylating agent such as an olefin or alkyl halide in the presence of an alkylation catalyst. The alkylation catalyst of the present invention comprises a clay which has been coextruded with a multi-valent metal and preferably a metal selected from the group consisting of Groups IIIA, IIIB and IVB of the Periodic Table. The resultant extrudate is then impregnated with a dissimilar multi-valent metal selected from the above named groups followed by calcination to form the desired composite. By utiilzing this catalytic composite in an alkylation reaction it is possible to obtain improved yields of alkyl aromatic compounds which may then be used in the preparation of biodegradable detergents.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%,both percentage ranges being determiend according to the dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: A midbarrel hydrocracking catalyst for use in producing middle distillate products from hydrocarbon feedstocks via hydrocracking comprises at least one hydrogenation component, preferably one containing a metal selected from Group VIB and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, a layered magnesium silicate such as sepiolite, an intercalated clay such as pillared clay, and, optionally, a crystalline molecular sieve, preferably a zeolitic molecular sieve such as the modified Y zeolite known as LZ-10 zeolite.

Abstract: Molded articles based on pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide and having the following physical-chemical characteristic data:______________________________________ External diameter 2 to 15 mm BET surface area 50 to 400 m.sup.2 /g Total Pore volume 0.6 to 1.3 ml/g Crushing strength 40 to 120 N Pore size distribution no pores <5 nm in diameter, at least 80% in the range 5 to 40 nm in diameter Composition >95% by weight of SiO.sub.2 remainder Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. ______________________________________These products are produced by compacting pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide with kaolin and/or graphite, sugar, starch, urea or wax with addition of water, drying the mixture at a temperature of from 80.degree. to 120.degree. C. and comminuting it to form a powder, pressing the powder to form the desired article, and tempering the articles at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 1200.degree. C. for a period of 0.5 to 6 hours. The molded bodies can be used as a catalyst support or catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for pillaring layered materials which do not swell appreciably in water. The process comprises first intercalating an amine or other neutral molecule such as an amide or dimethyl sulfoxide between the layers of the material to be pillared. This allows the subsequent incorporation of inorganic pillars which are more temperature stable than the intercalated amine.

Abstract: An amorphous substance obtained by mixing volcanic ash with or without added clay and water and, if necessary, a surfactant, kneading the mixture, and shaping and firing. Additives such as camphor or naphthalene may be included prior to firing for plasticity and to form pores. The resultant mixture possesses an ability to adsorb phosphorus selectively. When this substance is placed in contact with a phosphorus-containing liquid, it removes phosphorus from the liquid.

Abstract: The invention concerns pressed pellets based on pyrogenically produced titanium dioxide having the following properties:______________________________________ outside diameter 2 to 15 mm area according to BET surface 35 to 65 m.sup.2 /g DIN 66 131 Total pore volume 0.3 to 0.8 m.sup.3 /g crushing strength 40 to 300 N pore size distribution no pores <10 nm in diameter, at least 80% of the pores in the range of 10 to 70 nm diameter composition at least 94% by weight of TiO.sub.2 (predominantly, i.e. >50% by weight of anatase) remainder SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. ______________________________________They are made by mixing pyrogenically produced titanium with a foaming agent such as urea and with water, where called binder such as kaolin and also with a binder such as kaolin and also with a pelletizing accessory such as wax and by compacting the material which then is dried at a temperature of 80.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkyl aromatic compounds may be prepared by reacting an aromatic compound with an alkylating agent such as an olefin in the presence of an alkylation catalyst. The alkylation catalyst of the present invention comprises a composite which has been prepared by coextruding a clay component and at least one multi-valent metal component in which the metal is selected from the group consisting of Groups IIIA, IIIB and IVB of the Periodic Table, followed by drying the resultant extrudate and calcination thereof. By utilizing a catalyst which has been prepared by this method in an alkylation reaction it is possible to obtain an improved alkylate selectivity.

