Abstract: The present invention relates to lipid compounds of the general formula (I): wherein—n=0-2, —R1 and R2 are the same or different and may be selected from a group of substituents consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, and an alkoxy group; -, X is COR3 or CH2OR4, wherein —R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, and amino, —wherein X further comprises carboxylic acid derivatives when R3 is hydroxy and —R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl or acyl, —Y is a C9 to C21 alkene with one or more double bonds with E or Z configuration; or any pharmaceutically acceptable complex, solvate or pro-drug thereof. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such lipid compounds, and to such lipid compounds for use as medicaments or for diagnostic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of isomerization inhibitors in olefin metathesis reactions. The inhibitors are low molecular weight organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and the like.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I) with or without the double bond illustrated by the dotted line. In formula (I), X is a CHO, CH2OH, CH2OC(O)R or CH(OR)2 group, and R represents a linear or branched C1-C5 alkyl or alkenyl chain. The synthesis method for the compound, and especially the 6,8-dimethyl-non-7-enal (1) prepared by the hydroformylation of the 5,7-dimethyl-octa-1,6-diene is also disclosed, as well as compositions containing the compounds of formula (I). Due to the odorant properties thereof, the compounds are highly useful in perfumery, especially for cosmetic products and household products.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electropolymerizable monomer, intended to be polymerized in aqueous solution, comprising a single electropolymerizable unit and an electron-donating group, characterized in that it also comprises at least one arm ionizable in aqueous solution. The invention also relates to the polymerization process, to the electroactive probe thus obtained and to the method for the detection of a target ligand in a biological sample.

Abstract: A process for preparing tertiary alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, comprising the steps of: (1) reacting (meth)acrylic acid with at least one olefin of the general formula I: in which R1 and R2 are an alkyl radical, and R3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, an aryl radical, an alkylcycloalkyl radical, an alkylaryl radical, a cycloalkylaryl radical, or an alkylcycloalkylaryl radical; in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst in a reactor, (2) discharging the resulting reaction mixture (1) from the reactor, (3) separating the discharged reaction mixture (2) into a mixture (3.1) which comprises the catalyst and a mixture (3.2) which comprises the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and (4) removing the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical from the mixture (3.

Abstract: A composition adapted for use in an in-situ coating process for coating an optical surface for ophthalmic applications. A coating composition according to the present invention includes at least one multifunctional acrylate compound which is cured onto a heated surface with controlled coating distribution in an ophthalmic injection mold. For example, the composition may include an acrylic base cured with an initiator, e.g., t-butyl perbenzoate, and may further include at least one catalyst and at least one metal salt. An acrylic base according to the present invention may include a combination of monofunctional and/or multifunctional acrylate and/or methacrylate compounds.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds of the formula (II), wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein, react in the presence of an amine with carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (II), wherein R3 and EWG are also as defined herein, to give ?,?-unsaturated compounds of the formula (I) according to the following scheme: It is possible under mild reaction conditions to obtain unsaturated esters with high (E) stereoselectivity. The reaction typically proceeds at room temperature or lower without particular requirements such as inert gas, exclusion of moisture, heat, etc., being made. The only by-products obtained are CO2 and water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position. Additionally, a composition is disclosed that comprises: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorine-containing polymer having: (A) a repeating unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer which is represented by the following formula: CH2?C(—X)—C(?O)—Y—[—(CH2)m-Z-]p—(CH2)n—Rf ??(I) (B) a repeating unit derived from a monomer containing no fluorine atom, and if necessary (C) a repeating unit derived from a crosslinkable monomer. This fluorine containing polymer has excellent water repellency, oil repellency and antifouling property.

