Abstract: This invention provides methods for attaching a nucleic acid to a solid surface and for sequencing nucleic acid by detecting the identity of each nucleotide analogue after the nucleotide analogue is incorporated into a growing strand of DNA in a polymerase reaction. The invention also provides nucleotide analogues which comprise unique labels attached to the nucleotide analogue through a cleavable linker, and a cleavable chemical group to cap the —OH group at the 3?-position of the deoxyribose.

Abstract: Described is a compound of the formula (I) wherein the bond between carbon atoms 22 and 23 is a single or double bond; m is 0 or 1; R1, is C1-C12alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl or C2-C12alkenyl; and either (A) R2 is —N(R3)R4, and (1) X is 0, wherein R3 is, for instance, hydrogen, unsubstituted or mono- to pentasubstituted C1-C12alkyl, and R4 is, for instance, mono- to pentasubstituted C1-C12alkyl, unsubstituted or mono- to pentasubstituted C3-C12cycloalkyl; or (2) X is S, wherein R3 is, for instance, hydrogen, unsubstituted or mono- to pentasubstituted C1-C12alkyl, and R4 is, for instance, hydrogen, unsubstituted or mono- to pentasubstituted C1-C12alkyl; or (3) X is 0 or S, wherein R3 and R4 together are, for instance, a three- to seven membered alkylene or a four- to seven-membered alkenylene bridge; or (B) R2 is OR5, X is 0 or S, wherein R5 is, for instance, C1-C12alkyl, mono- to pentasubstituted C1-C12alkyl; or, if appropriate, an E/Z isomer, E/Z isomer mixture and/or tautomer thereof, in each case in free form or

Abstract: Material characterized by that the material contains at least one biologically active di- or trisaccharide or higher oligosaccharide which is covalently bound via a spacer to cross-linked agarose.

Abstract: The invention provides a tobramycin formulation for delivery by aerosolization in the form of additive-free, isotonic solution whose pH has been optimised to ensure adequate shelf-life at room temperature. Said formulation can be advantageously used for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute and chronic endobronchial infections, in particular those caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated to lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: The invention provides novel dye-labeled ribonucleotide analogs and methods for synthesizing those analogs. The compounds of the invention are especially useful for DNA sequencing by the polymerase chain reaction.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharides comprising an aminooxy group. The invention further provides oligosaccharides comprising an aminooxy group, methods for coupling oligosaccharides comprising an aminooxy group to glycoproteins, and oligosaccharide-protein conjugates. Also provided are methods of treating a lysosomal storage disorder in a mammal by administration of an oligosaccharide-protein conjugate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medicament comprising at least one reducing alkyl-sugar monomer having a hydroxyl function which is substituted by an alkoxy radical at C2-C40, said medicament being preferably intended to regulate inflammatory mechanisms. The reducing sugar is preferably selected from the group containing rhamnose, fucose and glucose. The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment method involving the topical application of a composition comprising at least one reducing alkyl-sugar monomer having a hydroxyl function which is substituted by an alkoxy radical at C2-C40.

Abstract: Novel thiophene glycoside derivatives of the formula I in which the radicals have the stated meanings, and the physiologically tolerated salts thereof and processes for their preparation are disclosed. The compounds are suitable, for example, as antidiabetics.

Abstract: An organized mobile multicomponent conjugate (OMMC) and method of using to enhance binding of weakly binding compounds to a target. A lamellar structure containing at least two binding compounds is assembled under conditions in which the binding compounds self-regulate in or on the lamellar structure, forming a cooperative ensemble that is capable of binding with enhanced affinity to a complementary affinity site on a target. Each binding compound is bound to the lamellar surface, and may be connected by a linker. The OMMC may contain an effector molecule, such as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent, for administration to a patent who is then diagnosed or treated using the effector molecule.

Abstract: An organized mobile multicomponent conjugate (OMMC) and method of using to enhance binding of weakly binding compounds to a target. A lamellar structure containing at least two binding compounds is assembled under conditions in which the binding compounds self-regulate in or on the lamellar structure, forming a cooperative ensemble that is capable of binding with enhanced affinity to a complementary affinity site on a target. Each binding compound is bound to the lamellar surface, and may be connected by a linker. The OMMC may contain an effector molecule, such as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent, for administration to a patent who is then diagnosed or treated using the effector molecule.

