Abstract: A redundancy scheme for a memory is disclosed that is programmable both before and after the memory device is packaged and/or installed in a system. This is preferably accomplished by using programmable non-volatile memory elements to control the replacement circuitry. Because the programmable memory elements are non-volatile, the desired replacement configuration is not lost during shipping, or if power is lost in a system. By allowing post-packaging replacement of defective memory elements, the overall yield of the device may be improved. By allowing post system installation replacement of defective memory elements, the reliability of many systems may be improved. In addition, the disclosed redundancy scheme allows two or more defective memory elements from different rows or columns to be replaced with memory elements from a single redundant low or column. This provides added flexibility during the replacement process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aggregate recycling apparatus having an air circulation type foreign substance and fine particle separation means which directs a blast of air, circulated in a dry state, toward waste having passed through a crushing process immediately after the crushing of the waste and removes fine particles and foreign substances using a cyclone, thereby removing dust generated in the course of separating and screening the waste, and a method thereof. The aggregate recycling apparatus includes a crushing device for crushing waste, an air circulation type fine particle and foreign substance separation device for directing re-circulated air to crushed products received from the crushing device, scattering fine particles and foreign substances and collecting dust in a cyclone, an air conveyor for conveying crushed products deprived of the fine particles and foreign substances, and a double vibration screen for screening the crushed products received from the air conveyor.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for preparing persimmon vinegar, in which persimmon extract is added to persimmon concentrate to obtain a mixture and then the mixture is spray dried; and vinegar powder having a taste and a smell convenient to eat, produced by the process. The persimmon vinegar powder is prepared by concentrating persimmon vinegar to 12˜18° BX using vacuum concentrator to obtain a concentrate of persimmon vinegar; adding 15˜30 weight % of extract of persimmon leaf and 5˜9 weight % of cyclodextrin, based on the weight of the concentrate, to the concentrate to obtain a solution and then stirring the solution; dissolving 1˜5 weight % of lactose, 25˜35 weight % of maltodextrin, and 5˜9 weight % of gum, based on weight of the concentrate, in the stirred solution and homogenizing the solution: and spray drying the homogenized solution to obtain a powder.

Abstract: A high-speed search method in a speech encoder using an order character of LSP (Line Spectrum Pair) parameters in an LSP parameter quantizer using SVQ (Split Vector Quantization) used in a low-speed transmission speech encoder, includes the steps of rearranging a codebook according to an element value of a reference row for determining a range of code vectors to be searched; and determining a search range by using an order character between a given target vector and an arranged code vector to obtain an optimal code vector. The method gives effects of reducing computational complexity required to search the codebook without signal distortion in quantizing the LSP parameters of the speech encoder using SVQ, and reducing computational complexity without loss of tone quality in G.729 fixed codebook search by performing candidate selection and search on the basis of the correlation value size of the pulse position index.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device for consuming a uniform amount of current includes a memory cell block including a N normal wordline and a M preliminary wordline; a refresh address counting block for outputting a refresh address, having a plurality of bits, corresponding to the N normal wordline and the M preliminary wordline; a refresh counting control block for resetting the refresh address counting block when the refresh address counts a predetermined count during a test mode; and a row decoding block for refreshing unit cells coupled to the N normal wordline and unit cells coupled to the M preliminary wordline of the memory cell block according to the refresh address and a redundancy control signal outputted from the refresh counting control block, wherein M, N are positive integers.

Abstract: A system and method that simulate a system locale for non-Unicode application programs having languages that do not correspond to the system locale, to appropriately convert text data via a character set according to the application's native language. A shim mechanism converts the data in a program's relevant function calls based on a character set codepage for the program that corresponds to the program's language. The conversion is performed on a program-by-program basis, whereby multiple programs can properly execute simultaneously, even when programs have different languages and thus different character set codepages. Automatic language detection is provided, when possible, to determine the appropriate system locale to simulate via a corresponding codepage table. A user interface in the form of a wizard is provided to associate selected script-dependent applications with the needed conversion information, and/or to manually receive a language when automatic detection is unsuccessful.

