Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen, and a catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, benzene is oxidized to phenol in the presence of oxygen, a vanadium catalyst, and hydrogen. The method is economical, safe, and amenable to commercial scale-up.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1): 1

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-aralkyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (or its ester), comprising the steps of: reacting a 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-arylpropionic acid ester, easily obtained by the reaction of an arylaldehyde with an acrylic acid ester, with an acid anhydride to form a 2-aralkylidene-3-acyloxypropionic acid ester; subjecting the same to hydrolysis or alcoholysis; and reducing the resulting 2-aralkylidene-3-hydroxypropionic acid or its ester. The reduction step may be conducted in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Palladium-catalyzed arylation of an olefin (e.g., ethylene) with an aromatic halide (e.g., 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene, m-bromobenzophenone, or 4-isobutyl-1-bromobenzene) is conducted in specified media. After a special acid or base phase separation procedure, palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of the olefinically-substituted aromatic intermediate is conducted in specified media using CO and water or an alcohol to form arylalkylcarboxylic acid or ester or substituted arylalkylcarboxylic acid or ester (e.g., racemic 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid, 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid, or 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid). Catalyst recovery procedures enabling recycle of catalyst residues and efficient recovery of amine hydrogen halide scavenger and solvent used in the arylation reaction are described, as well as novel, highly efficient methods of conducting the carbonylation reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.-hydroxy acids by heating ammonium salts of .alpha.-hydroxy acids of general formula (I), removing the formed ammonia and water, adding water to the residue, and heating the obtained mixture, wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)thioalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), phenyl or the like. This process is freed from the problem of disposal of by-products such as ammonium bisulfate and makes it possible to prepare a free .alpha.-hydroxy acid from an ammonium salt thereof economically and in a high yield.

Abstract: The phenylalkan(en)oic acids of the formula: ##STR1## as defined herein, posses an antagonistic activity on leukotriene B.sub.4.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting parasitic activity is disclosed in which the biosynthesis, structure and/or function of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of said parasite may be affected by incorporating into said GPI anchor selected analogs of myristic acid containing various heteroatoms, substituents and unsaturated bonds, including ester-containing analogs, ketocarbonyl-containing analogs, sulfur-containing analogs, double bond- and triple bond-containing analogs, aromatic moiety-containing analogs, nitrated analogs and halogenated analogs.

Abstract: A surfactant, an emusifier for emulsion polymerization, a dispersant for suspension polymerization and a modifier for modification of resin properties are disclosed, each of these agents being comprised of a novel compound having a dibasic carboxyl group. The compound is represented by Formula (1)[X--O--(R.sup.1 O).sub.m --OC--R.sup.2 --COO].sub.y M (1)where M is a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or a quaternary nitrogen-containing group, y is equal to the valence of M, R.sup.1 is at least one hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is a moiety of a dibasic acid or a moiety of its anhydride, m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 1,000, and X is a hydrocarbon group having at least one polymerizable double bond of carbon--ncarbon which may contain an oxygen atom and a fluorine atom.

Abstract: Certain novel substituted (5,6)-dihydroanthracenyl compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A, n, p, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are as defined in the specification exhibit retinoid-like properties and are particularly useful in the prevention of post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-(pyrid-2-yloxymethyl)phenylacetates of formula (I) useful as intermediates for agricultural pesticides, which comprises reacting a 2-pyridine of formula (II), wherein L is a leaving group and A, D and m are as defined in the description with a compound MO--CH.sub.2 R where M is a metal atom and R is the residue of a metal salt of phenylacetic acid. It also includes the compounds MO--CH.sub.2 R, a process for their preparation and a "one-pot" process for the preparation of 2-(pyrid-2-yloxymethyl) phenylacetates from 3-isochromanone.

Abstract: We proposed a novel compound having an activity of PGI.sub.2 receptor agonist.A phenoxyacetic acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## A is --C(R.sup.1).dbd.N.about.OR.sup.2, --CH(R)NH--OR.sup.2, --COE, --SO.sub.2 E, --CH.sub.2 --NR.sup.3 --Y, --Z--NR.sup.3 --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --CH.sub.2 --OR.sup.6, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.6, --CH.sub.2 --O.about.N.dbd.CR.sup.7 R.sup.8, --CH.sub.2 --O--NHCHR.sup.7 R.sup.8, substituted by imidazolyl(methyl), pyrazolylmethyl, oxazolyl(methyl), thioxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolylmethyl;T is alkylene, alkenylene, etc.;D is --CO.sub.2 R.sup.10, --CONR.sup.11 R.sup.12 ;E is (substitution) amino, hydradino;Y is substituted (thio) carbonyl, substituted sulfonyl;Z is --CH.dbd.N--, --CH.sub.2 NR.sup.3 --;R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.10 --R.sup.13 is each H or alkyl, etc.;R.sup.2, R.sup.4 --R.sup.9 is each H, alkyl or alkyl substituted by phenyl or hetero ring ,etc. and non-toxic salts thereof, non-toxic acid addition salts thereof, possess an agonistic on PGI.sub.

Abstract: Cyano and carboxy derivatives of substituted styrenes are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor .alpha., nuclear factor .kappa.B, and phosphodiesterase and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, retrovirus replication, asthma, and inflammatory conditions. A typical embodiment is 3,3-bis-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where W is (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 1 or 2, or n is 0 and W represents lower alkyl groups attached to each oxygen;m is an integer between 1 and 8;R.sub.1 is COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.4, CONR.sub.5 R.sub.6, CONR.sub.5 SO.sub.2 R.sub.7, CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 O--COR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 O--CONR.sub.5,R.sub.7, CH.sub.2 OCOOR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, etc. where R.sub.4 is an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group, or R.sub.4 is phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently are hydrogen, an alkyl group, etc., R.sub.7 is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.8 is lower alkyl, and R.sub.9 is divalent alkyl radical of 2-5 carbons, R.sub.10 is an alkyl OR cycloalkyl containing 1 to 5 carbons;R.sub.2 is H, COR.sub.7, R.sub.7, CO--OR.sub.7, CO--NR.sub.5,R.sub.7, PO(OH)OR.sub.7, PO(OR.sub.7).sub.2, POR.sub.7 OH, or POR.sub.7 (OR.sub.7) ;R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4,4-(disubstituted)cyclohexan-1-carboxylate monomers and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their use in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).

Abstract: This invention relates to canvanine analogs, their pharmaceutical compositions, and a method for treatment of cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivatives which involves reacting chlorinated aromatic compounds and acrylic acid derivatives in the presence of palladium catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula ##STR1## which inhibit squalene synthetase and cholesterol biosynthesis and are useful in the treatment of e.g., hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, or fungal infections, processes for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, intermediates useful in these processes, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain 1,4,4-(trsubstituted)cyclohex-1-ene dimers and rlated compounds which are useful in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dimers of 4.4-(disubstituted)cyclohexan-1-ol dimers and delated compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their use in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).

Abstract: A radiographic imaging agent including a plurality of block copolymers forming a micelle, the block copolymers including a hydrophilic polymer linked to a hydrophobic polymer, and the hydrophobic polymer including a backbone incorporating radiopaque molecules via covalent bonds.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active polyaromatic propynyl compounds have the structural formula (1): ##STR1## in which X is one of the radicals: ##STR2## and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.

Abstract: Catechol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ra, Rb and Rc have the significance given herein. the ester and ether derivatives thereof which are hydrolyzable under physiological conditions and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are described and possess valuable pharmacological properties. In particular, they inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a soluble, magnesium-dependent enzyme which catalyses the transference of the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine to a catechol substrate, whereby the corresponding methyl ethers are formed. Suitable substrates which can be O-methylated by COMT and which can thus be deactivated are, for example, extraneuronal catecholamines and exogeneously-administered therapeutically active substances having a catechol structure.Formula Ia above embraces not only compounds which form part of the invention, but also known compounds: the compounds which form part of the invention can be prepared according to known methods.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of phenyl compounds, which are linked to an aryl moiety by various linkages, for inhibiting tumor necrosis factor. The invention is also directed to the compounds, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds. Furthermore, this invention is directed to the pharmaceutical use of the compounds for inhibiting cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Abstract: Disclosed are 9-deoxyprostaglandins which are useful in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Some of these 9-deoxyprostaglandins are novel. Also disclosed are ophthalmic, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such prostaglandins.

Abstract: .beta.-phenylisiserine-(2R,3S), salts and preparation thereof through the action of ammonia on .beta.-phenylglycidic-(2R,3R) acid and its use in the preparation of taxane derivatives of general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or --COCH.sub.3 ;and R.sub.1 is phenyl or --O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4-substituted isoxazole derivatives of formula I: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, Q and n have the meaning defined in the description which possess valuable herbicidal properties.

Abstract: Novel organic compounds and metal ion-containing amino acid chelates are described which are useful in solid phase synthesis of polypeptides and as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancing agents. The present invention also relates to a convenient and straightforward method to synthesize a metal-ligating amino acid suitable as MRI enhancing agents or for introducing a strong metal binding site at any chosen position in a peptide. Some compounds are designed to be compatible with N-.alpha.-Fmoc peptide synthesis strategy, and can easily be prepared on large scale. Thus, flexible linkers of different lengths and containing various structures can be placed between the .alpha.-carbon backbone of peptides and metal binding moieties. These peptides will provide a variety of affinity cleaving reagents which can be directed against protein or nucleic acid targets. Therefore, these molecules can serve as an important tool to study protein folding, protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Abstract: Amino acid-substituted benzoylguanidines, a process for their preparation, their use as a medicament or diagnostic agent and a medicament containing themBenzoylguanidines of the formula I ##STR1## in which the radicals R(1) to R(5) have the meanings given in the description, are described. They are prepared by reacting a compound of the formula II ##STR2## in which R(1) to R(5) and L have the meanings given in the description, with guanidine. The compound I is suitable for the preparation of cardiovascular medicaments.

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A, X, Y, Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in the description.This compound or its physiologically tolerable salts may be used therapeutically as platelet anti-aggregation agent.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging agent including a plurality of block copolymers forming a micelle, the block copolymers including a hydrophilic polymer linked to a hydrophobic polymer, and the hydrophobic polymer including a backbone incorporating radiopaque molecules via covalent bonds.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of cinnamate compounds, particularly sunscreen agents, useful in cosmetic skin and hair care formulations. The process comprises: (a) dissolving a water insoluble C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy benzaldehyde and a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl acetate in a common hydrocarbon solvent; (b) reacting the resulting solution in the presence of a strong alkali metal-containing base under mild conditions to form a mixture containing the corresponding C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy cinnamate, the alkali metal salt of the enol corresponding to the C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy cinnamate, the alkali metal salt of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycinnamic acid, and a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanol; (c) acidifying the resulting mixture with from about 0.5 to about 1 mole of a strong polybasic acid per mole of base to release acetic acid, to convert the alkali metal salt of the C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A description is given of carrier-bound compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.15 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylthio, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 arylalkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, --COR.sub.6 or ##STR2## in which at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl, and, in addition, the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a benzo or cyclohexenyl ring,R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkyl which is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or >N--R.sub.9 ; or is C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 arylalkyl,R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of cyclic phenolic thioethers of the formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are inhibitors or stimulators of superoxide generation, and which may also inhibit cyclooxygenase and/or 5-lipoxygenase, to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds in combination with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, and to medical methods of treatment employing these compounds.

Abstract: There are described novel alkaline earth metal salts, transition metal salts and transition metal complexes of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.15 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylthio, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 arylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the aryl radical by from 1 to 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups; --CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, --COR.sub.6 or ##STR2## where at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl, in addition the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, R2 and R.sub.3, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel compound 4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trifluorobenzoic acid and to a process for preparing this novel substance by reacting 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid at elevated temperature with a basic compound dissolved and/or suspended in water, adding, if desired, a fluoride scavenger, bringing the resulting reaction mixture to a pH of 0 to 6 by addition of an acid, and isolating the 4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trifluorobenzoic acid formed.

