Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining an aroma concentrate that is enriched in lactones. The present invention is particularly concerned with a process for concentrating lactones from a distillate obtained by the distillative deacidification of a fat composition rich in lauric acid residues, said distillate containing at least 0.1 wt. % of lactones having 6-20 carbon atoms, by subjecting the distillate or a fraction thereof to a fractional distillation so as to obtain a fraction containing at least 1 wt. % of lactones having 6-20 carbon atoms.The present invention offers a commercially and technically attractive route for obtaining natural lactones.Other aspects of the present invention are a lactone concentrate obtainable by the above process, the use of such a concentrate for flavoring food products and to food products flavored by such a lactone concentrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optically active substance represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 1 to 14, Y is ##STR2## R is --C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, --OC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, --OCOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 or --COOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 (in which n is an integer of 1 to 18), each of the asterisked carbon atoms is an asymmetric carbon atom, X a single bond, --CO.sub.2 --, or --OCO--, and A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano or methoxy.

Abstract: This invention encompasses novel analogs of Leukotriene B.sub.4 which are selected from a compound of formula I, B--C.apprxeq.C--CH.sub.2 C(M.sub.2)--C.apprxeq.C--Y--C(M.sub.1)--A, or formula II, B--C.apprxeq.C--CH.sub.2 C(M.sub.2)--C.apprxeq.C--P--R.sub.5 --A: wherein Y is: ##STR1## wherein P is: ##STR2## Patentable intermediates, process for making the novel analogs and intermediates and preparation of useful pharmacological agents comprising the analogs and intermediates are part of this invention.

Abstract: A method for converting 1,4 and 1,5 aliphatic saturated diols to lactones is disclosed wherein the diol is reacted with a chemical oxidizing agent and a ruthenium containing catalyst at temperatures substantially less than 200.degree. C. The reaction proceeds quickly and produces high yields of the desired product.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.2 contains certain aryls or heteroaryls are effective leukotriene inhibitors.

Abstract: A method for producing a lactone by hydrogenating a dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid ester in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the hydrogenation reaction is conducted in the liquid phase in the presence of (1) ruthenium, (2) an organic phosphine and (3) a compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of Groups IVA, VA and IIIB in the Periodic Table.According to the present invention, for the production of a lactone by hydrogenating a dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic ester, the reaction is conducted in a homogeneous liquid phase reaction by using the ruthenium,organic phosphine and compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of Groups IVA, VA and IIIB, of the present invention as the catalyst, whereby the desired lactone product can be obtained at high selectivity under a mild condition as compared with the conventional methods.

Abstract: Caprolactone is prepared by a process in which a 6-hydroxycaproic ester in vapor form is passed, together with an inert carrier gas, at from 150.degree. to 450.degree. C., over a fixed-bed or fluidized-bed oxidic catalyst.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention comprise substituted phenolic thioethers, sulfoxides, and disulfides that are specific inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and which, therefore, are useful in the treatment of local and systemic inflammation, allergy and hypersensitivity reactions and other disorders in which agents formed in the 5-lipoxygenase metablic pathway are involved.

Abstract: Aldehydes and ketones, other than acetone, are oxidized with an alkali metal perborate in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## are described which are useful to inhibit the formation of serum cholesterol by virtue of their ability to inhibit .beta.-hydroxy-.beta.-methylglutaryl-CoA(HMG CoA), the rate-controlling substance in the synthesis of serum cholesterol.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of lactones, having 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the ring by reacting a higher alkenol with a carbon monoxide containing gas in the presence of a catalytic system comprising(a) a palladium compound,(b) a bidentate phosphine, arsine and/or stibine, and(c) a protonic acid having a pK.sub.a <2.

Abstract: Synthesis of vinyl lactones by means of palladium catalyzed coupling of vinylic halides or triflates and certain unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: This invention provides process embodiments for shape-selective oxidation of cyclic ketones to lactone and/or omega-hydroxycarboxylic acid products in the presence of a zeolite catalyst composition such as ZSM-5 or zeolite Beta.Cyclohexanone can be converted to epsilon-caprolactone or 6-hydroxycaproic acid as a main product under selected conditions.

