Formation of Field Effect Transistor Devices
A method includes defining active regions on a substrate, forming a dummy gate stack material over exposed portions of the active regions of the substrate and non-active regions of the substrate, removing portions of the dummy gate stack material to expose portions of the active regions and non-active regions of the substrate and define dummy gate stacks, forming a gap-fill dielectric material over the exposed portions of the substrate and the source and drain regions, removing portions of the gap-fill dielectric material to expose the dummy gate stacks, removing the dummy gate stacks to form dummy gate trenches, forming dividers within the dummy gate trenches, depositing gate stack material inside the dummy gate trenches, over the dividers, and the gap-fill dielectric material, and removing portions of the gate stack material to define gate stacks.
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The present invention relates to semiconductor field effect transistor device fabrication.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ARTIn order to increase layout density, especially in high-density features such as static random access memory (SRAM), crisp patterning of gate line-ends has become more desirable. However, as gate pitch shrinks, the ability of photolithography to resolve 2-dimensional patterns is degraded. One solution is to use two patterning steps. The first patterning step is used define lines at the critical gate pitch, allowing features with small end-to-end spacing to merge into continuous lines. The second patterning step is then used to define small breaks in the merged gate lines. During the course of the device fabrication, the space between line ends tends to undesirably grow larger due to processes such as dry or wet etches that erode short edges faster than long edges. This eventual growth in end-to-end spacing is anticipated in the initial design and layout of the gate pattern. Spaces in between gates are filled by dielectric during the course of fabrication, either spacer material, liner material or middle-of-the-line dielectric material.
SUMMARYAccording to one embodiment of the present invention, a method includes defining active regions on a substrate, forming a dummy gate stack material over exposed portions of the active regions of the substrate and non-active regions of the substrate, removing portions of the dummy gate stack material to expose portions of the active regions and non-active regions of the substrate and define dummy gate stacks, forming a gap-fill dielectric material over the exposed portions of the substrate and the source and drain regions, removing portions of the gap-fill dielectric material to expose the dummy gate stacks, removing the dummy gate stacks to form dummy gate trenches, forming dividers within the dummy gate trenches, depositing gate stack material inside the dummy gate trenches, over the dividers, and the gap-fill dielectric material, and removing portions of the gate stack material to define gate stacks.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, device includes a gate stack disposed on a substrate, a first portion of the gate stack contacting a first dielectric material, and a second portion of the gate stack contacting a printable dielectric material.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention a semiconductor device includes a first gate stack disposed on a substrate, a second gate stack disposed on the substrate, and a printable dielectric material disposed between the first gate stack and the second gate stack.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with the advantages and the features, refer to the description and to the drawings.
The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The forgoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Replacement gate is a flow for manufacturing semiconductor field effect transistors. There exist a multitude of variations of replacement gate flows, but they usually involve the formation of a dummy gate which is used as a place holder to define the location of where the final gate will eventually be formed. Source and drain junctions are defined using any combination of processes which can be self-aligned to the dummy gate, including, for example, spacer formation, ion implantation, impurity diffusion, epitaxial growth, and silicide formation. Then, with the source and drain in place high thermal budget steps such as dopant activation, epitaxial precleans and growths, etc. can be performed before the final gate material is put in place. At some point during the flow, a gap-fill dielectric is deposited, and the surface of the structures is planarized so that the tops of the dummy gates are exposed. The dummy gate is removed, leaving trenches inside the dielectric. At some point after this, a final gate stack including is put in place and the wafer is planarized again to remove any gate stack materials not inside a trench left by the dummy gate.
The term printable dielectric is used to refer to a class of materials which can be spun on like a resist, and then cross-linked into a dielectric using a lithographic process such as, for example, 193 nm photolithography, extreme UV lithography (EUV), or electron beam lithography. Examples include HSQ (hydrogen silsesquioxane), which cross-links into SiO2 under electron beam or EUV exposure, and MSQ (methyl silsesquioxane)-based materials which have been modified to be cross-linked into SiCOH materials by 193 nm or EUV lithography.
The embodiments described below include methods for forming gate features with small end-to-end spacing that are merged into a continuous line for the dummy gate patterning. The adjacent gate end-to-end definition is recovered after dummy gate removal and before deposition of the final gate stack by lithographically defining pillars of printable dielectric inside the dummy gate trenches.
Once the dummy gate material 302 has been deposited, portions of the dummy gate material 302 may be removed to expose portions of the non-active regions of the substrate 200 and active regions 202. The exposed portion of the active regions become the source and drain contacts of the final FET device. In this regard,
Referring to
Following the formation of the gate stacks 902 (of
The embodiments described above allow the gate stacks 902 to be formed with a space between end portions 901 that is defined by the width (w) of the dividers 702. Thus, once the dividers 702 have been formed to a desired width, the space between end portions 901 of the gate stacks 902 will remain appreciably defined throughout the fabrication process.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated
The flow diagrams depicted herein are just one example. There may be many variations to this diagram or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention.
While the preferred embodiment to the invention had been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described.
Claims
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
- a gate stack disposed on a substrate;
- a first portion of the gate stack contacting a first dielectric material; and
- a second portion of the gate stack contacting a printable dielectric material.
17. The device of claim 16, wherein the first dielectric material is arranged on the substrate.
18. The device of claim 16, wherein the printable dielectric material includes a hydrogen silsesquioxane material.
19. The device of claim 16, wherein the printable dielectric material includes a methyl silsesquioxane material.
20. A semiconductor device comprising:
- a first gate stack disposed on a substrate;
- a second gate stack disposed on the substrate; and
- a printable dielectric material disposed between the first gate stack and the second gate stack.
Type: Application
Filed: May 31, 2011
Publication Date: Dec 6, 2012
Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (Armonk, NY)
Inventors: Josephine B. Chang (Mahopac, NY), Paul C. Chang (Bedford Hills, NY), Michael A. Guillorn (Yorktown Heights, NY), Jeffrey W. Sleight (Ridgefield, CT)
Application Number: 13/118,689
International Classification: H01L 29/792 (20060101); H01L 21/336 (20060101);