Abstract: A class of 2?-fluoro-nucleoside compounds are disclosed which are useful in the treatment of hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, HIV and abnormal cellular proliferation, including tumors and cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-wrinkle agent for ameliorating a wrinkle (particularly a fine wrinkle) developed when the barrier function is decreased by dryness and the like. Also disclosed is an ADAM inhibitor. The anti-wrinkle agent or the ADAM inhibitor comprises an alkyl glucoside represented by the general formula: (1) [wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms] or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates generally to compounds and methods useful in treating or preventing atrial fibrillation (AF).

Abstract: The present invention provides nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein X1 represents N or CR1; X2 represents N or CR2; X3 represents N or CR3; X4 represents N or CR4; and with the proviso that one or two of X1 to X4 represent N; R represents optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, etc.; R1 to R4 represent H, a halogen atom, etc.) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or prodrugs thereof, which exert an excellent inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity or the like, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and medicinal uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and useful galactose derivative constituting a drug carrier by which a medicine can be efficiently transferred into the liver, a drug carrier comprising the derivative, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier and a medicine. The present invention also relates to a galactose derivative made up of galactose, a suitable spacer and a certain lipid, a drug carrier comprising the derivative and a cationic lipid, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier and a medicine (preferably a double-stranded RNA, a double-stranded DNA, or an oligo nucleic acid).

Abstract: A composition, method of preparation1 and use to enhance the cosmetic feel of oil-in-water emulsions based upon the addition to the oil in water emulsion of one or more alkylpolyxylosides represented by formula: R—O—(X)p, wherein p is a decimal number between 1 and 5, wherein X is a xylose residue, and wherein R is a branched alkyl radical represented by the formula: CH(CnH2n+1)(CmH2m+1)—CH2— wherein m is an integer between 6 and 12, n is an integer between 8 and 16, and the sum of m+n is in the range of from about 14 to 26.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adjuvants of the glycolipid type and their uses in pharmaceutical compositions, like in vaccines. In particular, the present invention provides new uses of compounds useful as adjuvants for prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccination in the treatment of infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumours and allergies. The compounds are particularly useful not only as systemic, but preferably as mucosal adjuvants.

Abstract: The invention concerns an in vitro method for diagnosing Crohn's disease, or for determining predisposition in a person to develop Crohn's disease, by detecting an overexpression of the CD66c receptor in subjects suffering from said disease or at risk. The invention also concerns preventive or curative treatment of Crohn's disease.

Abstract: Novel phosphotetrahydropyran compounds that mimic mannose-6-phosphate but that are more resistant to phosphatases and mannosidases, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are disclosed. These compounds and compositions inhibit T lymphocyte migration from blood to tissues or to other extravascular sites. By inhibiting such migration, these compounds are useful for treating diseases or disorders that are mediated at least in part by such T lymphocyte migration. Such diseases and disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, T cell-mediated dermatitis, stromal keratitis, uveitis, thyroiditis, sialitis and type I diabetes.

Abstract: A saccharide residue-functional organopolycarbosiloxane containing at least two monosaccharide or polysaccharide groups per molecule in which a specific site on the monosaccharide or polysaccharide is bonded to silicon through a thioether bond. Also, a method of preparing the saccharide residue-functional organopolycarbosiloxane, comprising condensing a saccharide residue-functional metal thiolate compound wherein the metal is an alkali metal atom or alkaline-earth metal atom, and an organopolycarbosiloxane containing groups having the formula —R2Q wherein R2 is C2 to C10 alkylene, and Q is a group selected from halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkylsulfonate groups, and C6 to C20 arylsulfonate groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to nettle extracts that are useful for treating or preventing seasonal allergies, allergic rhinitis, and other inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 2-O-glyceryl-?-D-glucopyranoside (?GG; FIG. 1) from a glucosyl donor and a glucosyl acceptor comprising the steps:—providing a sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7), incubating said sucrose phosphorylase with a mixture comprising a glucosyl donor and glycerol as glucosyl acceptor and isolating and/or purifying 2-O-glyceryl-?-D-glucopyranoside.