Abstract: (2R,3S,4R)-(+)- and (2S,3R,4S)-(-)-2,4-dimethyl-3-tetrahydropyranyloxy-1-heptanols which are important intermediates for synthesis of invictolide, one component of a queen recognition peromone of red imported fire ant.

Abstract: New tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which G is H.sub.2 or .dbd.O, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, it also being possible for one or two CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms, or are F, Cl, Br or CN, R.sup.2 is also H, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl groups which are unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 F atoms, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, or a single bond, m and n are each 0, 1, 2 or 3, but (m+n) is at least 1 and at most 3, it being possible, when m is 2 or 3, for the group A.sup.1 and, when n is 2 or 3, for the groups A.sup.2 each to be identical or different from one another, and the acid addition salts of those among these compounds which are basic, are suitable for use as components in liquid-crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen, formyl or an alkanoyl group of two to twenty-five carbon atoms and R' represents an alkyl group of one to thirty-five carbon atoms are of value as mosquito attractants, mosquitoes being attracted to a location where they and/or their eggs or larvae are then destroyed.

Abstract: Novel antihypercholesterolemic compounds of structure (I) or (II), ##STR1## pharmaceutically acceptable salts, thereof and a novel process for preparing compounds of structure I, are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-.delta.-valerolactone which comprises carrying out the addition reaction of hydrogen bromide and 2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid in the presence or absence of a catalyst to synthesize 2,2-dimethyl-5-bromovaleric acid which is then subjected to ring-closure reaction by alkali treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing N-protected-.alpha.L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, which comprises esterifying L-phenylalanine with methanol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, adding, to the resulting solution, an aqueous alkaline solution to neutralize the acid catalyst and a water-immiscible organic solvent to extract the free L-phenylalanine methyl ester thus formed, collecting the organic layer, and reacting the L-phenylalanine methyl ester dissolved in said collected organic layer with N-protected-L-aspartic anhydride.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of hydroformylating 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and analogs thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium compound free from modification by a ligand containing an element belonging to the group V of the periodic table as well as a method of producing 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol and .beta.-methyl-.delta.-valerolactone using such hydroformylation product.

Abstract: Lactones are produced by reacting an unsaturated alcohol capable of intramolecular esterification to form a lactone ring with carbon monoxide in the presence of a protonic acid and a catalyst comprising (a) at least one of the metals palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and cobalt, and (b) at least one of the metals copper, molybdenum and iron, the metals (a) and (b) being in the form of either the elemental metal or a compound thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1-3; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl or aryl lower alkyl wherein when aryl is phenyl it is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or more halo, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy groups; and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, trialkylsilyl, aryl or aryl lower alkyl wherein when aryl is phenyl it is unsubstituted or independently substituted by one or more halo, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy groups; excluding those compounds wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen and R.sup.4 is ethyl, propyl or butyl. These compounds are useful as protease inhibitors.

Abstract: A group of retinoids having "vitamin A type" activity which have the structure ##STR1## wherein R3 is a trimethylcyclohexenylethylene, tetramethyltetrahydronaphthalene or methoxytrimethylphenylethylene group;R1 and R2 which are different are selected from --OH, --OR4 and --NHR, provided one of R1 and R2 is OH; R4 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons; and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, alkylhydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl and carboxyphenyl, and R5 is a lactone or lactam of the structure ##STR2## and X is oxygen or NR where R is as above, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing .beta.-acylenamine by condensing an oxime sulfonate with silyl enol ether in the presence of reagent, particularly the oxime sulfonate being represented by the following general formula.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein u represents hydrogen, carboxamido, N-hydroxycarboxamido, carboxy, azido, an aryl, an acylamino, a protected carboxy or an N-alkoxycarboxamido, or, together with v, can represent --S-- or --CH.sub.2 S--; v represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano or an alkylthio, or, together with u, can represent --S-- or --CH.sub.2 S--, or, together with w, can represent --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CO--; w represents hydrogen, carboamoyl, cyano, carboxy, an N-alkylcarbamoyl, an alkyl, an aryl, a protected carboxy or a heterocycle, or, together with v, can represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a single bond or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; Y is a single bond or --CH.sub.2 -with the proviso that both X and Y are not a single bond, and Z is H or alkyl; each R is H, hydroxy, oxo, methylene, alkyl or alkoxy, or one pair of adjacent R groups form a carbon-carbon bond; and R.sup.1 is H or alkyl, are useful as herbicides or plant growth regulators.

