Abstract: A wheel drive structure for an agricultural tractor comprising a drive case housing a differential mechanism and reduction mechanisms to transmit power from said differential mechanism to wheels. The drive case comprises first and second case portions and said first case portion is made of a structural steel pipe.

Abstract: A pressure fluid reservoir comprising a cylinder with a reservoir connection, a piston displaceable in the cylinder and non-contact switch means for indicating piston positions. Between the reservoir connection and the piston, the cylinder encloses a pressure fluid chamber, which is intended for storing a pressure fluid such as hydraulic oil, brake pressure fluid or the like. Opposite the pressure fluid chamber, the piston defines a gas chamber. The non-contact switch indicating means comprise Reed contacts, for example, and are disposed outside the cylinder such that they are longitudinally adjustable along the cylinder. Adjustment is effected by a temperature-dependent adjusting means, embodied for instance as an expansion element. Permanent-magnet actuating means, for actuating the Reed contacts in a non-contacting manner are fixed in recesses in one side of the piston.

Abstract: A change speed operating apparatus for a tractor comprises an oil hydraulic stepless change speed device, a change speed pedal for operating the device, a change speed operating mechanism for connecting both of the device and the pedal, a neutral return mechanism for urging the change speed operating mechanism into a neutral position, a speed setting mechanism and permissible means for permitting an independent movement of the change speed operating mechanism in a direction of acceleration to forward traveling.

Abstract: A brake force regulating system for motor vehicles has a brake pedal, a brake regulator and transducers for ascertaining driving-situation variables which act upon the brake regulator. A desired value (Z.sub.s) of the deceleration (Z) of the motor vehicle is prespecified by the brake pedal; the actual value is ascertained; and the brake regulator is regulated by the deviation between the desired value and the actual value. Furthermore a regulation is provided in accordance with the slip between the road surface and the wheel.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which serves to supply fuel to an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes a metering and quantity distributing valve connected with regulating valves, which can be acted upon by the fuel pressure in a differential pressure control line. Communicating with a fuel supply line are a pressure limiting valve and a switch member, the latter having a switch diaphragm which is displaceable into a return flow chamber by the fuel pressure counter to a switch spring and a closing spring. Upon this displacement, via a tappet, a spring plate resting on the switch diaphragm opens a sealing valve, which rests at the mouth of an outflow line, which via a control throttle leads to the differential pressure control line. The pressure limiting valve is located upstream of the sealing valve. The return flow chamber is arranged to communicate with the fuel container via a return flow line.

Abstract: A dual element, spring-biased clamping device such as a bookend is proposed in which the clamping pressure exerted by the elements can be varied while maintaining the relative separation of the elements. One element comprises a polygonal wall to which a tethering cord is attached, the cord being spring-mountedly held within another element. In use, successive walls of the polygonal element can be brought to bear against the retained objects in an over-center relationship of the tethering cord with edge portions disposed between adjacent walls, the over-center relationship causing the polygonal element to snap tightly into place against the retained books.

Abstract: A casting apparatus comprising a member defining a molding space, and at least one conductor for electromagnetic induction heating mounted on the member at positions away from the molding space, the conductor being electrified to generate electromagnetic induction heat for a molten metal poured into the molding space.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing carton blanks, erecting and transferring cartons to a conveyor apparatus which includes a magazine for cartons and a rotor with a plurality of radially offstanding suction units. To attain a high output with an apparatus which is simple in structure, the rotor is disposed on a pivotable arm. On each pivoting movement of the rotor during one operating cycle, a carton blank is removed from the magazine while simultaneously formed carton is inserted into the conveyor apparatus at a transfer station. A counterpart suction device, which is associated with a station between the magazine and the transfer station, erects the cartons and breaks them on themselves.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed in which the fuel metering takes place during the intake stroke of the pump pistons via a fuel supply line in which a switching valve is mounted, which is opened upon the onset of the intake stroke of the pump pistons, closes in the course of this intake stroke and with this closing point also determines the injection onset upon the ensuing supply stroke of the pump pistons. The quantity of fuel to be injected is then limited by means of a pump-guided control edge, which is disposed on an annular slide provided on a free end of the distributor of the fuel injection pump; when a first control opening on the distributor which communicates with the pump work chamber coincides with a second control opening on the annular slide, the pump work chamber is relieved. The diversion or gradual shutoff point is controlled in the course of the compression stroke movement of the pump pistons by means of the relative rotation of the working point of the second control opening.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having an outwardly opening valve needle, which is connected with a piston upon which a damping cap is placed, which is supported on a shoulder integral with the housing. In the damping cap, a damping chamber is formed, which communicates via a throttle conduit with the flow path of the fuel. The diameter of the piston is smaller than the cross section enclosed by the valve seat, as a result of which an annular shoulder is attained, on which the unthrottled fuel pressure acts upon the valve needle in the opening direction. This disposition has the advantage that at lower rpm and smaller fuel quantities, the valve needle can be effectively braked even up to relatively long needle strokes, without the injection duration becoming overly long at higher rpm.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having an injection nozzle and following the injection nozzle a partition (12, 23, 29) which is provided with through openings (13) for the injection streams and is embodied as a guide device for a partial flow of combustion air, which flow is accelerated by the injector action of the fuel streams in the through openings (13). A device (26, 24, 32) for preheating the partial flow of combustion air is also secured to the partition (12, 23, 29). In this apparatus, the partial flow of combustion air circulates virtually continuously through the partition (12, 23, 29) embodied as a guide device, and the acceleration caused by the injector action of the fuel streams increases with increasing engine rpm. This has the advantage that over the entire power and rpm range of the engine, a uniform course of combustion and a reduction of toxic emissions is attainable.

