Abstract: A flow rate meter for measuring the flow rate of a fluid medium, especially that of the air aspirated by an internal combustion engine. A hot wire or film is placed in the air stream and is made part of an electrical circuit powered by the output of a differential amplifier. The voltage drop across the resistor is monitored at the input of the differential amplifier where it is compared with fixed or compensated values. In order to reduce the effect that airborne particles, which are deposited on the hot wire or film, have on the measuring characteristics of the apparatus, the wire or film are shaped so that their leading edge constitutes an area much smaller than the surfaces which are substantially parallel to the stream lines.

Abstract: A fuel supply system to control an air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine which includes an air-flow sensor located in the intake manifold and a manually controlled throttle element. The air-flow sensor includes a rotary element mounted about an axis that extends in the direction of flow, which is moved against a reset force in accordance with the amount of flowing air, so that the air-flow sensor sensor adjusts a fuel supply valve to meter an amount of fuel that corresponds to the amount of air. The rotary element has at least one axial recess which cooperates with a port of the manifold to control an air-flow section and has radial ribs which limit a control chamber having at least one wall securely fixed to the manifold housing, said control chamber being in communication with the intake manifold between the air-flow sensor and the throttle element, while the intake manifold pressure upstream from the air-flow sensor acts upon said ribs.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement for improving the definition of the focal spots of X-ray tubes which comprises periodically varying the bias voltage applied to the concentrating electrode of the tube, focalizing the eletron beam emitted by the filament, between a negative minimum or zero value and a negative maximum value, with a voltage waveform whose frequency is higher than 10 kilohertz, wherein this bias voltage has to assume at least the two extreme values frequently, while a direct-current high voltage is being applied between the cathode (filament) and the anode (target) during the exposure time.

Abstract: A steering arrangement for missile type projectiles. A source of steering propulsion which is accommodated in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the missile comprises two gas generators which are positioned symmetrically on either side of the center of gravity a system being provided to switch or divert the gases to the exterior of the missile in at least two directions which are transverse to the projectile and to its axis.The arrangement according to the invention considerably improves the reliability and effectiveness with which the projectile is steered.

Abstract: A flow rate measuring device, especially for measuring the flow rate of incoming fresh air in the induction tube of an internal combustion engine in which a temperature-dependent sensor, e.g. a resistor, is exposed to the air flow while the current through the sensor is controlled and monitored to obtain a signal related to the air flow rate. In order to prevent damage to the sensor from high-temperature flame fronts due to backfiring and also from inadvertent mechanical contact with tools, etc., there is provided at least one protective element downstream of the sensor and possibly another element upstream. The protective element is a plate-like barrier permitting essentially unimpeded air flow. The pattern of the element may be a grid or sieve, a honeycomb pattern or a plurality of parallel tubes.

Abstract: A fuel metering control loop which includes an exhaust gas sensor and an integrating controller. In order to operate the system at an air number which may differ from the most stable operating point of the oxygen sensor, the output signal from the controller is deliberately changed so as to override the command signals from the oxygen sensor. In particular, the output signal undergoes a step-change toward a higher or lower value at the times of reversal of sensor potential. Thus, the average value of the air number which the controller effectively maintains is different from the nominal value which would be obtained with direct sensor control. In another embodiment, the ongoing integration process is continued for some time beyond the sensor signal reversal.

Abstract: There is described a multicylinder fuel injection pump which is provided with a device that extends the length dimension thereof. The device includes a longitudinally shiftable piston disposed in a chamber that opens into the fuel injection pump. The shiftable piston includes perpendicularly disposed pin means arranged to cooperate with a fuel rack. In the rest position of the piston the regulating movements of the fuel rack caused by the governor are either unhindered because of the correspondingly long recess in the fuel rack, or limited to a predetermined travel path.

Abstract: Drive mechanism for a four-wheel-drive tractor, comprising a pair of input shafts in double tube construction with one fitted to nest in the other, main gearing shaft assembly, differential gearing, front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly, gearing wheels provided in both frontal and rear portions of the front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly, a power-take-off shaft and a drive shaft-assembly. Driving power taken out from the gearing wheel provided in front portion of the front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly is transmitted to front wheels via a transmission shaft with a mating gear, disposed at an underbelly portion of the tractor. The drive assembly is provided above the differential gearing. With this construction, the front-wheel-drive-shaft can be made short, sufficient empty space height can be provided in the underbelly portion of the tractor, and the transmission housing can be minimized.

Abstract: An rpm regulator for a fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine such as an injection pump controlled by an annular slide connected to a lever-controlled adjustment device which acts in a regulating manner to effect a delivery quantity decrease as the rpm increases in a positive adjustment, the regulator including a double-armed intermediate lever, whose first lever arm is coupled with the delivery quantity adjusting member of the injection pump and whose second lever arm is acted upon by an rpm signal indicator acting against the force of a regulating spring with a single-armed adjustment lever pivotally mounted on and overlying the free end of the second lever arm between the intermediate lever and a drag lever biased by the regulating spring, the adjustment being supported on one side near its axis of rotation at a hinge point on the drag lever and on the other side on the intermediate lever by engagement of its free end with an elastically yielding stop.

