Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms generate a configuration bit stream to load into a circuit such as a Programmable Logic Device (PLD). A configuration bit stream may have a reduced size if “phantom bits” not corresponding to configuration elements are removed. However, the PLD may need a full-sized and properly ordered configuration bit stream in order to be properly configured. Techniques and mechanisms are described for selectively adding a “padding bit” to compensate for the missing phantom bits.

Abstract: In one aspect, reduced power consumption and/or circuit area of a discrete time analog signal processing module is achieved in an approach that makes use of entirely, or largely, passive charge sharing circuitry, which may include configurable (e.g., after fabrication, at runtime) multiplicative scaling stages that do not require active devices in the signal path. In some examples, multiplicative coefficients are represented digitally, and are transformed to configure the reconfigurable circuitry to achieve a linear relationship between a desired coefficient and a degree of charge transfer. In some examples, multiple successive charge sharing phases are used to achieve a desired multiplicative effect that provides a large dynamic range of coefficients without requiring a commensurate range of sizes of capacitive elements. The scaling circuits can be combined to form configurable time domain or frequency domain filters.

Abstract: A logic design system operable to configure an integrated circuit device using custom logic design data is disclosed. The disclosed logic design system includes a computer-aided design tool that may be used to determine a memory space estimate based on a custom logic design data analysis. A memory size analysis may be performed on the custom logic design data to determine the maximum amount of stack memory that is required to execute procedures in the device. The logic design system may also monitor for changing memory requirements of the custom logic design. The logic design system may configure the device with the custom logic design data based on the memory space estimate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Some implementations relate to methods and systems for partitioning FPGA circuit designs to facilitate certification. In one aspect, a method includes generating a hardware description language (HDL) implementation of a circuit design. The method additionally includes partitioning the design into a first portion and a second portion. In some implementations, the second portion corresponds to a safety-critical portion of the design while the first portion corresponds to a non-safety-critical portion. The method additionally includes generating first configuration settings for the first portion and generating second configuration settings for the second portion. The method additionally includes verifying, or providing to a third-party certification body for verification, the first configuration settings for the first portion and the second configuration settings for the second portion.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing power consumption in a reconfigurable integrated circuit. Some embodiments provide placement and routing programs that reduce the number of bits to be reconfigured. Some embodiments provide placement and routing programs that increase the number of groups of circuits that do not need reconfiguration at some times. Some embodiments include circuits that selectively block reconfiguration.

Abstract: Technologies related to dynamic reconfiguration of programmable hardware are generally described. In some examples, coprocessor regions in programmable hardware such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) may be dynamically assigned to transition the FPGA from a starting arrangement of coprocessor regions to an efficient arrangement. A placement algorithm may be executed to determine the efficient arrangement, and a path finding algorithm may be executed to determine path finding operations leading from the starting arrangement to the efficient arrangement. The path finding operations may be performed to implement the transition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for configuring a microcontroller. An XML description of the microcontroller's hardware resources may be accessed. A user may select from available hardware resources and pre-defined user modules to select a configuration. Configuration information, which may include register bit patterns and microprocessor instructions, may be automatically generated. Additionally, application programming interface calls and structure, as well as interrupt vector tables may be automatically generated.

Abstract: The present invention systems and methods enable configuration of functional components in integrated circuits. A present invention system and method can flexibly change the operational characteristics of functional components in an integrated circuit die based upon a variety of factors. In one embodiment, manufacturing yields, compatibility characteristics, performance requirements, and system health (e.g., the number of components operating properly) are factored into changes to the operational characteristics of functional components. In one exemplary implementation, the changes to operational characteristics of a functional component are coordinated with changes to other functional components. Workflow scheduling and distribution is also adjusted based upon the changes to the operational characteristics of the functional components. For example, a functional component configuration controller changes the operational characteristics settings and provides an indication to a workflow distribution component.

Abstract: A system and method of determining paths of components when placing and routing configurable circuits. The method identifies a probabilistic data flow through multiple components using a simplified connection matrix. The simplified connection matrix is used to determine a probabilistic data flow through the components without data flowing from any component to itself. The probabilistic data flow is used to determine a probabilistic data flow through the components with some of the components having data flowing from themselves back to themselves. The probabilistic data flow through each component and the number of inputs of the components are used to determine a cost for each component. The cost of a path through the circuit is determined from the costs of the individual components in the path. The costs of the components are used to determine which path of components to use.

