Abstract: There is provided a sealing detection method for a sealing structure, comprising the following steps: S1, attaching a thin film on a gasket to seal an opening; S2, disposing a sealing ring directly below the base to seal a lower opening of the mounting through hole; S3, providing a vent hole on sealing ring through which the sealing ring communicates with a gas source with a gas pressure sensor; S4, starting to supply or pump gas to form a positive pressure or a negative pressure region between the sealing ring and the base; S5, maintaining the air pressure state for a certain time, during which the gas pressure sensor performs real-time detection of gas flow; S6, comparing detected gas flow with qualified threshold range; S7, sorting products with the sealing structure according to detection results; S8, peeling off the thin film and completing the detection.

Abstract: A system to characterize gas in a building includes a processor; a gas sensor coupled to the processor; a gas valve coupled to the processor; an encryption module executed by the processor to secure gas data; and a transceiver to communicate secured gas data over a network to a remote processor.

Abstract: An endoscope cleaning station for cleaning an endoscope includes a sink having an inlet connected to a water supply for filling the sink and a drain for draining the sink, a fill solenoid for controlling a flow of water to the inlet of the sink, a detergent pump and detergent valve that cooperate to selectively dispense detergent into another flow of water thus creating a detergent solution, a manifold for injecting the detergent solution into the endoscope, a lumen solenoid for controlling the flow of the detergent solution to the manifold, a pressure regulator disposed downstream of the lumen solenoid and upstream of the manifold to reduce a pressure of the detergent solution delivered to the manifold, and a high-pressure port connected to a narrow channel of the endoscope, the high-pressure port receiving the detergent solution that bypasses the pressure regulator so that the detergent solution exiting the high-pressure port into the narrow channel has a higher pressure than the pressure of the detergent s

Abstract: Systems and methods for leak detection of aircraft doors. One embodiment is an apparatus for leak testing a seal between an aircraft door and a fuselage of an aircraft. The apparatus includes a structural frame that includes a suction cup configured to suction an outer surface of the aircraft door. The structural frame further includes legs to extend in length to push the structural frame away from the fuselage and cause the suction cup to pull the aircraft door toward an outside of the aircraft to tighten the seal between the aircraft door and the fuselage of the aircraft.

Abstract: A portable oil leak detection system having an oil sensor mountable to an engine and configured to detect the presence of oil and a processor positioned within a portable housing. The processor is configured to receive a signal indicative of the oil sensor detecting oil, record a timestamp in response to receiving the signal indicative of the oil sensor detecting oil, and activate an alert indicating that the oil sensor has detected oil.

Abstract: A respiratory mask body defining a breathable air zone for a wearer and having a shut-off valve is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the mask body includes one or more inlet ports configured to receive one or more breathing air source components. The shut-off valve is operable between a closed position and an open position, and when in a closed position the shut-off valve prevents fluid communication between the one or more inlet ports and the breathable air zone and the shut-off valve returns to an open position in the absence of an applied force.

Abstract: An evaporated fuel processing device includes: a canister configured to adsorb fuel evaporated from a fuel tank; a vapor pipe connecting the fuel tank to the canister; a sealing valve provided in the vapor pipe to be driven by an actuator to quantitatively control an opening degree; and a controller. The controller includes: a restoration detector configured to detect that the supply of power from a battery to the controller is restored after the supply of power from the battery to the controller is cut off; and a restoration actuator configured to drive the actuator so that the sealing valve is fully closed or fully opened when the restoration detector detects that the supply of power is restored.

Abstract: A flexible leak testing machine for tightness testing of a cylinder head, an engine block or similar workpiece has at least one sealing plate, a machine frame with at least one workpiece holding device for the workpiece and an adjusting device with a first drive for bringing together the workpiece and the sealing plate into a test position. The leak testing machine is flexibly usable in that it includes a changeover device for sealing plates. The changeover device has an adjustable holding arrangement on the machine frame, with sealing plate holders and an associated drive for sealing plate changeover.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for expediting the generation of positive pressure and vacuum during corresponding phases of a fuel system leak test. Adjustments to the settings of active grille shutters and air dams enables heat to be trapped in the vehicle for the pressure phase and a cooling air flow to be provided during a vacuum phase. The adjustments enable the response time and completion frequency of an EONV test to be improved.