Abstract: Solidification or consolidation, for fixation of various kinds of waste matter, soil etc. containing toxic contaminants affecting ecological system of the environment, by use of composition made up of hydraulic cement and particular additive. The additive essentially contains at least one sulfate, such as aluminum sulfate, alum or iron sulfate, and at least one alkaline metal salt, such as carbonate, bicarbonate or silicate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting when the internal resistance of an oxygen sensor is too high for useful signal processing. A reference voltage is applied to the sensor signal to generate a test voltage which is compared with two different threshold voltages. The three possible magnitude states of the test voltage with respect to the thresholds cause the comparator output signals to define logical conditions which are processed by logical gating circuitry to inhibit a timing circuit which otherwise would switch fuel mixture preparation from sensor-controlled operation to open-loop, direct control after a period of time.

Abstract: There is proposed herein a method and apparatus for cooling, drying and separating casting pieces and molding sand and wherein the apparatus includes an opening that extends lengthwise therethrough, the cooling operation being conducted by inducting air in a rotary drum that is contiguous to a first rotary chamber that is in juxtaposition relative to a stationary chamber. The sand is caused to pass through perforated areas within the apparatus while the casting pieces continue through the axial opening in the stationary chamber. A perforated divider wall disposed between the first rotary chamber and the stationary chamber permits passage of sand to a discharge valve and vents air to atmosphere. In a further embodiment of the invention a polygonal sieve is disposed between the rotary chamber and the stationary chamber, said sieve being a truncated pyramid and provided with guide foils.

Abstract: A fuel mixture control apparatus for an electronic fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. In a warm-up controller, the fuel injection control pulses are lengthened for enrichment of the fuel-air mixture during engine warm-up on the basis of signals supplied by a temperature transducer. In order to make the warm-up enrichment dependent on prevailing engine states, for example on the conditions of idling and partial or full load, circuitry is provided to sense these conditions and to suitably alter the enrichment factor. A further circuit suppresses the dependence or enrichment on engine status during engine starting. Various embodiments are presented.

Abstract: An electrical length-measuring system comprises two capacitors and electronic means for obtaining an indication voltage proportional to the displacement. The measuring capacitor, whose capacitance is varied in a linear manner by the displacement to be measured, is connected to a reference a.c. voltage, whilst the reference capacitor with the same dielectric is connected to a measuring a.c. voltage of the same frequency and opposite phase, whose amplitude can be varied by electronic means in such a way that the a.c. voltage induced on an electrode common to both capacitors becomes zero, forcing the measuring a.c. voltage to be proportional to the displacement.Preferably the capacitance change of the measuring capacitor is brought about by an earthed screen inserted between both electrodes.

Abstract: A fuel control device for an internal combustion engine employing a fuel mixture preparation system in which the amount of fuel is set at will and the amount of combustion air is adjusted automatically. In order to provide sufficient air during abrupt and rapid actuations of the fuel control lever, there is provided a hydraulic differentiating mechanism which senses rapid displacements of the fuel control lever and which temporarily opens a channel leading from a source of high hydraulic pressure directly to the servo motor that pivots the air throttle, thereby causing additional opening of the air throttle and an increased rate of air flow. The high pressure channel is closed gradually after the occurrence of the abrupt fuel change.

Abstract: A method for the ventilation of fuel supply pumps as well as a new type of fuel supply pump are proposed which, particularly in pumps having two pumping stages coupled in series within the housing, serve to secure the ventilation of the first pumping stage. Preferably the first pumping stage is embodied as a lateral channel pump which has a forward anterior base plate. The ventilation bore is arranged axially at first in the base plate and in association with the lateral channel and is preferably formed during manufacture in one piece with the base plate; a reduction of the overly-large diameter of the ventilation bore is effected by the insertion of a reduction part to achieve the flow cross section required for ventilation. The ventilation to the outside of the lateral channel stage takes place via an external connection nozzle on the pump housing, which is secured thereon either axially or radially and can be embodied in one piece therewith as necessary.

Abstract: An rpm governor for diesel engines, with which an increased starting quantity of fuel, controlled by the rpm, is released automatically when the engine is started, but which is only released during a start when the engine is cold, and which is limited to the operational maximum when the engine is warm. The governor includes a starting device with a control lever which can be moved by the regulating member of the governor, which lever is connected to a stop which either limits the quantity to the operational maximum of releases the increased starting quantity, and to a thermostat, which causes the stop to be held in its position limiting the quantity to the operational maximum despite the control lever being activated by the regulating member.

Abstract: In order to sort a quantity of hard gelatin capsules of the type having at least a top and bottom and being filled with powdery contents, and to remove therefrom defective capsules which do not have a top or which may be cut or deformed in some way, the apparatus includes a first member with apertures for the capsules and a second member with similar apertures which are aligned with the first apertures in a first relative position of the two members. By applying suction to the top of the second member, intact capsules are urged into the second member while defective or deformed capsules are retained in the calibrated bore of the lower member. The two members undergo a relative displacement subsequent to which a discharge device moves rods into the individual orifice causing the discharge of intact capsules and defective capsules into different receiver chutes.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the loading of stencils comprising a plurality of blind bores or holes each adapted to accommodate a decorative article. The stencil is loaded by providing a stack of articles over the stencil and then producing relative translational movement between the stack and the stencil to deposit an article in each hole. Each article is of asymmetric configuration having a generally planar base so that when an article is deposited in a hole base downwards, the article is contained in the hole and when deposited in any other configuration, movement of the stack thereover urges the article out of the hole to allow another article to enter.

Abstract: A surge control system for a centrifugal compressor having a recycle line between the discharge and suction, modulates flow in the line in accordance with molecular weight and temperature of the gas being compressed, pressure drop across the inlet orifice, and pressure drop across and power input to the compressor. The system is based on the standard relation that the product of the gas constant times the pressure drop across the inlet orifice divided by the suction temperature equals the pressure drop across the compressor.