Abstract: Approaches for partially reconfiguring a frame are disclosed. In one approach, a circuit arrangement includes programmable resources, frames of configuration memory cells, and partial configuration control memory cells. Each frame includes a plurality of subsets of configuration memory cells, and each subset configures one of the programmable resources. Each partial configuration control memory cell is coupled to a respective one of the subsets. Responsive to a first partial bitstream that includes a quantity of configuration data for all the subsets of configuration cells of a first frame of the plurality of frames, each subset of the configuration memory cells of the first frame is configurable or not configurable responsive to the state of the associated partial configuration control memory cell.

Abstract: System and method for developing an ASIC. A software program may be stored which includes program instructions which implement a function. The software program may be executed on a processing system at a desired system speed and may be validated based on the execution. A first hardware description of at least a portion of the processing system may be stored and may specify implementation of at least a portion of the processing system. A second hardware description may be generated that corresponds to a first portion of the first hardware description. The second hardware description may specify a dedicated hardware implementation of a first portion of the software program executing on the processing system. Generation of the second hardware description may be performed one or more times to fully specify the ASIC. An ASIC may be created which implements the function of the software program.

Abstract: The present invention systems and methods enable configuration of functional components in integrated circuits. A present invention system and method can flexibly change the operational characteristics of functional components in an integrated circuit die based upon a variety of factors including manufacturing defects, compatibility characteristics, performance requirements, and system health (e.g., the number of components operating properly). Functional component operational behavior is tested and analyzed at various levels of configuration abstraction and component organization (e.g., topological inversion analysis). The testing and analysis can be performed in parallel on numerous functional components. Functional component configuration related information is presented in a graphical user interface (GUI) at various levels of granularity and in real time.

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing an HLL program. For one or more variables to observe and/or control in a function of the HLL program, a first code segment is added to the function in the HLL program. For each of the one or more variables a respective second code segment is also added to the HLL program. In response to encountering the first code segment during synthesis of the HLL program, a memory is instantiated in a synthesized design. In response to encountering the second code segment during synthesis of the HLL program, a respective interface circuit is instantiated in the synthesized design. Each interface circuit is configured to replicate a state of the corresponding variable in the memory during operation of the synthesized design. A table is generated that maps names of the one or more variables to respective memory addresses in the memory.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for processing a circuit design having first and second sets of ports configured to couple to respective first and second sets of ports of a device on a hardware platform. In a data-acquisition mode, the circuit design is simulated using a user-selectable plug-in that couples the ports of the circuit design to an interface circuit. During the simulation, the interface circuit communicates data between respective ports of the circuit design and ports of the device. In a deployment mode, the circuit design is implemented in the hardware platform, in which the first and second sets of ports of the circuit design are respectively coupled to the first and second sets of ports of the device.

Abstract: A user interface for a computer-aided design tool includes a display. The display includes a visualization of a processor system of a system-on-a-chip (SOC). The visualization includes a plurality of blocks and each block represents a component of the processor system. Each block visually indicates a configuration status of the component represented by the block.

Abstract: Provided are a simulator of a multi-core system employing reconfigurable processor (RP) cores and a method of simulating a multi-core system employing RP cores. The simulator includes a structure builder to receive a structure definition file defining a structure of a system, select components described in the structure definition file from a component library, and fill a data structure with the selected components to generate a structure model of a multi-core system, and a simulation engine to execute an application program according to the structure model and output the result.

Abstract: A method of automatically developing a data transfer network includes determining, using a processor, a plurality of data transfers of a function of a circuit design marked for hardware acceleration within a target integrated circuit. The circuit design is specified in a high level programming language, and at least one other function of the circuit design remains executable by a microprocessor of the target integrated circuit. Each of the plurality of data transfers is characterized. Each of the plurality of data transfers is correlated with resources of the target integrated circuit. A programmatic description of a data transfer network is generated for the circuit design. The data transfer network connects the hardware accelerator and the microprocessor according to the characterizing and the correlating.