Abstract: Devices to determine the filtration behavior of a device for filtering gaseous fluid. These devices are characterized by unchanged reproducibility during further tests. To this end, the device comprises a first device for setting a particular differential pressure, a second device having a certain degree of filtration efficiency of the gaseous fluid, which flows through the devices, of the filter test system such that a differential pressure and/or filtration efficiency are adjustable in a variable fashion and independently of one another, and the first device (2) and the second device (3) are normal for filtration, with permanently constant characteristics with regard to the differential pressure that is set and the filtration efficiency that is set as a reference device for simulation of a filtering separator, a first adapter for coupling on the inflow side, and a second adapter for coupling on the outflow side.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus analysing the condition of a liquid conduit system. Data is received from at least one sensor indicative of pressure within the system and then processed to generate an inflexion coded data subset for each sensor. The inflexion coded data is then cycle counted across at least one time period to generate a second data subset for each time period comprising a count of pressure cycles, the amplitude of these pressure cycles and an average pressure. A cumulative pressure-induced stress can then be calculated for each of the at least one time periods using the second data subset.

Abstract: A method is described for detecting a leakage during the operation of a braking system. A braking intention signal characterizing a braking intention is generated by actuating a final control system of an actuating circuit; a setpoint braking pressure required in an active circuit is ascertained based on the braking intention signal; an actual braking pressure in the active circuit is set according to the setpoint braking pressure with the aid of a pressure generation unit by moving a displacement piston to actuate a wheel brake coupled to the active circuit; and a pressure modulation is carried out. The pressure modulation includes setting the actual braking pressure in the active circuit to a value greater than the setpoint braking pressure, and lowering the actual braking pressure until the setpoint braking pressure is reached by moving the displacement piston at a predetermined piston speed.

Abstract: A device for use in a leak check test of an air data system includes a device body, an opening extending into the device body with the opening being configured to allow a probe to be at least partially inserted into the opening, and walls surrounding the opening with the walls being situated to seal a port in the probe such that air is prevented from flowing into or out of the port while the probe is inserted into the opening. A method of performing a leak check test includes covering the port with the device to seal the port, heating air within a gas path in the air data system, measuring the change in pressure of the air resulting from an increase in temperature of the air, and determining whether the air data system is sealed depending on the change in pressure of the air.

Abstract: A trunnion bolt monitoring system for an air preheater trunnion has a plurality of trunnion bolts through which extends a respective blind bore each in gas tight connection at its open end to a pressurized manifold comprising piping and T-fittings. Depressurisation of the manifold indicative of fatigue cracking of any one bolt is detected by electrical monitoring of three pressure sensors.

Abstract: A method for leak detection of a test specimen includes providing an evacuable film test chamber which is operatively coupled to a pressure measuring device, and at least one processor operatively coupled to the pressure measuring device; measuring a pressure within the evacuable film test chamber by the pressure measuring device at predetermined times during a measurement period of time; calculating by the processor, a first or higher order derivative of a pressure change with respect to time at a first predetermined time, and a first or higher order derivative of a pressure change with respect to time at least at a second predetermined time during the measurement period of time, to provide at least a pair of derivative values; and categorizing by the processor a leaky or tight state of the specimen under test by a pattern recognition process based on the pair of derivative values.

Abstract: An integrated sensor device including a first die, housing a sensor element to detect a quantity external to the sensor device and transduce the external quantity into an electrical sensing signal; a second die mechanically coupled to the first die so that the first and second dies are stacked on one another along one and the same axis; and at least one heater of a resistive type integrated in the first die and/or in the second die, having a first conduction terminal and a second conduction terminal configured to couple respective first and second conduction terminals of a signal generator for causing an electric current to flow, in use, between the first and second conduction terminals of the heater and generate heat by the Joule effect. It is possible to carry out calibration in temperature of the sensor element.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computer system generates display content indicating a likely direction and estimated distance to a potential gas leak source. The content includes a street map and at least one search area indicator on the map that indicates a search area suspected to have a gas leak source. The search area indicator has an axis indicating a representative wind direction relative to a geo-referenced location of at least one gas concentration measurement point. The search area indicator also has a width relative to the axis. The width is indicative of a wind direction variability associated with a plurality of wind direction measurements in an area of the gas concentration measurement point. The axis also preferably has a length indicating an estimated maximum distance to the potential gas leak source.