Abstract: A low-power transmitting apparatus and transmission method in a wireless personal area network (WPAN). A length of a fragment, a data rate, and a transmission power is selected to transmit a frame with minimum energy consumption in a contention period and a contention-free period. Thus, a quality of service (QoS) requirement for the transmission can be satisfied and the data frame can be transmitted with less energy consumption. Even when the channel status changes, a new transmission criterion suitable for the changed channel status is selected to minimize the consumption of the unnecessary energy. Furthermore, the life span of the network according to the energy consumption under a restricted environment can be lengthened.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte extends the cycle life, improves the safety, and reduces the swelling of a battery, compared with a polymer electrolyte containing a poly(alkylene oxide) polymer. Also, a lithium battery utilizes the polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte contains a polymerized product from a polymer electrolyte forming composition containing a multifunctional isocyanurate monomer of a particular structure, a lithium salt, and a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling the characteristics of a double relaxation oscillation SQUID having a reference junction. In the method of controlling characteristics of a reference junction-type double relaxation oscillation SQUID (RJ-DROS) having a signal SQUID and a reference junction, a reference DC current flows through the reference junction in order to control the characteristics of the DROS. A modulation width of an averaged relaxation voltage, which reacts to a magnetic flux, may be controlled at the reference junction. An amount (modulation depth) of an averaged relaxation voltage, which reacts to a magnetic flux, may be controlled at the reference junction. An amount of an operation application current may be controlled at the reference junction. Accordingly, the reference current of the reference junction can be changed by causing the current to flow through the reference junction.

Abstract: A light-guide plate includes an incident surface receiving light, an upper surface extended from a first side of the incident surface, a lower surface opposed to the upper surface and a plurality of first prisms protruding from the upper surface and spaced apart by a separation distance.

Abstract: Provided are hydroxycucurbituril derivatives, their preparation methods and uses. The hydroxycucurbituril derivative is easy to further functionalize with enhanced solubility in common solvents, thereby providing wider applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an oil separator and a cooling-cycle apparatus using the oil separator. To a casing of the separator is connected an inflow tube to supply gaseous refrigerant and oil into the casing for allowing them flowing in a swirl pattern, thereby being separated from each other in a cyclone separation manner. Such a separation manner results in an improved oil separation efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing channel estimation in an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system using multiple antennas, and a method for performing channel estimation using received sub-carriers in an OFDM system for receiving a sub-carrier having a training symbol and another sub-carrier having no training symbol comprising the steps of: a) differently setting a weight associated with a reliability of the sub-carrier having the training symbol and a weight associated with a reliability of the sub-carrier having no training symbol, b) measuring channel estimation errors associated with individual received sub-carriers, and c) performing channel estimation using the measured channel estimation errors and the set weights.

Abstract: A thinner composition includes propylene glycol ether acetate, methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propionate, and an ester compound such as ethyl lactate, ethyl 3-ethoxy propionate or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tetrahydrofuran compound having cis substituents, the derivatives thereof and a process for preparing the same, and in particular relates to a dihydrofuran-3-ylidene triflate compound having cis substituents at C2 and C5 positions prepared through Prins-type cyclization using a homopropargylic alcohol derivative as a starting material in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst, a tetrahydrofuran compound having cis substituents at C2, C3 and C5 positions prepared through the hydrolysis of triflate group in the derivatives of the dihydrofuran-3-ylidene triflate compound, and a preparation method thereof. The derivatives and the target tetrahydrofuran compound prepared according to the present invention are hydrofuran compounds with novel structures having cis substituents at C2, C3 and/or C5 positions, which are useful as a derivative for synthesizing drugs such as an antagonist for neurokinin receptor.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recording data on an optical recording medium form a mark or a space by using a recording waveform having an erase pattern containing a multi-pulse. The method and the apparatus prevent distortion of the mark or the space and improve a mark shape such that a recording/reproducing characteristic of the optical recording medium is improved.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a CMOS image sensor is provided, in which a trapezoidal microlens pattern profile is formed to facilitate reflowing the microlens pattern and by which a curvature of the microlens may be enhanced to raise its light-condensing efficiency. The method includes forming a plurality of photodiodes on a semiconductor substrate; forming an insulating interlayer on the semiconductor substrate including the photodiodes; forming a protective layer on the insulating interlayer; forming a plurality of color filters corresponding to the photodiodes; forming a top coating layer on the color filters; forming a microlens pattern on the top coating layer; and forming a plurality of microlenses by reflowing the microlens pattern.

Abstract: A method for preparing poly(2,5-benzimidazole) whereby 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid is polymerized using a dehydrating reagent containing P2O5 and CX3SO3H where X is H or F. The poly(2,5-benzimidazole) has good proton conductivity and low methanol permeability, and therefore can be used as a polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell.