Abstract: Novel alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) compositions and the use thereof. The disclosed ASA compositions may be derived from maleic anhydride and olefins having desirable carbon chain lengths and double bond distributions. The present ASA compositions provide superior paper sizing properties.

Abstract: To form a mixture of anhydrides suitable for use as a curing agent for epoxy resins, a mixture formed from maleic anhydride and a liquid monoolefin is heated to produce a reaction mass containing a liquid phase comprised of alkenyl succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and monoolefin. Then a conjugated diene hydrocarbon is mixed with this reaction mass and the temperature of the resultant mixture is such as to form a reaction mass comprising tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and/or alkyl-substituted tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and alkenyl succinic anhydride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising mixtures of two enantiomeric forms of diacyl tartaric anhydride and mixtures obtainable by reacting an organic compound with a mixture comprising two enantiomeric forms of diacyl tartaric anhydride. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of such enantiomeric mixtures, starting from a mixture comprising D-tartaric acid and L-tartaric acid. The method involves reacting tartaric acid with a fatty acid anhydride under dielectric heating conditions.

Abstract: A process for producing anhydrides by passing a solution of the acid, preferably an organic polyacid, which is to undergo anhydridation over an acidified clay and a process for producing the catalysts therefor.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride can be hydrogenated to succinic anhydride with particularly high conversion rates by a catalytic liquid-phase hydrogenation with hydrogen, by carrying out the hydrogenation continuously at a pressure of 10 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 60 to 180.degree. C. on oxygen-free and support-free shaped bodies, which are arranged in the fixed bed, of compressed powders of the elements of the iron sub-group of group VIII of the Periodic Table, mixed or alloyed with elements of transition group IV and/or V; in addition, hydrogenation-inert elements can be present. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 220 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A polyalkylene succinimide composition prepared by reacting a mixture of an acid derivative, a polycarboxylic acid derivative; and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The acid derivative can be an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, a copolymer of a first unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1,1-disubstituted olefin, or mixtures of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative and the copolymer. The total reaction mixture contains from 4 to 40 wt. % of the polycarboxylic acid derivative, and contains from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents of polyamine per equivalent of acidic groups of the acid derivative plus the acidic groups of the polycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: A vanadium/phosphorus mixed oxide catalyst precursor is transformed into the active catalyst for the production of maleic anhydride. The activation takes place in a fluidized bed and includes the steps of (a) initially heating the precursor; (b) further heating under superatmospheric pressure; (c) isothermal stage at superatmospheric pressure; and, finally, (d) cooling the activated catalyst obtained. Catalysts activated according to this procedure show high performance in the conversion of non-aromatic hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride can be hydrogenated with hydrogen to give succinic anhydride by a catalyzed liquid-phase hydrogenation, by carrying out the hydrogenation continuously at a pressure of 50 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 60.degree. to 180.degree. C. on oxygen-free and support-free shaped bodies arranged in the fixed bed, which shaped bodies are made of pressed powders of the elements of the iron subgroup of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements or of their alloys with each other or of their alloys with elements of subgroup VI; in addition, hydrogenation-inert elements can be present. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 250N and an internal surface area of 10 to 90 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a functionalized polybutylene polymer which contains at least one unsaturated group in its molecule, said functionalized polybutylene being prepared by reacting (A) an anhydride-functional polybutylene with (B) an allyl-functional compound having at least one hydroxyl-containing group in its molecule.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel pure hydrocarbyl succinylating agents, substantially pure derivatives thereof, to a method of preparation of pure substituted succinylating agents and their derivatives, and to the use of thereof as additives for fuels and lubricants. The hydrocarbyl substituted succinylating agents are pure because the real and apparent mole ratios of the succinyl groups to the hydrocarbyl groups in such agents are substantially the same. These are produced by reacting an olefin polymer such as poly(iso)butylene with maleic anhydride to form a hydrocarbyl substitued succinylating agent which is then cleaned by solvent extraction to remove any impurities therein before use in further reactions.

Abstract: Succinic anhydride (SA) can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) with hydrogen in the liquid phase, by reacting a starting material composed of from 5 to 100% by weight of MA and from 95 to 0% by weight of SA, based on the total weight of MA and SA, at from 120.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a H.sub.2 pressure of from 10 to 150 bar over a Raney skeleton catalyst or a platinum group metal catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel pure hydrocarbyl succinylating agents, substantially pure derivatives thereof, to a method of preparation of pure substituted succinylating agents and their derivatives, and to the use of thereof as additives for fuels and lubricants. The hydrocarbyl substituted succinylating agents are pure because the real and apparent mole ratios of the succinyl groups to the hydrocarbyl groups in such agents are substantially the same. These are produced by reacting an olefin polymer such as poly(iso)butylene with maleic anhydride to form a hydrocarbyl substitued succinylating agent which is then cleaned by solvent extraction to remove any impurities therein before use in further reactions.