Abstract: A novel group of aminoglycosides which share some structural features of currently available aminoglycosides with regard to the backbone, while also having significant structural differences, is disclosed. The similarity enables these aminoglycosides to be highly potent and effective antibiotics, while the significant differences enable these aminoglycosides to reduce or even block antibiotic resistance. The aminoglycosides of the present invention are suitable for inhibition of antrax lethal factor, hence are suitable for use as a cure for anthrax.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula (I): wherein A represents a group such as a cyclic group, R1 and R2 represent groups such as alkyl groups or hydroxymethyl groups, and n represents 1 or 2, or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof or pharmacologically acceptable esters thereof have superior activity and stability, and are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes mellitus, or the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing a sucrose-6-ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel jasmonate derivatives, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions, especially as chemotherapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of cancers.

Abstract: A composition and process of preparation of emulsifier agents based on an alkylpolyglycoside structure with a length of alkyl chain having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms to be used. The resulting emulsions exhibit an excellent dispersion of the fillers and/or pigments without it being necessary to add coemulsifier or dispersant. The emulsifier makes it possible, by itself alone, to prevent the reagglomeration of the fillers and/or pigments.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for determining the sequence of a DNA or an RNA, wherein (i) about 1000 or fewer copies of the DNA or RNA are bound to a solid substrate via 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and (ii) each copy of the DNA or RNA comprises a self-priming moiety.

Abstract: Novobiocin analogues and pharmaceutical composition containing such compounds useful for the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lactose-derived compounds of general formula (I) and to their use as agents for stimulating the immune system of the skin and/or as immunoregulators, and for preparing a composition containing a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable medium, intended in particular to prevent and/or limit the appearance of cutaneous immune imbalances, in particular related to environmental stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble highly branched glucose polymers, having a reducing sugar content of less than 1%, a level of ?-1,6 glucoside bonds of between 13 and 17% and an Mw having a value of between 0.9×105 and 1.5×105 daltons, characterized in that their branched chain length distribution profile consists of 70 to 85% of DP of less than 15, of 10 to 16% of DP of between 15 and 25 and of 8 to 13% of DP greater than 25.

Abstract: Novel analogues and derivatives of novobiocin are provided, including compounds having modifications to the amide side chain, coumarin ring, and sugar moieties. The compounds of the present invention are useful as heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, and may be used as anticancer and neuroprotective agents.

Abstract: Surfactants of the general formula R1-X where R1 is an aliphatic C17H35-alkyl radical and X is a hydrophilic group, and the mean degree of branching of the R1 radical is from 2.8 to 3.7. Mixtures which comprise such surfactants and the use of such surfactants and of mixtures thereof for tertiary mineral oil extraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel glyceroglycolipid produced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The glyceroglycolipid can be used as a diagnostic marker for a disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Abstract: Conjugates of epothilones and epothilone derivatives (as effectors) with suitable saccharides or saccharide derivatives (as recognition units) are described. Their production is carried out by the recognition units being reacted with suitable linkers, and the compounds that are produced are conjugated to the effectors. The pharmaceutical use of the conjugates for treating proliferative or angiogenesis-associated processes is described.

Abstract: The invention provides various photoacid generator compounds and ionic components thereof. Photoresist compositions that include the ions and non-ionic photoacid generator compounds are also provided. The invention further provides methods of making and using the photoacid generator compounds and photoresist compositions disclosed herein. The compounds and compositions are useful as photoactive components in chemically amplified resist compositions for use in, for example, various microfabrication applications.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a medical drug, a food and drink having a role in regulating the concentration of equal in vivo and being capable of taking for a long time with high safety and provide a selective medium for a microorganism having conversion ability to equal and a method of detecting the same. Provided are an equal concentration-raising or reducing agent containing a carbohydrate as an active ingredient; use of a carbohydrate for producing the equal concentration-raising or reducing agent; a method of raising or reducing the concentration of equal by administrating a carbohydrate in an effective dose; a selective medium containing a carbohydrate for a microorganism having conversion ability to equal; and a method of detecting a microorganism having conversion ability to equal by use of the selective medium.