Abstract: An adduct of cinnamic acid and glycerin represented by the following general structural formula (1); ##STR1## (In the general structural formula (1) above, G represents 1 mole of glycerin and e represents average mole number of addition and at least 1. R represents hydrogen or fatty chain. n and k are identified by that (n+k) is 1 to 3, and n and k are 0 to 3 respectively. X represents hydrogen, ion, fatty chain or Gm, and the G represents 1 mole of glycerin, m represents average number of addition and at least 1.), an ultraviolet ray absorbent and an external preparation for skin containing the same.The adduct of cinnamic acid and glycerin according to the present invention have excellent capability to absorb ultraviolet rays as well as high water solubility.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Preparation process for a hydroxyphenylacetic acid of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.dbd.H, alkyl or alkoxyl as well as its salts, in which the corresponding free or salified hydroxymandelic acid of formula (II): ##STR2## in which R has the meaning given previously and M.dbd.H, K or an ammonium group is reacted in an aqueous medium, at a temperature greater than or equal to 50.degree. C., with formic acid in the presence of catalytic quantities of an oxygenated derivative of sulphur having a degree of oxidation from 2 to 4, in order to obtain the hydroxyphenylacetic acid of formula (I) which is isolated or, if desired, is salified according to the usual methods and the hydroxyphenylacetic acid thus obtained.

Abstract: The invention describes new biphenyl dianhydrides, and new polyimides and copolyimides made from the dianhydrides. The synthesized polyimides exhibit significantly enhanced solubility when the biphenyl dianhydrides are substituted, particularly at the 2 and 2' positions on the phenyl rings.

Abstract: Certain novel biaryl compounds are effective phospholipase A.sub.2 (PLA.sub.2) inhibitors.

Abstract: A release tag reagent suitable for use in the chemical analysis of a substance to be detected, which substance contains reactive groups, such as for, but not limited to gas phase detection groups, which reagent comprises three covalently bonded groups: a signal group which on release provides a ketone signal compound to be detected, a release group which may be cleaved to release the ketone signal group, which release group contains, for example, a vic glycol or an olefin group and a reactivity group which is reactive with a reactive group of the substance to be detected.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group,by reacting a 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivative of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.9 stands for a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group, optionally monosubstituted by halogen andR.sub.10 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group orR.sub.9 and R.sub.10 together form a pentamethylene group,and an aldehyde or ketone of the general formula ##STR3## in the presence of formic acid.

Abstract: A ruthenium-phosphite complex having the formula ##STR1## wherein a is from 1 to 3; b is 1 or 2; c is from 0 to 3; and R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halo, amino, acetylamino, or sulfo; and X is ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl.This complex can be used to effect the reduction of unsaturated organic compounds or, when comprised of ligands having optical activity, can be used as the catalyst for effecting the asymmetric reduction of unsaturated organic compounds.

Abstract: Variously substituted 3,5-dihydroxy-6,8-nonadienoic acids and esters, are blood cholesterol lowering agents and so are useful in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.

Abstract: Process for obtaining an arylacetic acid of general formula (I):Ar--CHR--COOH (I)in which R=H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, Ar=2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-(2-methoxy naphthyl), 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl or phenyl of general formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 =H, OH or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.2 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or OH, as well as their alkali metal salts, by reaction in a solvent of the corresponding arylglycolic acid of general formula (III):Ar-CR(OH)--COOH (III)or one of its alkali metal salts with a hydrogen donor agent chosen from the group constituted by: formic acid, or one of its alkali metal salts, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, or one of their alkali metal salts, in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, which if desired is isolated or salified, and use for the preparation of certain acids of formula (I).

Abstract: Catechol compounds of formula I ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and X are as described herein are effective Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors.

Abstract: Alpha-(p-alkoxybenzylidene) carboxylic acids are used as color stabilizers, processing aids and whiteners for soap.

Abstract: Complexes containing S(+)-ibuprofen, method for the production of these complexes and pharmaceutical preparations containing these complexes are described.

Abstract: Coating composition comprising:A) an organic film-forming binder; andB) a corrosion-inhibiting amount of a water-insoluble salt of i) a carboxylic acid having the formula (I): ##STR1## and ii) a base selected from a) a cation of Group Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, VIa, VIIa or VIIIa of the Periodic Table of Elements, b) an amine of formula II: ##STR2## c) a guanidine of formula III:R.sub.7 --N.dbd.C(NH.sub.2).sub.2 IIId) an amidine of formula IV:R.sub.7 --C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2 IVor e) melamine.