Abstract: A flavor or fragrance composition containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylalkanoic acids, 4-methylalk-3-enoic acids and/or their esters of formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the same meaning as given in the description is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing an organic target compound by heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of an organic precursor compound with molecular oxygen in two oxidation reactor lines operated in parallel and removal of the target compound from the mixture of the product gas streams in a workup line, wherein the catalyst charge of one of the oxidation lines comprises a portion of catalyst over which the heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation has already been carried out for longer than over the portions of catalyst of the catalyst charge of the other oxidation reactor line.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for preparing fluoroalcohol-substituted (meth)acrylate esters. This invention also relates to block copolymers incorporating repeat units derived from fluoroalcohol-substituted (meth)acrylate esters, and photoresists derived therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the novel compounds of the general formula wherein R represents hydrogen or a straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon moiety consisting of less than 15, preferably less than 10, most preferably less than 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one oxygen atom and single and/or double bonds.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters by transesterification of (meth)acrylic acid esters of the formula I: where R1 is H or CH3 and R2 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, with alkanols which have four or more esterifiable hydroxyl groups, characterized in that 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total reaction mixture, of lithium amide catalysts are used as transesterification catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of producing an N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate containing a small amount of low boiling components, especially, containing a small amount of raw components, without any complicated operations or special apparatuses. The method of producing an N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate comprising the steps of: (A) performing the reaction between the (meth)acrylic acid ester and the N-alkylaminoalkyl alcohol in a presence of a catalyst to obtain a reaction solution containing the N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate; (B) distilling out components which have lower boiling points than the N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate from the reaction solution obtained by the step (A); and (C) distilling the N-alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate; and further comprising the step of: (D) adjusting water concentration at a range from 0.01 to 1 wt %. in the reaction solution which is located after the step (A) and before the step (C).

Abstract: The invention concerns a improved method for making linear, branched or cyclic C1-C15 alkyl(meth)acrylates, by direct esterification of (meth)acrylic acid with a corresponding alcohol, said reaction being catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The method includes a step of hydrolyzing the neutralizing aqueous flow followed by extraction of the residual (meth)acrylic acid with solvent consisting entirely or partly of the alcohol used in the reaction. The invention enables organic pollution (COD) released in the final aqueous effluents of the process to be reduced, as well as productivity to be increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer compound which can constitute a photoresist composition which is capable of having an excellent resolution, forming a fine pattern with a good rectangularity, obtaining favorable resist characteristics even when acid strength of a acid generated from an acid generator is weak, and having favorable sensitivity; a photoresist composition including the polymer compound; and a resist pattern formation method using the photoresist composition.

Abstract: An energy-curable polymer-forming composition for making a pressure sensitive adhesive includes an unsaturated oligomer resin and an adhesive promoter which increases the peel strength of the adhesive without reducing its tack. The composition also includes a tackifier and various other optional components such as photoinitiator, chain extender, reactive diluent and the like.

Abstract: A chemical agent of the diterpene family obtained from a member of the Euphorbiaceae family of plants for use in the treatment of prophylaxis of prostate cancer or a related cancer or condition.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: A wax-tethered photoinitiator that is a photoinitiator compound including a wax chain therein, wherein the photoinitiator compound is activated by ultraviolet radiation, and method of making the same is described. The wax-tethered photoinitiator may be used in a curable wax composition for incorporation into a toner. The wax-tethered photoinitiator exhibits an affinity for the wax phase, thereby insuring its presence in the wax for the initiation of curing thereof.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester, which has both radical polymerizability and cation polymerizability, improved in storage stability and stability in handling without impairing its polymerizability or, in other words, provide a stabilized vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester. Another object is to provide a method of producing a stabilized vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester composition. A further object is to provide a method of stably handing, a method of economically and stably producing and a method of purifying a vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic ester.

Abstract: A process for rectificatively separating liquids containing (meth)acrylic monomers in a rectification column is provided, in which a stream is withdrawn from the rectification column and recycled into the rectification column as a molecular oxygen-enriched liquid phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of C1-C4 alkyl (meth)acrylates by a direct esterification of (meth)acrylic acid by the corresponding alcohol in the presence of sulphuric acid, phenothiazine being used as polymerization inhibitor. The said process comprises a stage of recovering in value the heavy byproducts generated during this manufacture which consists of a distillation at a relatively low temperature and under an inert atmosphere, followed by a catalytic cracking under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention provides alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors to fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters. The fluoroalkanol-substituted ?,?-unsaturated esters are olefins that can be readily polymerized to provide fluoroalkanol-substituted polymers useful in lithographic photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for synthesizing the alkene fluoroalkanol and fluorinated polyol precursors.

Abstract: Processes for preparing diacryl-functional compounds are provided. Processes include reacting AB2 monomers with acryloyl halides, and then further reacting with long-chain, mono-functional aliphatic compounds to form long-chain diacrylates.

Abstract: Composition comprising a polymerizable compound with at least one conjugated unsaturated group and methylene blue to prevent premature polymerization of the polymerizable compound. The methylene blue is present in a concentration of 10 to 5000 ppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid esters IV by means of transesterification of a (meth)acrylic acid ester I with an alcohol R2OH comprising at least one more carbon atom than the alcohol constituents (R1O—) in the (meth)acrylic acid ester I to be subjected to transesterification, in the presence of a catalyst or a catalyst mixture. Either essentially the (meth)acrylic acid ester I is separated and then the catalyst used is separated by distillation (catalyst separation), or the catalyst used is separated by distillation first (catalyst separation), and then essentially the (meth)acrylic acid ester I is separated, from the reaction product of the transesterification. Constituents from the mixture obtained, which have a lower boiling point than the (meth)acrylic acid ester IV, are essentially separated by distillation (separation of constituents at low boiling point), and the (meth)acrylic acid ester IV is then purified by distillation (purification by distillation).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for inhibition of polymerization of a (meth)acrylate ester, which has an extremely higher effect of inhibition of polymerization than in cases where conventional polymerization inhibitors are used. In the process for inhibition of polymerization of a (meth)acrylate ester; an N-oxyl compound and at least one member selected from the group consisting of manganese salt compounds, copper salt compounds, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine compounds, and nitroso compounds are used together as polymerization inhibitors, and further an acid is used.

Abstract: An unsaturated monocarboxylic ester compound has at least two structures represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a furyl group. A curable composition comprises (A) the unsaturated monocarboxylic ester compound having two or more structures represented by the general formula (1) mentioned above, (B) a polymerization initiator, and optionally (C) a diluent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for inhibiting polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and its esters using a polymerization inhibitor which comprises at least one reduced halide-content azine dye-based compound. A process for producing reduced halide-content azine dye-based compounds using ion exchange resin technology is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metallic copper catalyst for use in an ethylene addition reaction to polyfluoroalkyl iodides, a process for efficiently producing a polyfluoroalkylethyl iodide using such a metal copper catalyst in an ethylene addition reaction to a polyfluoroalkyl iodide, and a process for efficiently producing a polyfluoroalkylethyl iodide from a polyfluoroalkyl iodide using the same metallic copper catalyst in a telomerization reaction and a subsequent ethylene addition reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorine-containing 2,4-diol represented by the formula [4], wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 7; R2 represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 7; and R1 and R2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring, includes reducing a hydroxy ketone represented by the formula [3], wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above, by hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst.

Abstract: Polymerizable fluorinated ester compounds having formula (1) or (2) are novel wherein R1 is H, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R2 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, R3 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R2 and R3, taken together, may form a ring, R4 is H, OH or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and R5 is an acid labile group.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Novel benzoate, octanoate, and maleate esters of branched monomethyl C16–C17 alcohols, their process of manufacture and their use as a cosmetic ingredient for toiletry and cosmetic formulations is disclosed. The esters are useful for cosmetics and personal care cleansing products, such as skin and hair care products, and soaps.

Abstract: An acrylate compound of formula (4): is produced by allowing an acrylic acid compound of formula (1): to react with an unsaturated compound of formula (2) or (3): In formulae (1) through (4), R1 and R2 are H or F, R3 is H, F, or an alkyl, alkenyl, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkenyl group, R4 and R5 are H, halogen, or an alkyl, alkenyl, halogenated alkyl or halogenated alkenyl group; and X and Y are an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon group, and dashed line - - - means that X and Y may be bonded together to form a cyclic structure.

Abstract: There is provided a process for purifying (meth)acrylic acid by efficiently removing transition metal components from crude (meth)acrylic acid containing the transition metal components as impurities. When the crude (meth)acrylic acid containing the transition metal components as impurities is contacted with the cation exchange resin to remove the transition metal components therefrom, water is previously added to the crude (meth)acrylic acid prior to contacting the crude (meth)acrylic acid with the cation exchange resin. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transition metal component is manganese.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to base-labile crosslinkers. A second aspect of the present invention relates to degradable crosslinked polymers and hydrogels comprising a base-labile crosslinker. The present invention also relates to a method of influencing the degradation rate of a crosslinked polymer or hydrogel, comprising the step of incorporating uncharged acrylamides into the crosslinked polymer or hydrogel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylate monomer of Formula 1 Dtp-COO—(CH2)n—O—CO—CH?CH2 wherein Dtp is a diterpene group derived from a resin acid and n is a number from 2–4 as well as a process for the preparation thereof. The resin acid is in particular abietic acid or an isomer thereof. These monomers and the prepolymers and polymers derived therefrom can be used as biodegradable adhesives for materials such as metal, plastic, glass, paper and wood, in particular as construction adhesive.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preventing clogging in an apparatus for handling (meth)acrylic acid or esters thereof which is capable of inhibiting occurrence of clogging in nozzles or conduits connected to a gas-phase portion of the apparatus and ensuring a stable continuous operation of the apparatus for a long period of time. The method for preventing clogging in an apparatus for handling (meth)acrylic acid or esters thereof, comprises blowing a gas having a polymerization inhibiting action into a nozzle or conduit connected to a gas-phase portion of the apparatus, wherein said gas having a polymerization inhibiting action, which is blown into the nozzle or conduit, has a temperature not less than a temperature of the gas-phase portion.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel ester compound and the use thereof as a sex attractant.

Abstract: A process for preparing and/or working up mixtures by (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrylic ester in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor and at least one oxygenous gas, which comprises metering in at least part of the oxygenous gas at an exit rate of at least 50 mm/s.

Abstract: There is provided a method for storing (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic esters in a storage tank for receiving or discharging the (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic esters, which is capable of storing the (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic esters for a long period of time. According to the method of the present invention, upon storing the (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic esters in the storage tank for receiving or discharging the (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic esters, a concentration of suspended particulate matters contained in a gas phase portion of the storage tank is controlled to not more than 0.01 mg/m3.

Abstract: A catalyst for ester production which comprises zirconium oxide, copper, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon oxide, and is obtainable by reducing with hydrogen a catalyst precursor prepared by the reaction of a salt containing at least one of metals constituting the oxides, a zirconium salt and a copper salt with an alkali hydroxide; and a process for producing an ester which comprises bringing either an alcohol or an alcohol and an aldehyde into contact with this catalyst in a gas phase.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a production method of a dehydration reaction product by which the occurrence of troubles in the production step or the degradation in performance characteristics or quality of various chemical products can be suppressed to a satisfactory extent. A production method of a dehydration reaction product which comprises a dehydration reaction step of subjecting a reaction solution containing a polymerizable compound to the dehydration reaction, said dehydration reaction step comprising using a dehydration reaction apparatus, said dehydration reaction apparatus comprising a reaction vessel, a condenser and a connecting pipe joining said reaction vessel with said condenser and satisfying the requirement: 0.05<(B3/A)<35 where A is a capacity (m3) of said reaction vessel and B is a total length (m) of said connecting pipe on the horizontal basis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position. Additionally, a composition is disclosed that comprises: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position.

Abstract: Compositions including a conjugate of ?-difluoromethylornithine can be applied topically to reduce hair growth.

Abstract: Compounds useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, are disclosed.