Abstract: A method for operating a computing system includes: receiving an application-tree for instantiating an application in a reconfigurable hardware device; operating a kernel unit for determining an unoccupied logic-sector within a reconfigurable hardware device; calculating a layout section from the application-tree according to the unoccupied logic-sector for instantiating a fragment circuitry corresponding to the layout section; and determining a system table for connecting the fragment circuitry to other portions of the application to form the application having the fragment circuitry.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method that identifies a first physical design solution for positioning several configurable operations on several reconfigurable circuits of an integrated circuit (IC). The method identifies a second physical design solution for positioning the configurable operations on the configurable circuits. One of the identified physical design solutions has one reconfigurable circuit perform a particular configurable operation in at least two reconfiguration cycles while the other identified solution does not have one reconfigurable circuit perform the particular configurable operation in two reconfiguration cycles. The method costs the first and second physical design solutions. The method selects one of the two physical design solutions based on the costs.

Abstract: A system interface of a processing system receives an indication to initiate configuration of a programmable system. A processing device coupled to the system interface and associated with an integrated development environment, responsive to the indication, translates a hardware description code into one or more configuration files specific to the programmable system, the hardware description code to describe circuitry in the programmable system. The processing device further generates program code for a microcontroller of the programmable system based, at least in part, on the hardware description code, and configures the programmable system to implement the circuitry according to the configuration files and the program code. In addition, the processing device debugs the programmable system as configured by the configuration files and the program code.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of simulating partial reconfiguration of a programmable logic device (PLD). A wrapper module is incorporated into a logic description that may be implemented in a PLD. The wrapper module represents a first logic design. In response to receiving a parameter, the wrapper module changes to represent a second logic design. According to various embodiments, the logic description is a simulatable source file. The simulatable source file is a source file that is used by a simulation program to simulate partial reconfiguration of the logic design. The wrapper module of the simulatable source file receives a run-time parameter. In various embodiments, the logic description is a synthesizable source file. The synthesizable source file is a source file that is used by a synthesis tool to compile the source file into hardware. The wrapper module of the synthesizable source receives a compile-time parameter.

Abstract: A present ASIC may include functionality exceeding that which will be operative at one given time (e.g., when the chip is packaged and inserted into a broader circuit). The excess ASIC functionality may be chosen in anticipation of changing market environments, and/or differing product requirements in various market spaces (e.g., in different countries where different interoperability standards are chosen). In such cases, an appropriate subset of the excessive ASIC functionality may be programmably activated for each market space after manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data processing apparatus having a programmable logic and a method for controlling the apparatus. If it is determined that the reconfiguration of the programmable logic is necessary, register setting data for reconfiguring the programmable logic is supplied to the programmable logic. The programmable logic reads out circuit information from a memory storing the circuit information in accordance with the register setting data and reconfigures a function of the programmable logic. A CPU transfers the register setting data to the programmable logic and then transfers data to be processed by the programmable logic whose function has been reconfigured, to the programmable logic.

Abstract: A selectable block in a graphical user interface of an electric design automation tool for generating a design of a system on a target device includes a token passing unit operable to pass a token through one of a first output port and second output port in response to a result from a loop test. The selectable block also includes a counter operable to increment a step value in response to the selectable block receiving the token at a first input port.

Abstract: Techniques for placement in highly constraint chip architectures are described herein. In an example embodiment, a computer system places a digital portion of an electronic design for a programmable chip. The programmable chip comprises multiple fixed-function blocks and a plurality of pins, where each one of the multiple fixed-function blocks can be coupled only to a respective subset of the plurality of pins. The electronic design comprises a particular fixed-function block (FFB) instance that is connected to a particular input-output (IO) instance. The computer system places (e.g., by using a backtracking search) the particular FFB instance on a particular fixed-function block and the particular IO instance on a particular pin from a particular subset of the plurality of pins, where in the programmable chip the particular fixed-function block can be coupled only to the particular subset of the plurality of pins.