Abstract: An oil leakage detector of the present invention includes an image processing unit wherein the image processing unit calculates the values of saturation and intensity of each pixel in the color image of the object after an ultra-violet light is irradiated thereon, draws an intensity-saturation characteristic line of the saturation expressed in an X-axis and the intensity expressed in a Y-axis, sets an upper limit and a lower limit of intensity of each saturation as a threshold value based on an area without oil adhesion on the surface of the object, and determines, in the intensity-saturation characteristic line, an area corresponding to a pixel group where the intensity exceeds the threshold value of the upper limit and a pixel group where the intensity falls below the threshold value of the lower limit, to be an oil leakage adhered area.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing a surgical instrument in a reprocessing apparatus, where the surgical instrument has at least one channel to be cleaned. The method including: connecting the surgical instrument to a compressed air hose for supplying compressed air to the at least one channel; supplying drying air to the compressed air hose to leak test the surgical instrument using the drying air, the drying air having less moisture content than the compressed air; and subsequent to the supplying of the drying air, reprocessing the surgical instrument using at least one cleaning liquid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for estimating a distance between an acoustic sensor and an acoustic reflector in a conduit are disclosed. One such method includes using the acoustic sensor to measure a combined acoustic signal that comprises an originating acoustic signal propagating along the conduit and an echo signal. The echo signal is generated by the originating acoustic signal reflecting off the acoustic reflector after propagating past the acoustic sensor. A frequency domain representation of the combined acoustic signal is determined and the echo signal is identified by identifying in the frequency domain representation periodic oscillations having a peak-to-peak difference between 0.75 Hz and 1500 Hz. The distance between the acoustic sensor and the acoustic reflector is determined from the velocity of the echo signal and a time required for the echo signal to propagate between the acoustic sensor and the acoustic reflector.

Abstract: A mobile measurement system for three-dimensional optical measurement of vehicles and vehicle parts, includes a measurement auxiliary device which can be arranged on the vehicle or vehicle part with repeat accuracy, and a mobile measurement trolley on which a robot is arranged, which carries at least one measurement sensor, and which further has a coupling apparatus for mechanically coupling to the measurement auxiliary device, enabling positioning of the measurement trolley relative to the measurement auxiliary device, and thus relative to the vehicle or vehicle part, with repeat accuracy.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a server includes a chassis, a processor, a liquid cooling tube and a liquid leak detection system. The processor is disposed in the chassis. The liquid cooling tube is disposed on the processor. The liquid leak detection system includes a circuit board and a first detecting wire. The circuit board is disposed in the chassis. The first detecting wire is disposed on a side of the liquid cooling tube and electrically connected to the circuit board.

Abstract: A leak detection module for checking the seal-tightness of an object to be tested by tracer gas is provided, including a leak detector and a probe configured to be manipulated by a user; and a vision device including a processing and display unit configured to communicate with the leak detector, a securing means configured to secure the vision device on a head of the user, and a viewing surface fixed to the securing means and configured to be placed in a field of view of the user, the processing and display unit being further configured to display, on the viewing surface, information relating to detection of leaks including at least one signal representative of a concentration of tracer gas measured by the leak detector. A method for checking the seal-tightness of an object to be tested by tracer gas is also provided.

Abstract: A leak check system is provided, which supplies air to inspection target space that an object to be inspected has and checks leak based on a pressure change of inspection target space. System includes pedestal, robotic arm including plurality of arm bodies serially coupled from pedestal, robot control device configured to control operation of robotic arm, air supply hand, having air discharge part connected to object to be inspected to discharge air into inspection target space, and attachably and detachably attached to a tip-end part of robotic arm, air supply source, air supply pipe configured to lead air from air supply source to air discharge part, pressure sensor, provided to air supply pipe, and configured to send detected pressure data to robot control device, and air supply mechanism of which supply of air from air supply source to air discharge part is controlled by robot control device.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting leaks in a disposable medical fluid cassette that includes a base and a flexible membrane attached to the base in such a way that the base and the flexible membrane cooperate to at least partially form a fluid passageway. The method includes applying a first force to the flexible membrane, measuring a first physical property of a system that includes the medical fluid cassette a medical fluid pumping machine, removing the first force from the flexible membrane, applying a second force to the flexible membrane, measuring a second physical property of the system, and determining whether the medical fluid cassette leaks based on a comparison of the first physical property and the second physical property.