Abstract: A molded; i.e. pressed, article based on a pyrogenically produced system of mixed oxides of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide and having the following physical-chemical features:______________________________________ pellet diameters 2 to 15 mm BET surface area according to 90 to 200 m.sup.2 /g DIN 66131 pore volume 0.6 to 1.3 ml/g pore size distribution no pores with <5 nm diameters, at least 75% of the pores in the range of 5 to 40 nm crushing strength 30 to 120 N composition >75% by weight of SiO.sub.2, remainder Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ______________________________________These molded articles are manufactured by homogenizing a pyrogenically produced system of mixed oxides of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide with graphite and/or kaolin, urea, sugar, starch, glaze frit powder and/or microcrystalline wax while water is being added, by drying the mixture at a temperature between 80.degree. and 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Dried compositions of inorganic metal oxide and clay particles wherein the oxide particles are substantially segregated from each other by the clay particles are described. The compositions have a high surface area and are useful for catalytic gaseous reactions and removal of impurities from gas.

Abstract: Pillared layered silicate compositions containing pillars of silica and metal oxides, e.g., alumina are prepared by contacting organic-swelled layered silicates, e.g. kenyaite-type materials, with a hydrolyzable silica precursor, e.g., tetraethylorthosilicate which forms silanol groups between the layers and contacting the resulting product with an aqueous solution containing inorganic metal salt and effecting hydrolysis of the silanol groups.

Abstract: Catalyst bed supports having improved performance characteristics are prepared from a mixture of a clay and a feldspathic sand.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite adsorbent consisting of a molded body of homogeneous mixture comprising powdery active carbon and hydrous alumina of the pseudoboehmite type. This composite adsorbent has high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. This composite adsorbent is excellent in the capacity of adsorbing organic components such as gasoline, and the desorption of the adsorbed components can be easily accomplished at a high desorption ratio. These excellent capacities are retained even if the adsorption-desorption cycle is repeated. Accordingly, this composite adsorbent is especially valuable as the adsorbent for an automobile canister.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone.Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal aluminosilicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin clay and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere X is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is an alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS composition, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The composition essentially comprises altered kaolin clay platelets with an integral rim or protuberances of essentially amorphous alkali metal silicate-kaolin reaction product. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.

Abstract: Large-pore intercalated clays, for example, smectites, with pillars of aluminum-rare earth element-oxygen oligomers, having unprecedented hydrothermal stability. Product distributions demonstrate desirable synergistic effects (less gas, more gasoline, higher activity) using a mixture of intercalated clay and zeolite.

Abstract: A composition comprises a physical mixture of (i) an oxide of molybdenum and/or tungsten supported by a silica-containing material and (ii) a pillared interlayered clay. This composition is used as catalyst in the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monolefins to c.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts which contain a basic alkaline earth metal component in amounts greater than 5 percent by weight (expressed as the oxides) are used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks that contain substantial quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. In a particularly preferred embodiment natural or synthetic particulate magnesium oxide (MgO) containing composites such as dolomite or a formed particulate coprecipitated magnesia-silica cogel (MgO.SiO.sub.2) having a substantial intra-particle pore volume in pores ranging from about 200-10,000 .ANG. in diameter and an average pore diameter greater than about 400 .ANG. in the 200-10,000 .ANG. diameter range is mixed with a zeolite containing fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) either as an integral component of the catalyst particle or as a separate additive.

Abstract: Mixed pillared clays having good thermal stabilities and high surface areas made by liquid phase methods in which an aluminum hydroxy polymer and at least one separate transition metal hydroxy polymer are prepared and mixed with a swelling clay in respective amounts to satisfy selected percentages of the cationic exchange capacity of the clay, are reduced to produce metallic transition metal domains.

Abstract: Cracking catalysts and their use in cracking processes are disclosed. The cracking catalyst are prepared using mixtures of catalytic cracking catalysts and selected silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871.

Abstract: A process for the production of an alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinel/clay composition comprises: (a) combining (1) an acidic, aluminum-containing composition in which the aluminum is present in a positively charged species, and (2) a basic, alkaline earth metal-containing composition to form a gel mixture; (b) mixing the gel with kaolin clay to form a co-gel; and (c) calcining the co-gel mixture to form the alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinel composition in a clay matrix. Alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinel/clays having both high surface areas and very high attrition resistance, and processes for using spinel/clay compositions, e.g., as sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide removal agent, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal aluminosilicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin clay and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere x is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is an alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS composition, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The composition essentially comprises altered kaolin clay platelets with an integral rim or protuberance of essentially amorphous alkali metal silicate-kaolin reaction product. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.

Abstract: A highly selective hydrocracking process providing increased yields of middle distillates is disclosed. The process employs a catalyst comprising a Y-type hydrogen form zeolite having a unit cell size between about 24.20 Angstroms and 24.40 Angstroms, a metal hydrogenation component and refractory oxide support materials. The catalyst is characterized by low ammonia temperature programmed desorption (TPD) acidity strength values. This may be achieved by dehydroxylation caused by a dry calcination.

