Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and n have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting .beta.-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of .beta.-lactam antibiotics, and for treating .beta.-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula I, and novel intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to antimicrobial compositions comprising a combination of (1) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I ##STR1## with (2) a second ingredient selected from carbapenem antibiotics or with .beta.-lactamase inhibitors, to the use of the compositions for producing a medicament for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, including MRSA infections, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the combination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an exo-methylenepenam compound represented by the general formula (5) characterized in that a .beta.-lactam halide compound represented by the general formula (2) is reduced with a metal having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of up to -0.3 (V/SCE) in an amount of at least one mole per mole of the halide compound and with a metal compound having a higher standard oxidation-reduction potential than the metal in an amount of 0.0001 to 10 moles per mole of the halide compound, or is subjected to an electroreduction process to obtain the exo-methylenepenam compound.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or linear or branched C.sub.1 --C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, Y is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aliphatic group having 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in the ring thereof, and Z is a specific 5-substituted 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of metalorganic compounds by reacting a Grignard reagent with a Group II, Group III or Group V metal halide in a tertiary alkyl amine solvent to form a metalorganic adduct, isolating the adduct and dissociating the adduct to leave the metalorganic compound.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, Y is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aliphatic group having 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in the ring thereof, and Z is a specific 5-substituted 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Method of desilylating a silylether compound by reacting a silylether compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt thereof with an amine hydrogen fluoride salt or a pyridine hydrogen fluoride salt in an organic solvent to produce a compound of the general formula (IV): ##STR2## According to this method, silylether compounds that are labile under strong acidic or basic conditions can be desilylated efficiently using inexpensive reagents.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for making compounds of the structure(Q--L.sup.1)--L--(L.sup.2 --B)wherein(I) Q is a quinolone moiety;(II) B is a lactam moiety; and(III) L, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 together comprise a linking moiety;comprising the steps of:(1) coupling a compound of Formula (III) with a lactam-containing compound to form an intermediate compound; and(2) cyclizing the intermediate by reaction with an organosilicon compound to give a compound of the formula (Q--L.sup.1)--L--(L.sup.2 --B).Preferably, the process additionally comprises a step prior to the coupling step, wherein protected forms of the compound of Formula (III) and the lactam compound are formed; and deprotection steps after the cyclization step, wherein the protecting groups are removed. Preferred antimicrobial compounds made by these processes are those where the beta-lactam moiety is a penem, a carbapenem, a cephem, or a carbacephem. Also preferred are those compounds where L.sup.1, L, and L.sup.

Abstract: Crystalline sodium 2.alpha.-methyl-2.beta.-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) -methylpenam-3.alpha.-carboxylate-1,1-dioxide monohydrate (crystalline tazobactam sodium monohydrate) obtainable by adding to a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium 2.alpha.-methyl-2.beta.-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-methylpenam-3.alpha.-carboxyl ate-1,1-dioxide (tazobactam sodium) a solvent selected from acetone and ethanol in an amount corresponding to a solvent to water ratio of between about 95:5 and 99:1 v/v and crystallizing the desired product from the solvent mixture. The crystalline tazobactam sodium monohydrate exhibits a high .beta.-lactamase inhibitory activity in combination with .beta.-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: Penem derivatives of general formula (I), below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, or an optionally protected C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl; R.sub.2 is a free or esterified carboxyl group or a carboxylate anion; R.sub.3 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 mercaptoalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aminoalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl substituted by a quaternary ammonium group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl-alkyl optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are linked together to form a heterocyclic ring having 3-7 atoms; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 mercaptoalkyl, C.sub. -C.sub.6 aminoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl-alkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making a compound having a structure according to Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are independently carbon or nitrogen and R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are known quinolone substituents; and wherein one of R.sup.1, R.sup.3 or R.sup.6 may be a lactam-containing moiety;or a protected form, salt, pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, biohydrolyzable ester, or solvate thereof;the process comprising reacting one or more organosilicon compounds with a compound having a structure according to Formula (II) ##STR2## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 as described above; wherein one of R.sup.1, R.sup.3 or R.sup.6 may be a lactam-containing moiety; and X is a leaving group;or a protected form, salt, biohydrolyzable ester, or solvate thereof.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the following formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and R.sub.3 represents a specific substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Novel 3-(substituted)-3-methyl-4-thia-1-azabicyclo?3.2.0!heptane-2-carboxylate, 4,4-dioxides which are of value for use in combination with .beta.-lactam antibiotics to increase the effectiveness of the antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (I'): ##STR1## comprising reacting a compound of formula (II'): ##STR2## with a compound of formula (III'):A'SH (III')wherein the reaction of the compound of formula (II') and the compound of formula (III') are carried out in the presence of a salt of a metal of Group II or III of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein A' is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic, R.sup.1' is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R.sup.2' and R.sup.3' can be hydrogen or alkyl, X' can be sulfur, k' is 1 or 2 and R.sup.4' is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is --COR.sup.4, --CN, --CH.sub.2 R.sup.5, halogen, --CH.dbd.CHR.sup.6 or Q and the other is hydrogen or lower alkyl or both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a .gamma.-lactam ring,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl-alkyl, allyl or a residue which is cleavable in vivo,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, benzyloxy, amino, lower alkylamino or lower alkyl-lower alkoxyamino,R.sup.5 is hydroxy, --OCONHR.sup.7, --OCONH.sub.2 or a five- or six-membered hetero-aromatic ring which contains N,S and/or O and which is linked via a nitrogen atom,R.sup.6 is --CN or CHO,R.sup.7 is --COCH.sub.2 Cl,Q is a five- or six-membered hetero-aromatic ring which contains N, S and/or O andn is 0, 1 or 2,and the pharmaceutically compatible salts thereof.These compounds are good .beta.-lactamase inhibitors. They can be used for the prevention or treatment of bacterial infections, optionally together with a .beta.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is --COR.sup.4, --CN, --CH.sub.2 R.sup.5, halogen, --CH.dbd.CHR.sup.6 or Q and the other is hydrogen or lower alkyl or both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a .gamma.-lactam ring,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl-alkyl, allyl or a residue which is cleavable in vivo,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, benzyloxy, amino, lower alkylamino or lower alkyl-lower alkoxyamino,R.sup.5 is hydroxy, --OCONHR.sup.7, --OCONH.sub.2 or a five- or six-membered hetero-aromatic ring which contains N,S and/or O and which is linked via a nitrogen atom,R.sup.6 is --CN or CHO,R.sup.7 is --COCH.sub.2 Cl,Q is a five- or six-membered hetero-aromatic ring which contains N, S and/or O andn is 0, 1 or 2,and the pharmaceutically compatible salts thereof.These compounds are good .beta.-lactamase inhibitors. They can be used for the prevention or treatment of bacterial infections, optionally together with a .beta.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of 4-acetoxy-3-hydroxyethyl-azetidinone of the formula ##STR1## especially 4(R)-acetoxy-3(R)-(1'(R)-hydroxyethyl)-2-azetidinone, from enantiomerically pure compounds of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 represents lower alkyl and Z.sup.1 represents amino, arylmethylamino, acylamino or azido, by reduction of the C.dbd.C double bond and optionally of the arylmethylamino or azido group with hydrogen, opening of the lactone ring, cyclisation to the .beta.-lactam, optionally after hydrolysis of the acylamino group, and oxidative decarboxylation of the original lactone carboxy group in the presence of an acetate-yielding agent. Compounds of the formula I can be used as starting materials for the manufacture of .beta.-lactam antibiotics. The invention also relates to novel intermediates and starting materials.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of the compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is carboxy group or a carboxylate anion, by enzymatic hydrolysis with a lipase or an acylase in an alcoholic solution, of a compound of the formula II ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, alkenyl, phcnyl, phenylalkyl or phenylalkenyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) in which: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an organic substituent group; R.sup.2 is a fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system of general formula (a) wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or one or more substituents replacing hydrogen atoms in the ring system shown; m is 2 or 3; p is 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a salt-forming cation or an ester-forming group; and the symbol .dbd./.dbd. indicates that the double bond may be in either the E or Z configuration.