Abstract: The testing apparatus facilitates the testing of surfaces for contaminants such as soluble salts prior to applying a protective coating. The testing apparatus includes an air-permeable water-resistant membrane, an overlay, and a test chamber. When assembled, the testing apparatus provides an easily removable testing apparatus that encloses a void into which a solvent may be injected to determine the level of contamination of the surface.

Abstract: The invention provides an aluminum alloy hub positioning fixture. The aluminum alloy hub positioning fixture adopts an upper trapezoidal metal taper sleeve and a lower trapezoidal metal taper sleeve, the lower trapezoidal metal taper sleeve is in contact with the central hole of a hub, and the upper trapezoidal metal taper sleeve is in contact with the cap section of the hub; the lower trapezoidal metal taper sleeve is mounted on a hollow shaft, and a metal pipe is arranged in the middle of the hollow shaft. During working, the hub is positioned and mounted on the lower trapezoidal metal taper sleeve via the central hole, the upper trapezoidal metal taper sleeve is in vertical contact with the cap section of the hub under the action of a cylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for calibrating a pump (1) provided in a pump line (6), the device comprising an actuator (2) for setting the pumping capacity of the pump (1), and a control unit (3). The device comprises a flow monitor (4) in the fuel line (6). The control unit (3) is designed to substantially steadily vary the controlled variable of the actuator (2), when starting the pump (1), up to the switch point (SP) of the flow monitor (4), and to ascertain and store a controlled variable associated with the respective switch point (SP), to ascertain a controlled variable difference value (?f) between a reference controlled variable (fR) stored for the pump (1) and the flow monitor (4) and a calibration controlled variable (fK) ascertained during the calibration, and to calibrate the controlled variable of the actuator (2) of the pump (1) based on the controlled variable difference value (?f).

Abstract: The invention relates to a film chamber for receiving a test object to be tested for the presence of a leak, including at least two film layers and at least two frame elements, each of which has a sealing surface so that the two frame elements lie against each other in a gas-tight manner in order to hermetically seal the film chamber. Each of the two film layers has at least one retaining profile in a wall region, and each of the two frame elements has at least one retaining groove in the frame element sealing surface in order to receive a retaining profile such that the two film layers are held between the two frame elements substantially by a formfitting connection.

Abstract: A device comprising a pressure monitor and a control means that receives a signal representing measured pressure at the pressure monitor and controls the controllable elements of a fluid system is utilized to monitor a fluid system for error conditions, to optimize operations and to diagnose the fluid system. By following a testing protocol that selectively enables parts of the system, the control means narrows the list of possible falling components. Comparing the measured pressure against normal pressures allows the device to identify error conditions. Determining the volume of fluid being transported and controlling the duration of the flow optimizes operation of the fluid system.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computer system generates display content indicating a likely direction and estimated distance to a potential gas leak source. The content includes a street map and at least one search area indicator on the map that indicates a search area suspected to have a gas leak source. The search area indicator has an axis indicating a representative wind direction relative to a geo-referenced location of at least one gas concentration measurement point. The search area indicator also has a width relative to the axis. The width is indicative of a wind direction variability associated with a plurality of wind direction measurements in an area of the gas concentration measurement point. The axis also preferably has a length indicating an estimated maximum distance to the potential gas leak source.

Abstract: A test system and a corresponding method for testing the seal of a glove which is installed in a port of an isolator, including a test disc which can be connected in a hermetically sealed fashion to the port. The glove and test disc define a sealed glove volume which can be placed under excess pressure. The test disc has a pressure-measuring device with a microprocessor and a memory for recording and storing a pressure profile in the glove volume and a data interface. The glove and port have identification elements which are read by a reading device of the test disc and information concerning the pressure profile along with the identities of the glove and port are transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation unit which estimates and records a residual period of use of the glove. A plurality of gloves in ports can be tested simultaneously.

Abstract: A test system and a corresponding method for testing the seal of a glove which is installed in a port of an isolator, including a test disc which can be connected in a hermetically sealed fashion to the port. The glove and test disc define a sealed glove volume which can be placed under excess pressure. The test disc has a pressure-measuring device with a microprocessor and a memory for recording and storing a pressure profile in the glove volume and a data interface. The glove and port have identification elements which are read by a reading device of the test disc and information concerning the pressure profile along with the identities of the glove and port are transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation unit which estimates and records a residual period of use of the glove. A plurality of gloves in ports can be tested simultaneously.