Abstract: A mixed catalyst system is disclosed which comprises particles of a first, component which requires frequent regeneration in a catalyst regeneration zone and particles of a second catalyst component which is less coke deactivated than the first catalyst component and requires less frequent regeneration than the latter, there being a sufficient difference between one or more of the characterizing physical properties of each catalyst component that the rate of circulation of particles of second catalyst component through the regeneration zone is, on the average, less than that of particles of first catalyst component.

Abstract: Hydrocracking processes are disclosed using catalysts comprising silicoaluminophosphates of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871 characterized in the calcined form by an adsorption of oxygen of at least 4 percent by weight at a partial pressure of 100 torr and a temperature of -186.degree. C.

Abstract: Mixed pillared clays having good thermal stabilities and high surface areas are prepared by liquid phase methods in which either (a) a discrete multi-metallic hydroxy polymer having a definite chemical formula is prepared prior to mixing with a swelling clay or (b) at least two separate metal hydroxy polymers are prepared and mixed with the swelling clay in respective amounts to satisfy selected percentages of the cationic exchange capacity of the clay.

Abstract: A finely porous article is produced by a method which comprises preparing a colloidal liquid phase containing silica particles by the addition of an ion-exchange resin to an aqueous sodium silicate solution or a liquid phase by the addition of an ion-exchange resin to an aqueous silica colloid solution and the subsequent treatment of the resultant composite for removal of salt or acid therefrom, mixing the former colloidal liquid phase or the latter liquid phase with a smectite type mineral, and drying the resultant mixture.

Abstract: Large-pore intercalated clays, for example, smectites, with pillars of aluminum-rare earth element-oxygen oligomers, having unprecedented hydrothermal stability. Product distributions demonstrate desirable synergistic effects (less gas, more gasoline, higher activity) using a mixture of intercalated clay and zeolite.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst for hydration of olefins to alcohols. A montmorillonite-containing clay is employed as a catalyst support for phosphoric acid, to which a fine-grained silica gel is added after a first acid treatment. The silica gel has a particle size distribution between 30 and 60 micron, a pore volume of 0.9-1.7 ml/g, and a specific surface of 200-500 sq m/g.

Abstract: The process for conversion of crude oil feeds in the presence of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871 and/or an aluminophosphate molecular sieve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,440.

Abstract: A method for chlorinating a clay mineral starting composition to produce reactive chloride intermediates, comprising: reacting said composition in substantially dry particulate form with gaseous SiCl.sub.4 to activate the surface of said composition, thereby forming said reactive chloride intermediate, said reaction being conducted at temperatures below that at which volatilization or dehydration of the starting composition will occur. The resulting compounds are highly reactive intermediates, which can then be functionalized by reaction with a large group of organics, or organic derivatives.

Abstract: A crystallization process employing microwave energy is described. The process is especially useful in the manufacture of porous crystalline materials.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising:(a) a carrier containing at least 20% by weight of a fluorinated bridged clay of the smectite group,(b) an amorphous matrix containing at least 10% by weight of alumina, and(c) at least one group VIII metal or metal compound or an association of at least one group VI B metal or metal compound with at least one metal or compound of a metal selected from group VIII non-noble metal. The metals amount, calculated as oxide(s), in proportion to the final catalyst weight, is from 0.01 to 5% for the group VIII noble metals, from 0.01 to 20% for group VIII non-noble metals and from 5 to 40% for the association of group VI B metals with group VII non-noble metals.The carrier amount is such that the florinated bridged clay content of the final catalyst is at least 12% by weight; the matrix amount forms the complement to 100% by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions having a high degree of activity and selectivity for the production of high octane gasoline fractions which comprise stabilized crystalline molecular sieve SAPO-37 dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix. The crystalline structure and activity of the SAPO-37 molecular sieve component is preserved by including a stabilizing amount of the organic template compound used in the manufacture of the molecular sieve within the pore structure thereof until such time as the catalyst is thermally activated during use.

Abstract: Delaminated clays whose X-ray diffraction patterns do not contain a distinct first order reflection are prepared from synthetic and natural swelling clays whose particles have a length-to-width rati greater than about 2.0, a length-to-thickness ratio greater than about 5.0 and are comprised of randomly oriented platelets by reacting the clay with a pillaring agent selected from the group consisting of polyoxymetal cations, mixtures of polyoxymetal cations, colloidal particles comprising alumina, silica, titania, chromia, tin oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, and cationic metal clusters comprising nickel, molybdenum, cobalt or tungsten and the subjecting the resulting reaction products to drying in a gaseous medium, preferably spray drying. The resulting acidic delaminated clays, which contain the microporosity associated with zeolites and pillared clays the the macroporosity associated with amorphous aluminosilicates, may be used as the active component of cracking and hydroprocessing catalysts.

Abstract: A class of pillared interlayered clay molecular sieves with large pore size were prepared by cross-linking the regularly interstratified mineral clay. Wherein the cross-linked rectorites possess an extraordinary thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. Said class of pillared interlayered clay molecular sieves are potential commercial catalysts for carbonium-ion type reactions, adsorbents and catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A microporous separating material is produced by a method which comprises preparing a mixture of (1) macromolecular quaternary ammonium salt having a quaternary amine linked to a water-soluble macromolecular compound and possessing basicity, (2) a polymer of a polyoxyethylene alkylvinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer possessing basicity, or (3) a polymer of a halogenide of a quaternary amine, i.e. a basic macromolecular compound, and at least one water-soluble macromolecular substance selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, and polyacrylamide with a smectite type mineral, mixing the aforementioned mixture with an inorganic substance in a water-soluble state, drying the resulting mixture, and firing the dried mixture.

Abstract: There are prepared zeolite molded articles which also contain alkali silicate and/or alkaline earth silicate and mineral fibers and/or carbon fibers in addition to the zeolite.

Abstract: Pillared interlayered clay products of increased stability and processes for preparing such clay products are provided. The pillared interlayered clays are prepared by reacting a smectite clay, such as montmorillonite, with an aqueous solution of a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex, such as aluminum chlorhydroxide and reacting the resulting product with a stability increasing compound selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium, phosphorus and antimony halides and ethyl silicates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intercalated crystalline zirconium phosphate-types compositions wherein the interlayers of said composition have been intercalated with three-dimensional silicon oxide pillars whereby the pillars comprise at least two silicon atom layers parallel to the clay interlayers.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions having a high degree of activity and selectivity for the production of high octane gasoline fractions which comprise stabilized crystalline molecular sieve SAPO-37 dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix. The crystalline structure and activity of the SAPO-37 molecular sieve component is preserved by including a stabilizing amount of the organic template compound used in the manufacture of the molecular sieve within the pore structure thereof until such time as the catalyst is thermally activated during use.

Abstract: Cracking catalysts containing silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves are disclosed. Such catalysts are derived from specific silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871. The catalyst when used for the conversion of hydrocarbons provide product mixtures different from those obtained by use of aluminosilicates based catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst composition comprising a synthetic boron-containing crystalline material having the structure of zeolite ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, Beta or Nu-1.

Abstract: Delaminated trioctahedral smectite clay compositions are provided having a substantially delaminated interlayer structure with a face-to-edge and edge-to-edge association of the clay layers and an inorganic metal oxide intercalated between the clay layers. A process for preparing delaminated smectite clay compositions comprises reacting an admixture of a trioctahedral smectite clay having an average particle size up to about 500 angstroms and a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex in an aqueous medium and recovering the reacted clay solids.

Abstract: Finely porous clay having crystal layers separated by intervals of at least 20 .ANG. and having a smectite type mineral as a main component thereof. This finely porous clay is manufactured by mixing the smectite type mineral with water, a water-soluble polymer, and an inorganic substance and drying or heating the resultant mixture.

Abstract: Imogolite-2:1 layered silicate clay complex comprising imogolite tubes intercalated between the layers of the host clay.

Abstract: A process for preparing light monoolefins, particularly ethylene and propylene, from a feed stream comprising a reactant consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof in the presence of a boron-treated aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrotreating of heavy hydrocarbon oils, which catalyst comprises a dual structure including a porous core (1), made chiefly of alumina, which has micropores having an average size smaller than 170 angstrom and to which at least one active metal is applied, and a surface layer (2) comprised mainly of at least one clay mineral selected from the group consisting of sepiolite, halloysite, attapulgite, palygorskite, and asbestos. The active metal may be applied to the surface layer (2) as desired.