Abstract: A penam derivative of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means hydrogen, halogen, amino or protected amino; R.sup.2 means hydrogen, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower alkyl, hydroxy- or protected hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may jointly represent oxo; R.sup.3 means hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 means hydrogen; R.sup.5 means a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 Y where Y means halogen, --N.sub.3, --ONO.sub.2, --OR.sup.6, --OCOR.sup.6, --SCSOR.sup.6, --SCSN(R.sup.6).sub.2, --SR.sup.6, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6).sub.2 or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having a free valence on nitrogen; R.sup.6 means a lower alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group which is substituted or unsubstituted; or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2 ; n means 0, 1 or 2; provided, however, that where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2, n is not equal to 0.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group; R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted phenoxy; R.sup.3 is optionally substituted pyridyl, optionally substituted quinolyl or phenyl group which has a substituent of formula --CYNR.sup.5 R.sup.6, where Y is oxygen or sulfur, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 and the nitrogen to which they are attached together form a heterocyclic group; is R.sup.4 hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; and Z is sulfur or oxygen; are valuable intermediates in the preparation of carbapenem compounds and retain a desirable configuration during conversion to such carbapenem compounds.

Abstract: The method for producing a sulfamide according to the present invention includes the step of reacting an alcohol and an oxycarbonylsulfamide compound in the presence of a trivalent phosphorus compound and an azodicarboxylic acid derivative. In one embodiment, the sulfamide is represented by Formula I, the alcohol is represented by Formula II, and the oxycarbonylsulfamide compound is represented by Formula III:R.sup.3 NHSO.sub.2 NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic group, and alkyl substituted with the heterocyclic group, respectively, said heterocyclic group being selected from the group consisting of pyranosyl, furanosyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, an azetidinone ring, a cephem ring, a penem ring, and a carbapenem ring; R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or hydroxymethyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl;Z is carboxy, sufonic acid, tetrazol-5-yl or C .sub.1-4 alkylsulfonylcarbamoyl (--CONHSO.sub.2 C.sub.1-4 alkyl);A is a phenyl or thienyl ring;and A is optionally further substituted by one or two substituents or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof. Processes for their preparation, intermediates in their preparation, their use as therapeutic agents and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a physiological-hydrolyzable, ester-forming group. The physiologically hydrolyzable, ester-forming group useful in the penem compound of the present invention means a group which can be removed easily by in vivo hydrolysis, such as an acetyloxymethyl, 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, 1-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(isopropyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl or 3-phthalidyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Crystalline acetoxymethyl and pivaloyloxymethyl esters of (+)-(5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo-[3.2.0] hept-2-ene-carboxylic acid can be obtained by adding a poor solvent to a solution of acetoxymethyl or pivaloyloxymethyl ester of (+)-(5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo-[3.2.0] hept-2-ene-carboxylic acid in a good solvent. The crystalline penem compounds obtained show improved stability and are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: Antimicrobial quinolonyl lactam compounds comprising a lactam-containing moiety linked, by a non-ester linking moiety, to the 3-carboxy group of a quinolone moiety. These compounds are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein (1) R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5, together with bonds "a" and "b", form any of a variety of lactam-containing moieties similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity;(2) A, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 form any of a variety of quinolone or naphthyridine structures similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity; and(3) Y, together with R.sup.5, form a variety of non-ester linking moieties between the lactam-containing moiety and the quinolone moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of 6-(isoxazolinyl)methyl penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M, X, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are described in the specification;which exhibit activity as a .beta.-lactamase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a negative charge or an ester residue; R is:a) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --A--CO.sub.2 H, --(CH.sub.2)n--A--SO.sub.3 H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --A--PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, wherein n is either zero, one or two and A is a group --CH.dbd.CH-- (either E or Z), --OCH.sub.2 --, --SCH.sub.2 -- or --CHOH--;b) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.2 NHCN, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n NHSO.sub.3 H, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n CONHSO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n CONHSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, wherein n is as defined above;c) --(CH.sub.2 S).sub.m --W--(CH.sub.2).sub.n Z, wherein W is an arylene group or a heterocyclediyl group, m is 0 or 1, n is as above defined, and Z represents CO.sub.2 H, PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, SO.sub.2 NHCN, NHSO.sub.3 H, CONHSO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CONHSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3 ;d) ##STR2## wherein Y is O or NH and X is NH, N--OH or N--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n+1 COOH wherein n is as defined above; ore) --(CH.sub.2 S).sub.