Abstract: A method of configuring a hardware design for a pipelined parallel stream processor includes obtaining a scheduled graph representing a processing operation in the time domain as a function of clock cycles. The graph includes a data path to be implemented in hardware as part of the stream processor, an input, an output, and parallel branches to enable data values to be streamed therethrough from the input to the output as a function of increasing clock cycle. The data path is partitioned into a plurality of discrete regions, each region operating on a different clock phase and having discrete control logic elements. Phase transition registers to align data separated by a boundary between regions having different clock phases are introduced into the data path at the boundary. The graph and control logic elements define a hardware design for the pipelined parallel stream processor.

Abstract: The present invention systems and methods enable configuration of functional components in integrated circuits. A present invention system and method utilizes micro electro-mechanical switches included in pathways of an integrated circuit to flexibly change the operational characteristics of functional components in an integrated circuit die based upon a variety of factors including power conservation, manufacturing defects, compatibility characteristics, performance requirements, and system health (e.g., the number of components operating properly). The micro electro-mechanical switches are selectively opened and closed to permit and prevent electrical current flow to and from functional components. Opening the micro electro-mechanical switches also enables power conservation by facilitating isolation of a component and minimization of impacts associated with leakage currents.

Abstract: A method for emulating a circuit design includes receiving, at an emulation interface, signal values associated with probed signals from a verification module of a custom prototype board which can be described by at least one board description file and can comprise at least one field programmable gate array for emulating the circuit design. The method can also include processing, the probed signal values associated with a portion of the circuit design being emulated, the emulation interface being capable of being configured to provide timing and control information to at least the verification module, and can comprise a controller and a memory device, with the controller being capable of being configured to receive the probed signal values. The method can further include storing the processed information and transmitting it to the host workstation.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there are provided herein asynchronous reconfigurable logic fabrics for integrated circuits and methods for designing asynchronous circuits to be implemented in the asynchronous reconfigurable logic fabrics.

Abstract: There is provided a data processing apparatus (1) including a logic circuit (10) that is reconfigurable in each cycle and a library (2) that stores hardware control information (20). The hardware control information (20) includes a plurality of pieces of cycle-based mapping information (21) for individually mapping a plurality of cycle-based circuits, which each realize a function in each cycle for executing an application, onto the logic circuit (10) and configuration selection information (22) for selecting at least one of the plurality of pieces of cycle-based mapping information according to an execution state of the application. The data processing apparatus (1) includes a control unit (11) that reconfigures at least part of the logic region (10) using at least one of the plurality of pieces of cycle-based mapping information (21) according to a request in each cycle based on the configuration selection information (22).

Abstract: A relatively small amount of programmable logic may be included in a mostly ASIC device such that the programmable logic can be used as a substitute for a fault-infected ASIC block. This substitution may occur permanently or temporarily. When an ASIC block is temporarily substituted, faulty outputs of the ASIC block are disabled just at the time they would otherwise propagate an error. The operations of the temporarily deactivated ASIC block(s) may be substituted for by appropriately programmed programmable logic. Thus, a fault-infected ASIC block that operates improperly 1% of the time can continue to be gainfully used for the 99% of the time when its operations are fault free. This substitution can be activated in various stages of the ASIC block's life including after: initial design; pilot production; and mass production. This provides for cost saving and faster time-to-market, repair, and maintenance even years after installation and use.

Abstract: A die package may include a package substrate; an interposer; and/or at least one first die connected between the package substrate and the interposer. The die package may further include at least one second die mounted on the interposer and/or a processor. A system may include a system board and/or a die package mounted on the system board. The die package may include a package substrate; an interposer; and/or at least one first die connected between the package substrate and the interposer. The system may further include at least one second die mounted on the interposer and/or a processor. The processor may control data processing operations of the at least one first die and/or the at least one second die.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided to configure embedded hardware resources of a programmable logic device (PLD). In one example, a method includes receiving configuration information for a plurality of hardware modules of an embedded hardware block of a PLD. The configuration information is received from a user of a computer system external to the PLD. The method also includes generating a plurality of models of the hardware block. The method also includes merging the generated models into a combined model of the hardware block. The combined model includes the configuration information received for the hardware modules of the hardware block. Related systems and additional techniques are also provided.

Abstract: A method of utilizing high level synthesis to automatically configure control logic of a hardware design for a pipelined parallel stream processor includes obtaining a scheduled graph representing a processing operation in the time domain as a function of clock cycles. The graph includes a data path to be implemented in hardware as part of the stream processor, an input, an output, functional objects, and parallel branches to enable data values to be streamed therethrough from the input to the output as a function of increasing clock cycle. The functional objects are grouped based upon having a cycle position dependent upon common factors. Common control logic elements are allocated to groups of functional objects. The graph and allocated control logic is used to define a hardware design for the pipelined parallel stream processor.

Abstract: A reconfigurable circuit generation device comprises: a netlist generation unit that generates as a shared netlist a netlist that can be shared among a plurality of netlists having a common portion, and a resource reduction unit that reduces resources of the reconfigurable circuit where the plurality of netlists are to be implemented, in a range in which the shared netlist can be implemented.

Abstract: A method for determining a critical junction temperature for a user-design implemented in a field programmable gate array (programmable device), includes: obtaining a static power vs. temperature curve for the user-design implemented in the programmable device; obtaining a system thermal curve for the user-design implemented in the programmable device; and using the static power vs. temperature curve for the user-design implemented in the programmable device and the system thermal curve for the user-design implemented in the programmable device to determine the critical junction temperature.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of designing a configurable integrated circuit (“IC”) with several configurable circuits. The method receives a design having several sets of operations for the configurable circuits to perform in different operational cycles. For at least a first set of operations that has a start operation and an end operation, the method assigns a particular operation in the first set to a first operational cycle based at least partially on the position of the particular operation with respect to the start and end operations.

Abstract: A method for designing a system on a target device includes assigning resources on the target device to static logic modules and partial reconfigurable (PR) modules in the system. The instances of one of the PR modules are placed and routed in parallel utilizing resources from those that are assigned. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of utilizing high level synthesis to automatically configure control logic of a hardware design for a pipelined parallel stream processor includes obtaining a scheduled graph representing a processing operation in the time domain as a function of clock cycles. The graph comprises a data path to be implemented in hardware as part of said stream processor, an input, an output, and parallel branches to enable data values to be streamed therethrough from the input to the output as a function of increasing clock cycle. The data path is partitioned to divide it into a plurality of discrete regions. Discrete control logic elements are assigned to each region using high level synthesis. The graph and assigned control logic is used to define a hardware design for the pipelined parallel stream processor.

Abstract: A graphical user interface for tuning a programmable device comprises a first on-screen window comprising a representation of a target apparatus, wherein the target apparatus comprises the programmable device, and a second on-screen window configured to appear in response to a selection of a graphical element associated with the representation of the target apparatus, wherein the second on-screen window comprises graphical user interface (GUI) display elements representing a plurality of parameter values presently controlling operation of a device corresponding to the selected graphical element. The second on-screen window is further configured to accept a modification of at least one of the plurality of parameter values via the GUI display elements, initiate communication of the modification to the programmable device, and in response to implementing the modification in the programmable device, display operational results of the device as modified by the modification.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and data processing system for efficiently performing automated placement of timing-critical unit-level cells in a hierarchical integrated circuit design is disclosed. In preparation for global optimization the entire unit at the cell level, macro-level cells are assigned a “placement force” that serves to limit the movement of the macro-level cells from their current position. Movement boundaries for each macro element are also defined, so as to keep the components in a given macro element in relative proximity to each other. Optimization/placement of the unit design is then performed, via a force-directed layout algorithm, on a “flattened” model of the design while respecting the movement boundaries. Following this “flattened” optimization, the placed “unit-level” cells are modeled as blockages and the macro elements are optimized individually, while respecting the location(s) of the blockages.