Abstract: In this process for preparing a ?-1,3-glucan, the glucan-containing matrix is treated with a protein having ?(1,3)-glucanase activity, wherein the concentration of the glucanase amounts from 0.001 to 3.0% by weight. The glucan-containing matrix can be a fermentation broth, a culture medium or a suspension, where appropriate containing unsolved solids, cell constituents and/or cell fragments, or else a mycelium, a hydrocolloid or a powder preparation having a solvent proportion of from 20 to 99.9% by weight. The duration of the enzymatic treatment should be between 15 minutes and 24 hours and the treatment should be carried out continuously. The invention also envisages the glucan-containing matrix being filtered or centrifuged, after it has been treated enzymatically, and the glucan finally being separated off.

Abstract: The present invention provide a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof. The compound of the present invention and a salt thereof can preferentially induce production of IL-4, which is one kind of cytokines that control action of immunocytes. Therefore, it is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and the like, and prophylaxis or treatment of diseases caused by functional promotion of Th1 cells.

Abstract: Sulfoquinovosylacyl propanediol compounds represented by formula (I): wherein R1 is an acyl residue of a fatty acid, Y is a number of 1, 2 or 3, and M represents a cation having a positive charge equal to Y and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are effective for treating tumors.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents H, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl group etc.; one of Q and T represents a group selected from the following groups: and the other represents —(CH2)n—Ar wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl group or an optionally substituted C1-9 heteroaryl group; and n represents an integral number from 0 to 2, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxyl group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted C2-9 heterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heterocycle-fused phenyl group; R represents an optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl group etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates compounds of the formula A oligosaccharide-spacer-GpIIb/IIIa antagonist ??(A). The compounds of the invention have antithrombotic activity and can be used in treating or preventing thrombotic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrazole derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents H, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; one of Q and T represents a group selected from the following: and the other represents -Z-Ar wherein Z represents —O—, —S—, etc.; Ar represents an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, etc.; R represents an optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, etc., pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and prodrugs thereof, which exhibit an excellent inhibitory activity in human sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) and are useful as agents for the prevention, inhibition of progression or treatment of a disease associated with the excess uptake of at least a kind of carbohydrates selected from glucose, fructose and mannose (diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic complications, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides fused heterocyclic derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents H, halogen, OH, etc.; R2 represents H, halogen or an alkyl group; R3 and R4 represent H, OH, halogen, etc.; Q represents alkylene, etc.; ring A represents aryl or heteroaryl; and G represents or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or prodrugs thereof, which exhibit an excellent inhibitory activity in human SGLT and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic complications or obesity, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and pharmaceutical uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ascorbic acid derivative as a provitamin C with improved stability in the body and prolonged life in the body compared to conventionally known 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid. The composition comprising the novel compound 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid has been extracted from plants such as from Ningxia Lycium barbarum L. and/or Lycium chinense Mill. The compositions comprising 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid may be enzymatically synthesized using ?-D-glucosyltransferase. Pure 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid may be produced from such compositions. Alternatively, 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid may be produced by chemical synthesis. The 2-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid results in higher stability and a prolonged life of vitamin C when ingested in the body compared to the corresponding ?-D-glucopyranosyl derivative, and is therefore highly suitable as a provitamin C to be used in cosmetics and foods.

Abstract: Various azetidinone, pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, and oxazolidine derivatives are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treatment of diseases using these compounds. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of 5-thioxylopyranose, preferably derivatives of the 5-thioxilopyranose type, a method for preparing such compounds, and the use of such compounds as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions which are useful, in particular, for treating or inhibiting thrombosis or heart failure or thromboembolic disease states.

Abstract: Preparation of synthetic monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides for use in the preparation of synthetic heparinoids.

Abstract: The invention concerns maltitol crystals, characterized in that they have a rectangular parallelepipedal shape and have a length to width dimensional ratio in the range 1.8 to 5.3, preferably 3±0.7, and a process for producing them.

Abstract: A method is described for treating hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis or for reducing total cholesterol while raising high-density lipoportoein cholesterol. It involves administering to a patient a substantially pure complex derived from flaxseed and containing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), cinnamic acid glucosides and hydroxymethyl glutaric acid.