Abstract: A system for detecting leaks is provided comprising an accumulator, a flow controller in communication with the accumulator, and a flow meter/sensor in communication with the accumulator, the flow controller and a UUT. The flow meter is structured to supply gas from the accumulator to the UUT and measure a flow rate of the supplied gas, the flow meter providing feedback to the flow controller representing the flow rate, and the flow controller responding to the feedback by supplying flow compensation gas to the accumulator to maintain a desired pressure in the accumulator. Methods are also provided for detecting small leaks, especially with large units under test (“UUTs”).

Abstract: The present invention provides a pipe structure including: a pipe through which a gaseous body having a higher temperature than a temperature of a surrounding atmosphere flows; a cover that covers an outer peripheral portion of the pipe, and defines a plurality of vents from which the gaseous body leaking from the pipe flows out; and a guide member that guides the gaseous body flowing out from the vent toward a line-shaped sensor that passes a position corresponding to each of the plurality of vents, and is sensitive to a temperature or a concentration of a gaseous body outside the cover.

Abstract: This invention provides to set plural test patterns in which two or more control valves are picked up from the plural control valves as diagnosis target, and there being installed a malfunction diagnosis means (47) in which the diagnosis of malfunctioned valve is applied to the test patterns as unit, and malfunction valve identification means (48) in which the malfunctioned valves are identified by checking the control valves one another, that control valves are included in the test patterns having been diagnosed whether malfunction exists or not by the malfunction diagnosis means (47).

Abstract: An apparatus for testing suction cups mounted on a track is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a base comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The apparatus further comprises ports penetrating the base from the first surface to the second surface and vacuum sensors pneumatically coupled to the ports. The ports in the base are arranged in a geometric pattern.

Abstract: HEPA filter integrity testing apparatus including an automated mover, a scan module connected to the automated mover, and scan probes disposed along the length of the scan module. Assemblies also include HEPA filters and the filter integrity testing apparatus. A method of determining the integrity of HEPA filters with the filter integrity apparatus is disclosed.

Abstract: A leakage detection system configured to detect hydrocarbon leakage from an underwater pipeline in a body of water having a sensor configured to acquire signals related to the temperature of a liquid inside a chamber that is not watertight and which, in use, is full of water and extends along a portion of underwater pipeline susceptible to leakage, and a control unit, which is connected to the sensor and is configured to control if the temperature of the liquid in the chamber is within an expected range and emit a leakage signal when the temperature of the liquid in the chamber is outside the expected range.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out bi-directional load testing of close ended driven piles and injection piles utilizing a hydraulic jack, comprising an enclosure for housing the hydraulic jack. The apparatus includes a first hollow body, a second hollow body and a third hollow body. The first hollow body has an open upper end, an open lower end, and a base for attaching the top of the hydraulic jack. The second hollow body has an open upper end, an open lower end, and a base for attaching the base of the hydraulic jack. The third hollow body has an open upper end and an open lower end, and has an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the first hollow body and the second hollow body, the third hollow body being capable of being axially received by both the first hollow body and the second hollow body.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out bi-directional load testing of close ended driven piles and injection piles utilizing a hydraulic jack, comprising an enclosure for housing the hydraulic jack (13). The enclosure (1) includes a first hollow body (10) a second hollow body (15). The first hollow body (10) had a covered upper end (10a) and an open lower end (10b), with the upper end being capped by an attached top plate (11) having an external surface (11a) which the lower end (81b) of a first pile (81) may be axially attached to, and an internal surface (11b). The open lower end (10b) has a cut-out (12) originating on the edge of the open end (10b) of the first hollow body for receiving a hydraulic connection (14) for the jack (13). The second hollow body (15) is capable of housing the hydraulic jack (13), has an open upper end (15a) and a lower end (15b).