Abstract: A speed governor for fuel injection pumps is proposed having a guide shaft guided in a cam plate to serve as the pivot shaft for a governor lever connecting an adjusting member and a supply quantity control member. The guide shaft is adjustable and guided appropriately by means of an adjusting lever so far as to form a variable-speed governor adapted to varying the full-load and maximum rpm. The cam plate is adjustable by a device by means of an operating parameter acting independently of the speed governor, for instance, the engagement of a cruising or overdrive gear in a manual transmission. Upon rotation of the cam plate, the guide shaft is displaced by a movement-coupling member into a position in which a minimum idling rpm is assured.

Abstract: An improved simplified portable padded security lock and carrier in combination for use with hinged doors comprising a lock bar provided with a slot medially thereof, an end bent out of the plane of said lock bar and an opposite end provided with ears or a tang to engage the latch aperture in the door jam striker plate. The lock bar is inserted through a padded lock body via a slotted aperture therein adjacent an enlarged portion in the end of the padded lock body, the end being designed to engage a tapered key element upon its insertion through the slot in the lock bar. After insertion of the tapered key element to such an extent as it will pass through the slot in the lock bar, an elastic retention means can be engaged with the opposite side of the lock bar so as to complete the assembly and render it unshakeable from its operative position.

Abstract: A pressure-medium brake system, which comprises multiple circuits and has associated with each brake cylinder or group of brake cylinders relay valves which are controllable by a control medium. Depending on the number of brake circuits and the kind of the respective control medium, the relay valves are provided with several, possibly different, control chambers. This results in an overlapping control which insures that each relay valve can even be controlled in the event that a control circuit has been lost. The brake system is preferably used in utility vehicles equipped with air brakes.

Abstract: A hydraulic dual-circuit tandem master brake cylinder intended for use in brake systems of motor vehicles is proposed, to which a closed brake circuit (I) and an open brake circuit (II), the latter reinforced by auxiliary pressure, are connected. In order to switch the control valve, the main brake cylinder has a foot-actuated push rod as an actuation member, with transmission of force via a control contour or a travel-limiting spring, and it furthermore has an auxiliary piston member near the pedal, this member having an effective surface for making the feedback of the brake pressure which has been established perceptible. In this manner, a small, compact master brake cylinder construction which is very favorable in price is created. It is furthermore of advantage that the pedal characteristic is designed optimally in terms of human engineering. The main cylinder can also be used at little expense for an anti-wheel-lock apparatus as well.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel injection valve and a process for the adjustment of the armature stroke (H) of the fuel injection valve is proposed, which serves to inject fuel under low pressure into the suction pipe of an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection valve surrounds an armature guided in a valve housing. This armature is tightly fastened to a movable valve section which cooperates with a fixed valve seat in a nozzle body supported in a nozzle carrier. The armature stroke can be adjusted in an assembled condition of the fuel injection valve by moving the nozzle body in an axial direction. For this the stroke (H.sub.eff) is measured by an odometrical system (distance sensing system) in the assembled condition of the fuel injection valve while the electromagnetic system is excited and the fixed valve seat provided on the nozzle body is displaced with the aid of a pressing tool by the difference between the measured stroke (H.sub.eff) and the desired armature stroke (H).

Abstract: A pencil sharpener which includes a sliding safety shield preventing operation of the sharpener with the pencil drawer removed and further preventing a pencil to be inserted into the sharpener so as to actuate the cutter assembly unless the shavings drawer is in its fully closed position. In addition a stop for a positive stop of the sharpening process is provided in transverse relation to the cutter assembly aperture so as to impinge upon the cutter assembly and stop the cutter assembly at a zero clearance position with a holder therefor, so as to prohibit the formation of a burr or other irregularity on the pencil point.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for shielding an air flow rate meter, in particular a hot wire air flow rate meter, or protecting it, from air column fluctuations in the intake tube on an internal combustion engine arising from the non-uniform aspiration of air by the engine. Before the air flow rate meter as viewed from the inlet valve area of the intake tube, elastic diaphragm means are disposed such that they form an interior chamber in the intake tube which is sealed off from the atmosphere on the one hand, yet is embodied such that a virtually constant pressure, which corresponds to atmospheric pressure, can be maintained in it. As a result, pressure waves arriving from the intake tube are absorbed prior to contact with the air flow rate meter and transmitted in terms of their energetic effects to the ambient air, so that the air flow rate meter is uncoupled from the air column fluctuations in the intake tube that are generated by the engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having a valve needle loaded with a closing spring and having a damping device which damps the end stroke (h.sub.2), leading into the fully open position of the valve needle, in accordance with the number of strokes and/or stroke length of the valve needle or with the quantity of fuel put through per injection event. The valve needle is coupled with a second damping device, which in partial-load and full-load operation also, at least intermittently, damps the initial stroke (h.sub.1), leading out of the closing position, of the valve needle. As a result it is attained that for a wide range of the performance graph, the ratio of the injection quantity to the duration of injection can be optimized in terms of the fuel consumption and emission of toxic substances, without having to accept increased combustion noise in the critical ranges.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable valve is proposed, which serves in particular to inject fuel into the intake tube of internal combustion engines having fuel injection systems. The fuel injection valve includes a valve housing, a core having a magnetic coil and an armature, which is guided by a guide diaphragm and is firmly connected to a bearing tube. Protruding into the bearing tube is a spherical pivot segment of a valve member, which is on the one hand partially surrounded and engaged by a pan-shaped segment of the bearing tube and on the other hand is axially fixed by means of a retainer ring. Joined to the pivot segment is an elongation segment, on the other end of which a spherical sealing segment is secured, and which is further radially guided by means of a guide ring and thereby cooperates with a valve seat in a nozzle body. Since the pivot segment is pivotably supported in the bearing tube, shear forces at the armature have no effect on the sealing segment.