Abstract: Novel compounds, their preparation and their use as bifunctional acid-labile crosslinking agents which are cleavable in an acid environment at a pH of below about 5.0 allowing for the controlled release of nucleophilic groups attached thereto are disclosed.

Abstract: The dispersants are formed by reacting (a) at least one dispersant having at least one primary or secondary amino group and/or at least one hydroxyl group, with (b) at least one polyolefinic compound substituted at each terminal position by a succinic group. Suitable substances for use as reactant (b) include compounds derived from at least one telechelic compound having up to 5000 carbon atoms and at least two terminal methylene groups by reaction with maleic anhydride or the like. The products are deemed to be effective dispersant/detergents for use in fuels and lubricants. In fuels the products are deemed to exhibit the property of inhibiting and/or reducing deposit formation such as intake valve deposits. In crankcase lubricants, the products are deemed to provide desirable viscosity index improving properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing substituted acylating agents by the reaction of an enophile with an ene by the thermal route wherein (a) the molar ratio of the enophile to the ene is at least 3:1 and (b) the reaction pressure is raised to above 20 psig an least after addition of the enophile reaction to the reaction is completed and is maintained substantially constant until at least 80% of the ene reactant has been converted to the corresponding acylating agent. The agents so produced are substantially free of chlorine and can be further reacted with an amine or a hydroxy compound to form a derivative which can be used as an additive for a lubricating oil or a fuel.

Abstract: A method for the production of an alkylene carbonate at high yields and high selectivity by a reaction between an alkylene glycol and urea, the method being capable to preventing the deposition of a white crystal in the reflux condenser used in a conventional method for the production of alkylene carbonate and the subsequent decrease in the yield, wherein:a gas washing member and a cooling member are disposed above a reaction portion where alkylene glycol and urea are allowed to react,ammonia-containing steam exhausted from the reaction portion is downwardly introduced into the cooling member through the gas washing member,condensate and ammonia gas exhausted from a bottom of the cooling member are gas-liquid separated,the condensate is introduced into the gas washing member, andthe ammonia gas is removed from the reaction system.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a maleated polyethylene wax is disclosed. This process entails mixing in the melt phase polyethylene, maleic anhydride, free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent m-di-isopropylbenzene. This process can be a continuous process either in a stirred reactor or twin screw extruder. The resulting maleated polyethylene wax has a high acid number, essentially no objectionable odor, and a Gardner color number less than 3.

Abstract: Anhydride-functional polymerizable monomers having the structure: ##STR1## and polymers and reactive compositions prepared from these monomers are disclosed. The reactive compositions are especially useful in primer, topcoat, and in clearcoat/basecoat applications.

Abstract: Briefly stated, the present invention comprises novel compounds useful as two-cycle oil additives obtained by reacting an alkyl acrylamide with a compound selected from the group consisting of polyalkylenepolyamines, polyalkylenepolyamines functionalized with polyalkyl acid anhydrides and polyalkylenepolyamines and a polyalkyl acid anhydride.

Abstract: Anhydride-functional polymerizable monomers having the structure: ##STR1## and polymers and reactive compositions prepared from these monomers are disclosed. The reactive compositions are especially useful in primer and clearcoat/basecoat applications.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of an emulsifiable polypropylene wax having a melt viscosity from 1000 to 5000 cP at 190.degree. C. This process entails reacting at a temperature below 190.degree. C. a thermally degraded polypropylene wax having a melt viscosity below 1000 cP (at 190.degree. C.) with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical source. Floor polish formulations containing this polypropylene wax are very clear but yet provide floor finishes that are very tough.

Abstract: Branched fatty substances may be produced by reacting maleic acid anhydride with fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 double bonds, or the esters of such acids, with alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of at least one rhodium and/or platinum catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of an emulsifiable polypropylene wax having a melt viscosity from 1000 to 5000 cP at 190.degree. C. This process entails reacting at a temperature below 190.degree. C. a thermally degraded polypropylene wax having a melt viscosity below 1000 cP (at 190.degree. C.) with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical source. Floor polish formulations containing this polypropylene wax are very clear but yet provide floor finishes that are very tough.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of a partial oxidation product by the vapor phase reaction of a hydrocarbon with substantially pure oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In the improved process, the partial oxidation product is removed, carbon dioxide and excess carbon monoxide, present in the reactor effluent as by-products, are also removed and the remaining gaseous effluent, comprised mainly of carbon monoxide and unreacted hydrocarbon, is recycled to the reactor. The concentration of carbon monoxide throughout the system is maintained sufficiently high to prevent the formation of a flammable mixture in the reactor or associated equipment.

Abstract: A process for producing anhydrides by passing a solution of the acid, preferably an organic polyacid, which is to undergo anhydridation over an acidified clay and a process for producing the catalysts therefor.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel radiation-curable, rosin-based resins and the process for preparing them. In particular, the invention relates to unsaturated polyester resins containing fully fumarated rosin and/or fully maleated rosin which have softening points of at least 80.degree. C. and are capable of being flaked into solid chips; a property that make the resins useful in formulating vehicles for lithographic printing inks and other coating applications.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkanedioic acid derivatives comprising reacting an alkenoic acid derivative with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic compound having a mobile hydrogen atom in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of a Group VIII metal, a source of a bidentate diphosphine liquid, a source of an anion and a source of a quinone promoter.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is hydrogenated to produce 1,4-butanediol in a two-stage process. In the first stage maleic anhydride and/or maleic acid contacted with hydrogen at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst to produce succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone. In the second stage, the succinic anhydride and/or gamma-butyrolactone and hydrogen are contacted at a temperature of about 180.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. in the presence of a ruthenium-containing hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,4-butanediol.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the production of an anhydride by the vapor phase reaction of a hydrocarbon with substantially pure oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In the improved process, the anhydride product is removed, carbon monoxide, present in the reactor effluent as a by-product, is oxidized to carbon dioxide and part of the gaseous effluent, comprised mainly of carbon dioxide and unreacted hydrocarbon, is recycled to the reactor. Removal of carbon monoxide from the recycle stream reduces the hazard of a fire or explosion in the reactor or associated equipment. The use of carbon dioxide as the principal diluent increases heat removal from the reactor, thereby increasing the production capacity of the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a carene-dienophile diadduct in high yield is provided. Delta-3-carene is reacted with a Diels-Adler dienophile, preferably maleic anhydride, at a dienophile:carene molar ratio of at least 1.5:1 and a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. The diadduct produced by the reaction of delta-3-carene and a Diels Alder dienophile, preferably maleic anhydride, is useful as a curing agent in epoxy resin systems.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins wherein at least 20 percent of the total high molecular weight olefin comprises the alkylvinylidene isomer are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of matter corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 through R.sub.4, inclusive, are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, amino, cyano or R.sub.1 and R.sub.1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may together form part of a cyclohydrocarbyl ring. The subject 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydrides demonstrate utility as reactants in the preparation of polyimides used in the fabrication of membranes for separating gaseous mixtures into their respective components.

Abstract: A modified polyisobutene has the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an olefinically unsaturated divalent radical, R.sup.2 is one of the radicals --CH.sub.2 --C(.dbd.CH.sub.2)--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH-- or m and n are each a degree of polymerization in particular from 1 to 1000.

Abstract: Diadducts of gamma-terpinene and Diels-Alder dienophiles are prepared in high yield by contacting dienophile and gamma-terpinene in a preferred molar ratio of at least about 2:1 at elevated temperatures. The resulting reaction product generally comprises at least about 80% diadducts and no more than about 20% monoadducts. Preferred dienophiles include maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Cyclic carbonic acid esters are produced by reaction of hydroxy compounds with phosgene in the presence of a heterocyclic compound containing at least one nitrogen atom as ring member in an aromatic ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing alkylene carbonates which comprises reacting the corresponding alkylene glycol and urea, optionally in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin-containing compound, and represented by the equation: ##STR1## where R represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 16 carbons.

Abstract: Process and intermediates for isopropyl 3S-amino-4-cyclohexyl-2R-hydroxybutyrate and 3S-amino-2R-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoate from R-malic acid. These products are of known utility in the synthesis of certain renin inhibitors.

Abstract: Diadducts of gamma-terpinene and Diels-Alder dienophiles are prepared in high yield by contacting dienophile and gamma-terpinene in a preferred molar ratio of at least about 2:1 at elevated temperatures. The resulting reaction product generally comprises at least about 80% diadducts and no more than about 20% monoadducts. Preferred dienophiles include maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Process for the purification of organic polyanhydrides to substantially-completely remove trace metals, such as for the production of metal-free electronic grade polymers. The process comprises decyclizing in an aqueous vehicle to form the polyacid, treating with an adsorption agent, crystallizing the polyacid, filtering and reconverting to the polyanhydride which is substantially free of trace metals. The purified polyanhydride can be reacted with other metal-free monomers to form metal-free polymers having excellent insulating properties for use in electrical components.