Abstract: Compounds which themselves are antibacterially active and/or which are useful as intermediates for producing antibacterially active materials such as penicillins and cephalosporins are obtained by the following syntheses:Benzyl-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylidene)-2(N-formyl-1)-aminoacetate to benzyl-2,2-dimethylspiro-[1,3-dioxane-5,5'-1',3-thiazoline]-4'-carboxylate to benzyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylidene)-2[N-(methylthiomethylene)-amino] acetate to benzyl 2-(trans-3-azido-4-methylthio-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diox an-5-ylidene) acetate to benzyl 2(trans-3-benzoylamino-4-methylthio-1-azetidinyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diox an-5-ylidene) acetate to either (1) benzyl 2-(7-oxo-3-phenyl-4-oxa-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl)-2-(2,2-dime thyl-1.3-dioxan-5-ylidene)acetate or (2) benzyl 2-(trans-3-benzoylamino-4-chloro-1-azetidinyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan- 5-ylidene) acetate and then to the product benzyl-7-benzoylamino-1-dethia-1-oxa-3-hydroxymethyl-cephem-4-carboxylate.

Abstract: There is provided a one-step process for the production of diols.There is provided a process for the conversion of diols in a one-step reaction to polyesters and to lactones, wherein the diols are reacted in the presence of a Group VIII (of the Periodic Table) catalyst with an oxidizing agent, i.e. an agent adapted to remove hydrogen from the reactants, the process being carried out at elevated temperatures. According to a specific embodiment diols having a certain number of carbons are directly converted to lactones, while another embodiment provides for the conversion of but-2-yne-1, 4-diol to butyrolactone.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY--(Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lactone reaction product comprising reacting an alkenyl-succinic acid under substantially anhydrous conditions at elevated temperature ranging up to about 100.degree. in the presence of an .alpha. carbon halogen substituted acetic acid. The .alpha. carbon halogen substituted acetic acid may have from one to three halogen substituents and has a pKa of less than 3.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing chlorolactones by reacting, within an ahydrous organic solvent, a metal N-chlorosulfonamidate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl radical, Ar is a mono- or polycyclic divalent aromatic radical and M is an alkali metal, with a substantially stoichiometrical proportion of an aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acid having at least one double bond separated from the COOH group by at least 2 carbon atoms, in the presence of a substantially stoichiometrical amount of a strong acid whose conjugate base is weakly nucleophilic.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 2-ethylidenehept-6-en-5-olide which comprises reacting in a liquid medium 1,3-butadiene with carbon dioxide in the presence of a palladium complex catalyst and a tertiary amine.

Abstract: Novel intermediates for production of insecticidal cis-3-(2,2-disubstituted-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates, processes for preparing the intermediates, and processes for preparing the final product insecticides via a novel bicyclic lactone intermediate are described and exemplified.

Abstract: A process for the production of carboxyl compounds such as caprolactones, in which the corresponding carbonyl compounds are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst in a substantially anhydrous liquid medium. The water formed by the reaction and any water introduced into the reaction mixture are removed from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: Novel intermediates for production of insecticidal cis-3-(2,2-disubstituted-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates, processes for preparing the intermediates, and processes for preparing the final product insecticides via a novel bicyclic lactone intermediate are described and exemplified.

Abstract: Processes for producing a (1.alpha., 4.alpha., 5.alpha.)-6,6-dimethyl-4-halo-substituted-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan- 2-one and its novel intermediates from known and inexpensive starting materials are described and exemplified. The halomethyl bicyclic lactone is a useful intermediate for the preparation of insecticidal cis-3-(2,2-dihaloethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates or cis-3-(2-halo-2-trihalomethylethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates .