Abstract: A peripheral component interconnect (PCI) adapter includes a PCI connector for connecting to a PCI slot of a motherboard, a first PCI expansion slots for connecting a first PCI card, a second PCI expansion slot for connecting a second PCI card, a detection control circuit connected to the first PCI expansion slot and the second PCI expansion slot, and an alarm circuit connected to the detection control circuit. The detection control circuit detects operation power of the first PCI card and the second PCI card, and controls the alarm circuit to report a fault alarm when the operation power of the first PCI card exceeds a threshold power of the first PCI expansion slot or the operation power of the second PCI card exceeds a threshold power of the second PCI expansion slot.

Abstract: A PCIe bus extension system, method, interface card and cable for connecting a PCIe-compliant peripheral device to a PCIe bus of a computer system. The interface card includes a printed circuit board, an edge connector adapted for insertion into a PCIe expansion slot on a motherboard of the computer system for transmitting PCIe signals between the motherboard and the interface card, an interface port configured to mate with a connector of the cable, and a logic integrated circuit on the printed circuit board, the logic integrated circuit functionally connecting the edge connector with the expansion slot and amplifying and propagating clock and data PCIe signals therebetween that are compliant with a PCIe standard. The interface card and cable lacks the capability of transmitting power therethrough to a PCIe-compliant peripheral device connected to the interface card through the interface port.

Abstract: A load card for testing different types of PCI slots is provided. The load card includes several gold fingers, and resistor selection circuits. Each gold finger corresponds to one PCI slot. Each resistor selection circuit includes a resistor to test at least one PCI slot working in one working voltage. When a PCI slot working at a working voltage is to be tested, the gold finger connects to the PCI slot, and the resistor selection circuit including the resistor to test the PCI slot working at the working voltage is enabled and others are disabled in response to an operation of the user.

Abstract: A USB-to-SDIO bridge (UTSB) to efficiently transmit SD/SDIO commands in USB packets. The UTSB may allow the majority of the device drivers for a given SD/SDIO device to remain intact, requiring changes only in the lowest hardware adaptation layer to put a USB wrapper around native SD commands. These commands may be sent over USB-to-SD card reader devices that may include various embodiments of a UTSB, where they may be unwrapped and transmitted to the SD port as if the port were native to the host controller. Additionally, the SD/SDIO commands may be packaged into groups of commands, or transactions, to optimize performance. The host driver may instruct the UTSB bridge device to repeatedly read data from the SDIO device until a communications FIFO on the device is empty (corresponding to a termination condition), and return the collected data to the host.

Abstract: A mechanism for integrating Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices is disclosed. A method of the invention includes retrieving an identifier of the USB device connected to a computer system, matching the identifier with a device identification stored in a systems library of the computer system. The systems library includes an application identifier corresponding to the device identification and an attribute corresponding to the application identifier. The method also includes executing instructions associated with attribute corresponding to the application identifier associated with the device identification matched to the identifier.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for displaying enabling the transmission, formatting, and display of multimedia data after a hot plug event during a start-up dead period. In particular, approaches for transmission, formatting, and display of multimedia data in the absence or non-operation of a hot plug detect system or signal, so that multimedia information can be displayed in a proper format even during the dead period when no hot plug detect signal is received.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes systems and techniques relating to customization of a bus adapter card. in some implementations, an apparatus includes a processor and a program memory, a bus adapter card coupled with the computing apparatus and configured to connect with a storage device, the bus adapter card computing a cache memory and a controller to cache in the cache memory data associated with the storage device, where the program memory includes a driver to communicate with the bus adapter card responsive to requests corresponding to the storage device, and the driver is configured to modify its communications with the bus adapter card responsive to information provided separate from the requests.

Abstract: Architectures and methods for performing big data analytics by providing an integrated storage/processing system containing non-volatile memory devices that form a large, non-volatile memory array and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured for general purpose (GPGPU) computing. The non-volatile memory array is directly functionally coupled (local) with the GPU and optionally mounted on the same board (on-board) as the GPU.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first connector configured to fit into a first socket in a processing system, the first connector and first socket conforming to a first standard, a second socket configured to accept a memory module therein, the second socket and the memory module conforming to a second standard, a memory buffer module communicatively coupled to the first connector and the second socket, the memory buffer module configured to receive signals associated with the first standard from the first connector and output signals associated with the second standard to the second socket, and a virtualization module communicatively coupled to the memory buffer module, the first connector, and the second socket, the virtualization module configured to receive first initialization data associated with the second standard from the second socket and output second initialization data associated with the first standard to the processing system.

Abstract: Maintenance guidance is provided so that maintenance work is carried out without distinguishing operating state replacement/non-operating state replacement, faulty component replacement/preventive maintenance replacement, or replacement/expansion, and that an operator can carry out maintenance work without operation errors. To achieve such maintenance guidance, there are included: a component selection screen display unit that displays a plurality of components which can be maintenance targets, to allow the operator to select a maintenance target component; a state determination unit that determines a power state or an installation state of the maintenance target component selected by the selection screen display unit; and an instruction screen display unit that gives an instruction to carry out maintenance work in accordance with the determination state determined by the state determination unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a transceiver device mounted on a printed circuit board and configured to selectively transmit and receive signals at a first data rate or signals at a second data rate. An X2 form factor pluggable connector disposed at one end of the printed circuit board includes first and second pins that respectively convey signals at the first and second data rates between the transceiver device and a system device. A port device disposed at an opposite end of the printed circuit board conveys signals between the transceiver device and a network device. A management circuit determines which of the first and second data rates is selected based on transmissions between the system device and the network device and controls the transceiver device to transmit and receive signal at the first data rate via the first pins and at the second data rate via the second pins.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus gives a user notice to prevent removal of a storage medium and provides a screen for determining whether the storage medium is removable. The apparatus controls display of the screen for manipulating substrate processing information and includes a part to which an external storage device is attached. The screen includes: a title panel displayed at an upper region of the screen; an information panel controlling or monitoring a task; and a navigation panel at a lower region of the screen. When the external storage device is attached to the part, an external storage device remove button is enabled by displaying the remove button on the navigation panel to indicate the external storage device is attached to the part. When the external storage device is not attached to the part, the remove button is disabled by displaying the remove button in a like color as the background.

Abstract: A card interface direction detection system includes a card. A power pin is mounted to the card and connected to a power source. A ground pin is mounted to the card and connected to a ground. A direction pin is mounted to the card. A controller is coupled to an information handling system (IHS) and that includes an in node and an out node that are each connected to the direction pin. The in node is directly connected to the direction pin and a resistor is located between the out node and the direction pin such that a signal sent through out node results in a signal received through the in node that allows the controller to detect whether the mode of operation of the card is supported by the IHS.

Abstract: A method for activating functions of at least one tachograph having a control unit and an interface. The control unit is activated by a program to perform a first group of functions. First, a connection of an external storage medium to the interface of the at least one tachograph is established. The storage medium has at least one instruction for activating a function, which can be read out by the control unit. An authentication between the external storage medium and the control unit also takes place. The function associated with the at least one instruction is activated in such a way that the function is associated with the first group of the control unit. Next, the connection between the external storage medium and the interface of the at least one tachograph is released.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data terminal with a connection structure of a universal serial bus (USB) interface. The structure includes: a USB interface, a guide rail element, an elastic element, and a limit element; a protrusion is disposed on at least one side of the USB interface; the guide rail element includes two vertical faces disposed opposite each other; the USB interface is located in an accommodating space formed by the two vertical faces; a guide rail is disposed on each vertical face in a hollow manner; the protrusion on the USB interface extends out of the accommodating space from the guide rail; and in the two vertical faces, a connection terminal is disposed on an outer side of at least a first vertical face.

Abstract: In a method for managing redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) cards and a server for executing the method, the server calculates a theoretical percentage of a load of each RAID card according to a number of the RAID cards, and loads an actual percentage of the load of each RAID card through a multi input output (MIO) interface, and detects peripheral component interconnect-express (PCI-E) bandwidth of each RAID card. When the load of each RAID card is unbalanced or the PCI-E bandwidth of the RAID card is saturated, the server transfers the load from a RAID card having a greater actual percentage of the load into a RAID card having a less actual percentage of the load, and transfers the load from a RAID card whose PCI-E bandwidth is saturated into a RAID card whose PCI-E bandwidth is unsaturated according to differential signals through the MIO interface.