Abstract: A malfunction diagnosing device that includes pistons arranged in a circumferential direction and discharges oil with rotation in the circumferential direction is provided, including: a pressure sensor for detecting a pressure value of oil discharged from a hydraulic pump in rotation; a speed sensor for detecting a rotation phase of the hydraulic pump at a time when a pressure value of oil is detected by the pressure sensor; a phase calculation part; and a rendering part for rendering a model of a relationship between pressure values of oil detected by the pressure sensor and rotation phases of the hydraulic pump detected by the speed sensor and the phase calculation part to thereby obtain pulsating waveform data. This makes it possible to diagnose a malfunction of the hydraulic pump without influence of a change in a rotation speed of the hydraulic pump.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for determining whether a hermetically sealed cavity between opposing substrate wafers in a wafer level packaged (WLP) chip is leaking. The sensor assembly includes a thermal insulating layer provided within the cavity, and a heater and temperature sensor deposited on the insulation layer. The thermal insulating layer is made of a suitable dielectric that is compatible with WLP and MMIC fabrication processes and can be, for example, benzocyclobutene (BCB) or polyimide. The sensor is responsive to a current that heats the thermal insulation layer so that heat dissipated by the thermal insulation layer is drawn away by gas between the layer and the substrate that determines the temperature of the sensor, which is detected.

Abstract: Various systems are provided for delivering fuel to an engine. In one example, a system includes a controller and a fluid system configured to maintain a fluid at a pressure downstream of a check valve. The controller may be configured to determine if a leak is present in the fluid system based on a first pressure decay rate of the fluid system, and responsive to identifying that a leak is present in the fluid system, differentiate between an internal leak and an external leak based on a leak flow rate as fluid system pressure decreases.

Abstract: In accordance with some implementations of the described invention, a testing device is provided which includes a safety shield having one or more motion control cam tracks, wherein the cam tracks are configured to receive a cam follower that is connected to a mounting member onto which is mounted one or more testing modules. The testing modules perform specific functions for testing a sample product. The mounting member is moved within the safety shield as the cam follower tracks within the motion control cam tracks. In such implementations, the mounting member is further connected to two or more hydraulic cylinders or other actuators which are configured to move the mounting member to various positions within an x-axis and a y-axis. The integrated safety and motion control features of the safety shield provide precise, repeatable movement of the mounting member while preventing injuring to a user. Other implementations are also described.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining leakage volume of fluid in transportation pipelines are provided. The method comprises: obtaining the negative pressure wave signals detected by at least two pressure sensors arranged on the pipeline; determining the pressure signal at the leakage location based on the negative pressure wave signals; determining the leakage rate during a leakage period based on the pressure signal at the leakage location according to a leakage model; and determining the leakage volume of the fluid in the pipeline based on the leakage rate and the leakage period. The apparatus provided corresponds to the method described above. By using the method and apparatus described above, the leakage volume of the transportation pipelines can be obtained to help understand the leakage profile of the pipelines and thus reduce losses (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for extra-corporal blood treatment, including an extra-corporal blood circulation for the pumping of blood, where individual components of the extra-corporal blood circulation are inside and outside of a casing of the device, and a base socket is attached below the casing, which includes a collection trough in which liquids leaking inside the casing can be collected. The device has a sensor with which the presence of liquid within the collection trough is measurable. The device includes receptacle resources for the reception of leaking liquids occurring outside of the casing, where the receptacle resources are developed so that, above a specified quantity, they route leaking liquids into the collection trough.

Abstract: An integrated sensor device including a first die, housing a sensor element to detect a quantity external to the sensor device and transduce the external quantity into an electrical sensing signal; a second die mechanically coupled to the first die so that the first and second dies are stacked on one another along one and the same axis; and at least one heater of a resistive type integrated in the first die and/or in the second die, having a first conduction terminal and a second conduction terminal configured to couple respective first and second conduction terminals of a signal generator for causing an electric current to flow, in use, between the first and second conduction terminals of the heater and generate heat by the Joule effect. It is possible to carry out calibration in temperature of the sensor element.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a result of a benchmark leak detection test for a pressure system and determining whether the result indicates that a leak is present in the pressure system. In response to the result of the benchmark leak detection test indicating that a leak is not present in the pressure system, the method includes performing a subsequent leak detection test for the pressure system, comparing a result of the subsequent leak detection test to the result of the benchmark leak detection test, and determining, based on the comparison, whether the subsequent leak detection test indicates that a leak is not present in the pressure system. A time to determine whether a leak is not present based on the comparison is less than a time to determine whether a leak is not present based on the benchmark leak detection test.

Abstract: A valve manifold includes a valve body carrying pairs of laterally spaced piston actuated valves controlled by control modules operative to selectively pressurize and exhaust an outlet port connected to a fluid device and configured in groupings permitting varying valve functionalities.