Abstract: Novel acid-functional poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls and their salts having surfactant activities are disclosed. These polyahls have, on the average, at least about 0.05 and up to about and including one hydrophilic terminus per molecule and can be produced by the reaction of a random non-ionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl obtained by reacting a monofunctional alcohol, mercaptan, carboxylic acid, primary or secondary amine, alkyl substituted phenol or alkoxylates thereof with an alkylene carbonate and/or an alkylene oxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl, and admixing a compound capable of adding an acidic end group thereto. Novel anionic poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls are also disclosed. Surfactant compositions comprising the acid-functional polyahls of the invention and other non-ionic surfactants are also disclosed. Moreover, surfactant compositions comprising the novel acid-functional polyahls and other anionic surfactants are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together represent ##STR2## with the proviso that in ##STR3## when X is lower alkylene or O, m is other than 1; and when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together represent ##STR4## R.sup.3 is other than unsubstituted or substituted 2-pyridinyl or 2-pyrimidinyl;R.sup.3 is unsubstituted or substituted 2-pyridinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl or 3-pyridazinyl, where the substituents are selected from the group lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halo, cyano and nitro;Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or vinylene;X is lower alkylene, vinylene or O;m is 1-4;n is 1-3;o is 1-5;p is 0-1;and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and their use as antipsychotic/anxiolytic agents having a low liability for extrapyramidal side effects.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises a water-dispersible reaction product of (A) at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of from about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms, with (B) at least one water-dispersible amine terminated poly(oxyalkylene). Aqueous concentrates and water-based functional fluids comprising these compositions are also disclosed. These reaction products are useful as shear-stable thickeners for such functional fluids.

Abstract: A process for producing alkenyl succinic anhydrides by the reaction of an olefin with maleic anhydride in the presence of alkyl succinic anhydride is provided. The alkenyl succinic anhydrides are valuable precursors for the preparation of alkyl succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydrides from aqueous solutions of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids which entails (a) washing the aqueous solution of the dicarboxylic acid with a water-insoluble tertiary amine, and separating the resulting amine-acid salt from the water layer; and (b) adding an aromatic hydrocarbon entrainer for the water, removing the entrainer/water azeotrope by distillation and separating the five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydride after phase separation; or adding an aliphatic hydrocarbon entrainer for the water, removing a ternary azeotropic mixture consisting of a hydrolytically stable anhydride, water and entrainer by distillation and separating the five-membered ring dicarboxylic acid anhydride after phase separation.

Abstract: Interpolymers of .alpha.-olefins having at least about 6 carbon atoms and unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as maleic anhydride, may be prepared by heating reactive amounts only of the monomers with a free radical initiator, preferably in a solvent-free system and typically at a temperature of at least about 135.degree. C. The time required for polymerization is relatively short under these conditions.

Abstract: It has been found that products made by reacting a polyalkenylsuccinic compound with an aromatic secondary amine or hindered phenol containing a hydroxyalkyl group, followed by reaction with an alkanolamine or an aminomethane, give a novel additive having utility as a dispersant and/or an anticorrosion agent when placed in a lubricant.

Abstract: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds are provided. These compounds possess the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R=--COOR.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H, ##STR2## wherein A and B=hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, lower alkyl amine, substituted lower alkyl amine, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl;R.sub.5 =lower alkyl;R.sub.1 =aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, alkyl, hydrogen, substituted aralkyl and heterocycle;R.sub.2 =aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, alkyl, substituted aralkyl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, biphenyl, substituted biphenyl, naphthyl, and substituted naphthyl;R.sub.3 =aryl, substituted aryl, hydrogen, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, alkyl, heterocycle and substituted heterocycle;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a ring;R.sub.4 =hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, heterocycle; alkyl, substituted alkyl; or, R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 may form a ring;X=>C.dbd.O, --CH.sub.2 --;Y=--S--CHR.sub.4 --, --O--OHR.sub.4 --, --CHR.sub.4 --, --CR.sub.6 R.sub.7 --CHR.sub.

Abstract: In one of its embodiments this invention provides a process for recovering C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acid components contained in a waste byproduct stream derived from a reaction system in which adipic acid is produced by nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol.An important aspect of the process is the esterification and extraction of the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids in the aqueous byproduct stream with a mixture of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanol and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkanol, and the subsequent recovery of di(C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl) esters of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid.In a broader aspect this invention provides a process for recovery of water miscible organic acid components contained in an aqueous solution as C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl esters of the organic acids.

Abstract: A method of preparation and/or purification of acid anhydrides is disclosed. Dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acids contained in the anhydrides to be treated, are dehydrated in an organic solvent in the presence of activated carbon.

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of alkanols and/or ethers at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a Group VIII metal compound and pentachlorobenzenethiol and/or salts thereof, using a pentachlorobenzenethiol compound: Group VIII metal compound molar ratio of not more than 10. The process is of special interest for the production of methyl acetate from methanol using an active, iodine-free catalytic system.