Abstract: A method includes exchanging data between a chip card and a terminal in a contact-based manner via a contact field. The method comprises the steps of: activating a first contact assignment in response to a first communication protocol present on the contact field and occupying a first part of contact surfaces of the contact field; recognizing a change of the communication protocol from a first communication protocol to a second communication protocol with a protocol recognition unit in the chip card; and activating a second contact assignment in response to the recognized second communication protocol occupying a second part of contact surfaces of the contact field. The first and the second part of contact surfaces of the contact field are selected from an ISO-7816-2 contact field having a maximum of six contact surfaces and the second communication protocol requires at least two data lines.

Abstract: An A filler module may include, but is not limited to: a body portion; and at least one conductive portion receivable within a component port of a computing device. A method for initializing a computing system may include but is not limited to: detecting a presence or absence of one or more filler modules within one or more computing device component ports; and determining compliance with an allowed filler module configuration according to the detection of the presence or absence of the one or more filler modules withing the one or more computing device component ports. A system comprising: a computing device component port; and a processing device configured to: detect a presence or absence of one or more filler modules within one or more computing device component ports, and determine compliance with an allowed filler module configuration according to the detection of the presence or absence of the one or more filler modules within the one or more computing device component ports.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for transmitting and displaying video data after a hot plug event during a start-up dead period. In particular, hot plug events occurring when a toggleable hot plug detection mechanism is used.

Abstract: A packet switch appliance for connection to a packet switching network, the packet switch appliance has a motherboard that includes a processor, a network switch chip, and a connector. The packet switch appliance also includes a daughter board configured to be removably connected to the motherboard through the connector. The daughter board may include one or more of a network switch chip and a processor unit.

Abstract: A memory/storage module is provided that implements a solid state drive compatible with Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) or Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) signaling on a double-data-rate compatible socket. A detachable daughter card may be coupled to the memory module for converting a memory bus voltage to a second voltage for memory devices on the memory module. Additionally, a hybrid memory bus on a host system is provided that supports either DDR-compatible memory modules and/or SATA/SAS-compatible memory modules. In one example, the memory/storage module couples to a first bus (DDR3 compatible socket) to obtain voltage and/or other signals, but uses a second bus for data transfers. In another example, the memory module may repurpose/reuse electrical paths that typically carry non-data signals for data traffic to/from the memory/storage module. Such data traffic for the memory/storage module permits concurrent data traffic for other memory modules on the same memory bus.

Abstract: A daughter circuit board of an electronically commutated motor for interface signal conversion, having circuit units integrated on the daughter circuit and eight ports for communicating with a control system of a user terminal, the daughter circuit board being plugged into a motor controller for signal conversion so that the motor controller communicates with the control system of the user terminal. The eight ports include an input port of power supply, a port of mode selection, a signal port of PWM, a R/T port for data transmission between the daughter circuit board and the control system of the user terminal, a port of COM, a port for fault signal output, a port of power indication, and a port of speed feedback. The daughter circuit board is simple, easy to correspond with various control systems of user terminals, and accords to the latest electric standard thereby facilitating management and popularization.

Abstract: A memory card and a connection slot insertedly provided thereof are proposed. The memory card comprises a plurality of pin holes and the connection slot comprises a plurality of pin headers. The memory card may be inserted into the pin headers of the connection slot by means of the pin holes so as to transmit a specific transfer protocol specification between the memory card and the connection slot. When the pin holes of the memory card is inserted into the pin headers of the connection slot, the contact area between each of pin holes and each of corresponding pin headers can be wider so that the connection between them can be tight and stable, which results in high reliability in the contact between the memory card and the connection slot and thus improves the security in data transmission.

Abstract: Consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure a redriver circuit is provided for a first and a second serial-unidirectional communications channel. The redriver circuit conditions received data signals by adjusting signal properties to correct for signal level attenuation and noise. The conditioned data signals are transmitted to corresponding outputs of the channels. The redriver circuit disables, in response to a first enable signal being inactive, current drawing circuitry of components for both channels on a common side of the redriver. The redriver circuit disables, in response to a second enable signal being inactive, current drawing circuitry of components for both channels on the other side of the redriver.

Abstract: A system for the protection of an electric line for railway signals that comprises a computerized central apparatus (ACC) connected to a plurality of peripheral posts (PP). Each peripheral post comprises at least one plant-controller electronic card (CdE), which controls a plurality of plant-interface cards (IE) that supply the plants (E) directly, via a field bus (B1), on the basis of the commands received from the plant controller and acquire the control signals from the field sensors, transferring them to the controller.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a main circuit board includes a plurality of expansion slots that are operative to receive a corresponding plurality of expansion cards. The plurality of expansion slots include at least one first expansion slot configured at a first position on the main circuit board, that is operative to connect to at least one corresponding first expansion card. At least one second expansion slot configured at a second position on the main circuit board, and the second expansion slot is operative to connect to at least one corresponding second expansion card. The plurality of expansion cards includes at least one secondary expansion card that is different from the main circuit board and that is configured to be operatively coupled to at least one of the plurality of expansion slots. One or more particular expansion slots are selected for connecting one or more corresponding particular expansion cards, based on the size, dimensions, and/or function of the particular expansion cards to be connected.

Abstract: A data processing device for transmitting a first data includes a data generator configured to provide the first data, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator configured to generate a CRC information having at least one bit whose binary value is modified in response to a toggle information, and a data transmitter configured to combine the CRC information and the first data as a combined data and output the combined data in serial. A data processing method for transmitting a first data includes a step of generating a first data, a step of generating cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information having at least one bit whose binary value is modified in response to a toggle information, and a step of generating a combined data by combining the generated CRC information and the first data as a combined data and outputting the combined data in serial.

Abstract: When initializing a card-shaped device inserted in a card interface, operation mode acquiring means incorporated in an electronic device acquires operation mode information, stored in a register file incorporated in the card-shaped device, by a predetermined procedure using a predetermined pin. Operation mode setting means incorporated in the electronic device executes signal assignment on a plurality of data pins peculiar to an operation mode indicated by the acquired operation mode information, thereby switching a data transfer width, and allowing the card-shaped device to operate in the operation mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes systems and techniques relating to customization of a bus adapter card. In some implementations, an apparatus includes a processor and a program memory, a bus adapter card coupled with the computing apparatus and configured to connect with a storage device, the bus adapter card comprising a cache memory and a controller to cache in the cache memory data associated with the storage device, where the program memory includes a driver to communicate with the bus adapter card responsive to requests corresponding to the storage device, and the driver is configured to modify its communications with the bus adapter card responsive to information provided separate from the requests.

Abstract: A cable solution which enables a flash controller which is located on a motherboard of an information processing system to be coupled with a memory socket which is located within a passive socket panel. In certain embodiments, a cable and header arrangement is provided for connecting the motherboard to the chassis socket panel card. This arrangement allows the front panel card to be simplified (i.e., to be a passive card). In certain embodiments, the solution uses a cable structure such as that used for integrated drive electronics (IDE) type disk drive cables or an ultra AT attachment (U-ATA) type cable. The cable solution provides a low cost solution which offers multiple performance options for a single cost. For example, the cable solution functions with both a standard memory card socket as well as a high speed memory card. Also, in certain embodiments, the header connections include ground signal paths interposed among the data signal paths.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detachable switch fabric card. In one embodiment this is accomplished by a fabric element including at least one chip to to perform the switching between a plurality of fabric access card and two or more backplane connectors to match the backplane connectors.

Abstract: A wake-up signal test system to test a wake-up signal output by a platform controller hub (PCH) of a motherboard includes a test card and an oscillograph. The test card includes a board with an edge connector, and a button. The button is connected between a first ground pin and a first wake-up signal pin of the edge connector. When the edge connector is inserted into a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) socket of the motherboard, the first ground pin is connected to a second ground pin of the PCIe socket, the first wake-up signal pin is connected to a second wake-up pin of the PCIe socket. When the button is pressed, the first wake-up signal pin is connected to the first ground pin to output a low level signal to the PCH to wake up the motherboard. The oscillograph displays a voltage state of the low level signal.

Abstract: An input power measuring device includes a board with an edge connector, a first dual inline memory modules (DIMM) socket, a resistor, a differential amplifier circuit, a voltage dividing circuit, a display screen, and a controller. When the edge connector is inserted into a second DIMM socket of a motherboard and the motherboard is powered on, the resistor samples first current, and converts the first current into a first voltage. The differential amplifier circuit amplifiers the first current to a second current. The voltage dividing circuit divides the first voltage, and outputs a second voltage. The controller converts the second current into a third current, converts the second voltage into a third voltage, and calculates a power according to the third current and the third voltage.

Abstract: A motherboard includes a processor, a platform controller hub (PCH), a switch, a power connector, a switch unit, and an expansion slot. The PCH is connected to the expansion slot to output a bus signal to a serial advanced technology attachment dual in-line memory module (SATA DIMM), which is connected to the expansion slot, in response to the movement of a switch. The processor connected to the processor socket outputs a bus signal to an expansion card, which is connected to the expansion slot, in response to another movement of the switch.

Abstract: A lightweight radio/CD player for vehicular application is virtually “fastenerless” and includes a case and frontal interface formed of polymer based material that is molded to provide details to accept audio devices such as playback mechanisms (if desired) and radio receivers, as well as the circuit boards required for electrical control and display. The case and frontal interface are of composite structure, including an insert molded electrically conductive wire mesh screen that has been pre-formed to contour with the molding operation. The wire mesh provides EMC, RFI, BCI and ESD shielding and grounding of the circuit boards via exposed wire mesh pads and adjacent ground clips. The PCB architecture is bifurcated into a first board carrying common circuit components in a surface mount configuration suitable for high volume production, and a second board carrying application specific circuit components in a wave soldered stick mount configuration.

Abstract: To start-up a computer system promptly at the time of power-on. The system includes an expansion card having an initialization command set in advance and a main body unit on which the expansion card is mounted. The main body unit includes a central processing section for executing initialization of the expansion card at the time of power-on based on the initialization command, a history holding section for storing the initialized expansion card, and a dictionary section for storing a common command which is the initialization command common to different expansion cards. The central processing section executes the common command, and also executes the initialization command set in the expansion card other than the expansion card stored in the history holding section and not included in the common command.

Abstract: A wireless Internet access device, a secure digital (SD) control chip, and a data communication method are disclosed. The method includes the following steps: the wireless Internet access device receives an SD command from a terminal device, where the SD command is converted by the terminal device from a command and/or data sent by an upper layer; the wireless Internet access device determines an interface mode according to the SD interface support of the terminal device; the wireless Internet access device executes the SD command according to the interface mode. In embodiments of the present invention, the SD card is integrated with the wireless Internet access function, which reduces the size of the wireless Internet access device and enables the wireless Internet access device to select a proper mode to meet different service requirements of terminal devices according to the SD interface support of different terminal devices.

Abstract: A computing device includes a first motherboard and a second motherboard perpendicularly attached to the first motherboard. The first motherboard includes a first CPU module and a plurality of first peripheral component interconnect (PCI) sockets. The second motherboard includes a second CPU module and a plurality of second PCI sockets. The plurality of first PCI sockets is located perpendicularly to both motherboards. The plurality of second PCI sockets includes at least one PCI socket that is obliquely oriented relative to the first motherboard.

Abstract: A memory card socket is provided. The memory card socket includes an outer case, an inner case which is movable within the outer case and includes a slot into which a memory card is insertable. The memory card socket also includes a locking portion which locks the inner case to the outer case upon a withdrawal of the memory card.

Abstract: The tightly coupled multiprocessor system includes a plurality of main processors. The main processors are connected via an inter-processor interface. Each of the main processors includes at least one pair of an expansion slot for installing a coprocessor and an expansion slot for installing an external interface card.

Abstract: A method and a micro telecom computing architecture (MicroTCA) system for expanding MicroTCA are provided. On a backplane of a MicroTCA system, an advanced mezzanine card (AMC) connector and a joint test action group (JTAG) testing unit connector are set into at least one AMC slot. Setting the JTAG testing unit connector by using the existing AMC slot prevents occupying exclusive backplane space by setting another JTAG slot, and thus saves backplane space. Furthermore, after the test is completed, an AMC can be plugged in and the normal use of the AMC is not affected.

Abstract: The preferred methodology for manufacture of a PCIe card of the preferred embodiment involves placing a switch such as a switching ASIC on a PCIe card and operatively connecting the switching ASIC to the PCIe card. The preferred methodology also includes operatively connecting a power management module to the PCIe card and including CXP connectors on the PCIe card. The PCIe card of the preferred embodiment includes a power management module (i.e. a power converter) and a switching ASIC. The PCIe card of the preferred embodiment further includes three CXP connectors. In one embodiment, the supporting CPU for switch control and management is placed on the PCIe card.

Abstract: A network includes a management module with a first root complex, a first server with a first endpoint coupled to the first root complex, and a second server with a second root complex, a second endpoint coupled to the second root complex, a third endpoint coupled to the first root complex, and a bridge coupled to the second endpoint and to the third endpoint. A method includes discovering a PCIe host bridge adapter (PHBA) and a storage resource coupled to multiple storage extents in a PCIe domain, creating a first virtual function on the storage resource and sending a first identifier for the first virtual function to the PHBA. A network interface device includes a PCIe endpoint that is coupleable to a PCIe root complex, another PCIe endpoint that is coupleable to another PCIe root complex, and a bridge that couples the first PCIe endpoint with the second PCIe endpoint.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that enables a portable computing device to receive power through multiple bus interfaces at the same time. When the system senses that a first power source is plugged into a first bus interface in the portable computing device, the system determines whether the first power source is a host or a power adapter. Next, based upon whether the first power source is a host or a power adapter, the system uses a first power manager coupled to the first bus interface to limit a first input current received from the first power source to power the computing device. The system also provides the maximum charging current to a rechargeable battery for the portable computing device by chaining together a second bus interface whether power is present on the second bus interface or not.

Abstract: A data storage device may include a first memory board and a second memory board, where the first memory board and the second memory board each comprise multiple memory chips. The data storage device may include a controller board that is arranged and configured to operably connect to the first memory board and the second memory board, where the controller board includes a high speed interface and a controller that is arranged and configured to receive commands from a host using the high speed interface and to execute the commands, where the first memory board and the second memory board are each separately removable from the controller board.

Abstract: Techniques presented herein provide approaches for out-of-band host management via a management controller. In one embodiment, the management controller provides an application programming interface (API) specifying one or more functions for managing one or more applications executing on a host computer. The one or more functions may be invoked by a requesting entity.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a baseband module, an electronic card slot and a control module. A control unit of the control module is configured to control a switching unit to operate in a first transmission mode, such that the baseband module is able to communicate with an electronic card that is connected to the electronic card slot, based on a baseband signal received from the baseband module. The control unit is further configured to control the switching unit to operate in a second transmission mode, such that the control unit that executes an executable program is able to communicate with the electronic card that is connected to the electronic card slot.

Abstract: A system and method for interfacing at least one ISA and/or PCI compliant device with a PCMCIA compliant socket on a host computer is disclosed. The system is particularly useful to allow ISA and/or PCI compliant devices, which could not otherwise be used with a portable computer having a PCMCIA socket, to be used with such computers. The system can provide complete compatibility between a PCMCIA socket and ISA /PCI compliant devices even though such industry standards include contradictory requirements. The system allows a user to easily connect and disconnect numerous ISA and/or PCI compliant devices via a single PCMCIA socket commonly found on portable computers.

Abstract: A storage unit made of flash array and a USB controller, is implemented to be compatible with then USB specification. The unit includes memory modules which can accept write commands and read commands and are erasable and non-volatile herein referred to as flash modules. The USB/flash controller is configured to provide USB functionality and compatibility alone with common flash operations such as programming reading and erasing the above mentioned components. A USB flash memory device includes at least one flash memory module, a USB connector, a USB controller, and an identification structure for holding memory size and manufacturing type information of the flash memory module.

Abstract: A storage unit made of flash array and a USB controller, is implemented to be compatible with then USB specification. The unit includes memory modules which can accept write commands and read commands and are erasable and non-volatile herein referred to as flash modules. The USB/flash controller is configured to provide USB functionality and compatibility alone with common flash operations such as programming reading and erasing the above mentioned components. A USB flash memory device includes at least one flash memory module, a USB connector, a USB controller, and an identification structure for holding memory size and manufacturing type information of the flash memory module.