Abstract: The present invention is related to compounds which inhibit pancreatic cholesterol esterase. The compounds have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sup.2 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sup.3 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;X is CHR.sup.6, S or O;R.sup.6 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sup.4 is a hydrophobic moiety; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A 6.beta.-substituted penicillanic acid of the formula XII: ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, whereinA and B are each hydrogen wherein the carbon atoms to which A and B are attached are linked by a single bond, or A and B together form a bond, wherein the carbon atoms to which A and B are attached are linked by a double bond,R1 is selected from the group consisting of a) hydrogen, b) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and c) a pharmaceutically acceptable group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates the removal of t-butyldimethylsilyl protecting groups in the preparation of penems which are useful antibiotics. The invention provides a process for preparing a compound of the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R is a free or protected hydroxy or amino group or an alkoxy, acyloxy or an optionally substituted carbamoyloxy group, and R.sub.1 is selected from:a) hydrogen;b) a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl group;c) a p-NO.sub.2 benzyl group;d) a linear or branched alkanoyloxy C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl group; ande) (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present application discloses a process for the conversion of penicillin-1-(R)-sulfoxide(s) and/or cephalosporin-1-(R)-sulfoxides in solution, to their corresponding 1-(S)-sulfoxides comprising the step of treating said 1-(R)-sulfoxide with a sufficient amount of an acid anhydride to convert at least some of said 1-(R)-sulfoxide to its corresponding 1-(S)-sulfoxide. Also disclosed is a process for the production of 1-(S)-sulfoxide from penicillin and/or cephalosporin by oxidizing the penicillin or cephalosporin with an oxidizing agent and simultaneously or subsequently adding a sufficient amount of an acid anhydride to convert at least some 1-(R)-sulfoxide to its corresponding 1-(S)-sulfoxide over a time period of from 5 minutes to 2 hours so as to maintain the pH above 3.5 and produce a solution of the corresponding 1-(S)-oxide. In a preferred embodiment, a buffer is incorporated in the solution to provide additional pH control during the reaction.

Abstract: Antimicrobial quinolonyl lactam esters comprising a lactam-containing moiety linked, by an ester group, to the 3-carboxy group of a quinolone moiety. These compounds are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein (1) R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5, together with bonds "a" and "b", form certain lactam-containing moieties similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity; and(2) A, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 form any of a variety of quinolone or napthyridine structures similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: Antibacterial penems of formula (I), where R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy protecting group, are prepared by reacting a .beta.-lactam of formula (II) with an oxalyl halide in an inert solvent in the presence of an organic or inorganic base or an acid scavenger to produce a compound of formula (III), wherein X is a halogen atom, treating the resultant compound of formula (III) with a 1,3-dioxolen-2-one of formula (IV), wherein Y is a hydroxy group, in the presence of molecular sieves or an organic or inorganic base to produce a compound of formula (V), and cyclizing the compound of formula (V) in the presence of a trialkylphosphite to provide the penems of formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a .beta.-lactam compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group or an amino group each of which may be protected; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen atom or an ester residue; X represents a methylene group which may be substituted by a lower alkyl group, sulfur atom or a group represented by the formula: --A--CH.sub.2 -- where A represents sulfur atom, oxygen atom or methylene group; and W represents an active ester residue of hydroxyl group, or a salt thereof, which comprises the steps of treating a 1-aza-3-thia-bicycloalkane compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X have the same meanings as defined above, or a salt thereof with a base in the presence of a desulfurizing agent and then reacting the resulting compound with an active esterifying agent of hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A simplified method for making the chloromethyl ester of sulbactam in which the tetraalkylammonium sulbactam salt is not dried and isolated prior to alkylation. The method comprises reacting a tetraalkylammonium salt and a sulbactam salt in an aqueous solution to form an aqueous solution of tetraalkylammonium sulbactam. The tetraalkylammonium sulbactam is extracted into bromochloromethane or iodochloromethane, and water is removed from the organic layer to enhance the formation of the chloromethyl ester of sulbactam. The tetraalkylammonium sulbactam is reacted with bromochloromethane or iodochloromethane in the organic layer to form the chloromethyl ester of sulbactam.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is H or a hydroxy protecting group, R.sub.2 is an organic residue and R.sub.3 is H or a nitrogen protecting group, which process comprises reacting together a compound of formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or a phenyl group, R and R.sub.3 are as defined above, a compound of formula (III) ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is as defined above and X is a cation or a silicon-containing residue, and a salt of a group IIa, IIb or transition element. The compounds of formula (I) are intermediates in the synthesis of penem antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for preparing penem esters by reacting ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydroxy protecting group and X is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl or aryl group, with ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group in the presence of an anhydrous organic solvent, condensing the product with ##STR3## wherein X is a halogen atom or a --OCOOR.sub.3 group and then cyclizing.

Abstract: Process for preparing carbapenem derivative of the formula [I], which comprises subjecting azetidinone compound of the formula [II] to intramolecular cyclization reaction together with elimination reaction of the group of --SR.sup.4, followed by re-adding said group of --SR.sup.4 to the 2-position of the carbapenem skeleton of the intramolecularly cyclized compound, which is industrially useful as process for preparing carbapenem antimicrobials or synthetic intermediate therefor. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is protected or unprotected hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or ester residue, R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, and the group of --SR.sup.4 is group which can be used as substituent at 2-position of the carbapenem antimicrobials.

Abstract: Antimicrobial quinolone thiourea compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein (1) A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.6 form any of a variety of quinolone and related heterocyclic structures similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity; and(2)(1) R.sup.1 is X, R.sup.3 is X, or both R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are X; and(2) X is --R.sup.15 --N(R.sup.16)(R.sup.17) or --R.sup.15 --R.sup.18 --N(R.sup.19)(R.sup.17), where(a)(1) R.sup.15 is nil, alkyl, a carbocyclic ring, or a heterocyclic ring; and(2) R.sup.16 is hydrogen; alkyl; alkenyl; a carbocyclic ring; a heterocyclic ring; or(3) when X is R.sup.15 --N(R.sup.16)(R.sup.17), R.sup.16 and R.sup.15 may together comprise a heterocyclic ring including the nitrogen atom to which R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are bonded;(b) R.sup.17 is C(.dbd.S)--NR.sup.20 R.sup.21 ; where R.sup.20 is, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring; and R.sup.21 is R.sup.20 or N(R.sup.20)(R.sup.20); or R.sup.20 and R.sup.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1, R is hydrogen or a radical forming an ester hydrolyzable under physiological conditions, and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; the pharmaceuticallyacceptable cationic salts thereof when R is hydrogen; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; a method of treating bacterial infections therewith; and intermediates useful in the synthesis of said compounds.