Abstract: Various methods for analyzing mutual inductance in an integrated circuit layout are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, for example, circuit design information indicative of a first inductor and a second inductor is received. A dipole moment associated with the first inductor is determined, where the magnetic field associated with the dipole moment is representative of magnetic fields created by respective turns in the first inductor. A mutual inductance between the first inductor and the second inductor is determined by determining a magnetic flux of the magnetic field of the dipole moment through surfaces bounded by respective wire segments of the second inductor.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a plurality of modules, a plurality of memory banks, and a multiplexor. Each module includes at least one agent that interfaces between a module and a memory bank. Each memory bank includes an arbiter that interfaces between the at least one agent of each module and the memory bank. The multiplexor is configured to assign data paths between the at least one agent of each module and a corresponding arbiter of each memory bank based on the assigned data path. The at least one agent of each module is configured to read data from the corresponding arbiter of the memory bank or write modified data to the corresponding arbiter of the memory bank.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing speed and reducing processing power of a compile process of programmable logic of an integrated circuit (IC) are provided. For example, in one embodiment, a method includes obtaining a high level program, comprising computer-readable instructions for implementation on programmable logic of an integrated circuit (IC); translating the high level program into low level code representative of functional components needed to execute functionalities of the high level program; generating a host program comprising computer-readable instructions for implementing the low level code based upon the high level program; obtaining modifications to the high level program; determining whether the modifications can be implemented by a new host program utilizing the low level code; and generating the new host program to implement the modifications, when the modifications can be implemented by the new host program utilizing the low level code.

Abstract: A plurality of target field programmable gate arrays are interconnected in accordance with a connection topology and map portions of a target system. A control module is coupled to the plurality of target field programmable gate arrays. A balanced clock distribution network is configured to distribute a reference clock signal, and a balanced reset distribution network is coupled to the control module and configured to distribute a reset signal to the plurality of target field programmable gate arrays. The control module and the balanced reset distribution network are cooperatively configured to initiate and control a simulation of the target system with the plurality of target field programmable gate arrays. A plurality of local clock control state machines reside in the target field programmable gate arrays. The local clock control state machines are coupled to the balanced clock distribution network and obtain the reference clock signal therefrom.

Abstract: Techniques for determining resistances of analog routes in electronic designs are described herein. In an example embodiment, a computer system receives first user input that indicates, in a user interface, a first component in an electronic design. The electronic design has been placed and routed for a programmable target device. The computer system receives second user input that selects, in the user interface, a particular component from one or more second components of the electronic design, where the one or more second components have analog connectivity to the first component. The computer system determines a resistance value of an analog route between the first component and the particular component, and displays the resistance value in association with the analog route in the user interface.

Abstract: A circuit design system 10 includes storage means 11 to store structure description information 11a of a reconfigurable circuit including an array of cells 1 including a plurality of switches 2, and application circuit netlist information 11b used to specify an application, circuit generation unit 12a to generate structure description information 11a based on the structure description information 11a and the application circuit netlist information 11b stored in the storage means 11, and circuit evaluation unit 12b to evaluate the structure description information 11a generated by the circuit generation unit 12a, wherein the circuit generation unit 12a generates the structure description information 11a by deleting at least one of the switches 2 from the structure description information 11a based on an evaluation result obtained by the circuit evaluation unit 12b.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Some implementations relate to methods and systems for transmitting and integrating an intellectual property (IP) block with another user's design. The IP developer can design the IP block to include both a secret portion and a public portion. The IP block developer can send or otherwise provide the IP block to another IP user without disclosing the functional description of the secret portion of the IP block. In some implementations, the IP developer provides the public portion to the IP user at the register-transfer-level (RTL) level, as a hardware description language (HDL)-implemented design, or as a synthesizable netlist. In some implementations, the IP developer provides the secret portion of the IP block to the user in the form of programming bits without providing an HDL, RTL, or netlist implementation of the secret portion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for allowing components such as buffers, multiplexers, ingress cores, etc. on a device such as a programmable chip to configure themselves based on parameter information. In some examples, self-configuring components obtain parameter information from adjacent components. In other examples, self-configuring components obtain parameter information from a system environment or a processor register. Component self-configuration can occur at a variety of times including preprocessing, simulation, and run-time.

Abstract: A universal memory I/O generating apparatus includes a defining module, a retrieving module, a generating module, and a layout module. The defining module defines a mapping table according to a pin configuration of a plurality of I/Os. The mapping table includes corresponding relationships between the plurality of IOs and a plurality of memory functions. The retrieving module retrieves control information corresponding to the mapping table from candidate information, which is associated with the corresponding relationships between the plurality of I/Os and the plurality of memory functions. The generating module generates a hardware description language (HDL) file according to the control information. The layout module programs the plurality of I/Os according to the HDL file, so that each of the I/Os can correspond to its corresponding memory function.