Abstract: A pyrrolidylthiocarbapenem derivative represented by Formula I is provided: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen, lower alkyl which can be substituted or an amino protecting group independently, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with a nitrogen atom to which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are bonded form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together with two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom in the sufamide group form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group; each cyclic group can further include at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and each cyclic group can be substituted; X.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group; X.sup.2 is hydrogen, a carboxy protecting group, an ammonio group, an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal; and Y.sup.2 is hydrogen or an amino protecting group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ester cleavage process for use with .beta.-lactams. The process is useful because of mild conditions necessary to complete the reaction, such conditions being especially suitable for .beta.-lactams.

Abstract: A crystalline form of (5R,6S)-2-carbamoyloxymethyl-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid incorporates two molecules of water per molecule of the acid and is useful as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl having or not having substituent(s), methyl having or not having substituent(s) or ##STR2## group, R.sup.3 being phenyl having or not having substituent(s), and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protective group, and a process for preparing the same.The present invention further provides a process for preparing a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative characterized by hydrolyzing the thiazoline ring of a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative of the above formula (1) to effect recyclization and obtain a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making compounds of the structure[Q-L.sup.1 ]-L-[L.sup.2 -B[wherein(I) Q is a quinolone moiety;(II) B is a beta-lactam moiety;(III) L, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 together comprise a carbamate-containing linking moietycomprising the steps of:(1) Reacting a lactam compound of the formula B-L.sup.4 -H with phosgene to form an intermediate compound of the formula B--L.sup.4 --C(=O)--Cl, where L.sup.4 is oxygen; and(2) Coupling said intermediate compound with a quinolone compound of the formula Q-L.sup.3 -R.sup.44 ; wherein L.sup.3 is nitrogen; R.sup.44 is hydrogen, Si(R.sup.45).sub.3, or Sn(R.sup.45).sub.3 ; and R.sup.45 is lower alkyl.Preferably, the process additionally comprises steps prior to the reacting and coupling steps where esters of the lactam and quinolone compounds are made. Also preferably, the coupling step comprises adding a solution containing the quinolone compound to a solution containing the intermediate compound.

Abstract: Antimicrobial quinolnyl lactam esters comprising a lactam-containing moiety linked, by an ester group, to the 3-carboxy group of a quinolone moiety. These compounds are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein (1) R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5, together with bonds "a" and "b", form certain lactam-containing moieties similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity; and(2) A, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 form any of a variety of quinolone or napthyridine structures similar to those known in the art to have antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of at least one compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## and their salts and esters wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a substituent such as halogen and acetoxy comprising diazotizing a compound of the formula ##STR2## and salts and esters thereof wherein X has the above definition and brominating the resulting diazotized compound with at least an equimolar amount of a nitrosating agent in the presence of 1 to 5 equivalents of a strong acid in solution or suspension in a mixture of water and an at least partially water-miscible organic solvent with the amount of water being 1 to 20% by volume containing at least equimolar amounts of hydrogen bromide and bromine which bromo compounds are useful intermediates for the preparation of penicillanic acid-1,1-dioxide and its derivatives and novel 6-diazo-intermediates.

Abstract: A method for removing tri-substituted silyl group from .beta.-lactam compound having a tri-substituted silyl group-protecting hydroxy group, which comprises treating with an acid and a fluoride selected from alkali metal fluoride, alkaline earth metal fluoride and hydrogenfluoride of organic or inorganic amine, by which the tri-substituted silyl group can be easily and effectively removed under moderate conditions so that the desired compound can be obtained in high yield at low cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of compounds of formula ##STR1## or salts thereof, starting from compounds of formulae ##STR2## via compounds of formulae ##STR3## in which compounds R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.2 is an organic radical which may carry a functional group which may be protected by a customary protective group R.sub.2.sup.o, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a customary carboxyl protective group R.sub.3.sup.o, W is a group which can be replaced by a thiocarboxylic acid radical of formula III, and Z is oxygen or sulfur.