`BA 78-165` Kentucky Bluegrass
A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot and melting out disease, red thread and powdery mildew; a moderate tolerance to billbugs; a medium deep green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form a medium to high quality turf under a variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide leaf blade; a low growth habit; and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Latest OMS Investments, Inc. Patents:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pretensis that has been designated Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 6,537 and 6,538, issued on Jan. 17, 1989; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,036, issued Jan. 3, 1995; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,209, issued Jul. 18, 1995; and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/453,854, filed May 30, 1995, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,611; Ser. No. 08/532,995, filed Sep. 22, 1995, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,848, and Ser. No. No. 08/604,763, filed Feb. 23, 1996, as well as U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/680,167, filed coextensively herewith.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETYBa 78-165 plant material originated by crossing Ba 74-157, an unreleased Kentucky Bluegrass plant maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery, as the seed parent with Ba 74-501, another unreleased Kentucky Bluegrass plant maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery, as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Ore. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later seed production fields.
Asexual production of Ba 78-165 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba 78-165 is approximately 96% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 78-165 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot; a medium to high level of resistance to Erysiphe graminis that causes powdery mildew and a medium to high level of resistance to Laettiseria fuciformis that causes red thread. Ba 78-165 has an attractive leafy turf type, low growth habit; moderately wide leaf blades and a medium deep green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season. Ba 78-165 demonstrates good early spring greening and good winter color under mild winter conditions.
Ba 78-165 is an overall good turfgrass performer as evidenced by medium to high scores for quality and color. Ba 78-165 has a high seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of the northwestern United States.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, Ba 78-165 has a significantly longer seed and rachilla than many other Kentucky Bluegrasses and a significantly lower seed count than several other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The panicle of Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass is significantly shorter than many other Kentucky Bluegrasses, and below average in width, whorl number and branch counts per whorl. Ba 78-165 has, on average, smaller spikelets, glumes and number of florets. The peduncle is above average in length and width. It has a flag leaf that is below average in length, above average in width and thickness relative to most other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The flag leaf ligule is of average length and the leaf margin has significantly fewer hairs than other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The vegetative leaf is above average in length and width and slightly below average in thickness. The ligule of the vegetative leaf is significantly shorter than most other Kentucky Bluegrasses. Ba 78-165 has significantly fewer hairs on the upper ligule margin and collar margin than several of the Kentucky Bluegrass varieties and significantly more hairs than other Kentucky Bluegrasses on the dorsal side of the leaf.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGFIG. 1 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass plant shortly after completing anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETYBa 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 47.5 cm in length and 3.1 nodes per culm. The uppermost internode averages 14.8 cm in length. The peduncle averages 22.4 cm in length and 0.73 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 24.2 cm in length, 3.9 mm in width, 0.23 mm in thickness and the ligule 0.35 mm in length. The flag leaf averages 4.0 cm in length, 3.5 mm in width, 0.12 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 1.45 min.
The panicle averages 78.7 mm in length, 48.2 mm in width, and 8.1 whorls. The lowest whorl and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle average 3.2 and 2.5 branches, respectively. A spikelet in the lowest whorl averages 4.3 mm in length, 2.1 mm in width, 2.8 florets and the outer glume and inner glume average 2.9 and 3.2 mm in length, respectively. A spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the particle averages 4.5 mm in length, 2.2 mm in width, 2.9 florets, and the outer glume and inner glume averages 2.7 mm and 3.4 mm in length, respectively.
The conditioned seed of Ba 78-165 averages 3.32 mm in length, 0.97 mm in width, and a rachilla length of 0.50 min. It has a high level of hairs at the base of the lemma, and at the margins of the palea.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in terms of seed numbers per pound are shown in Table 1 as follows:
TABLE 1
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Comparison of Seeds Per Pound after Conditioning of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties.
Seeds
Variety Per Pound
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Ba78-165 965,500
Ba73-366 993,500
Ba78-381 1,023,250
Abbey 988,500
Buckingham 978,000
Coventry 1,374,750
Garfield 1,250,500
Merit 1,250,250
LSD (.50) 77,042
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Ba 78-165 differs significantly from several of the other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to the following morphological characteristics: (1) seed length; (2) rachilla length; (3) panicle length; (4) number of branches in the third whorl; (5) spikelet length in the lowest whorl; (6) glumes in the third whorl; (7) culm length and internode length and color; (8) flag leaf margin hairs; (9) vegetative leaf ligule length, and (10) hairs on the upper margin of the ligule, collar margin and the leaf dorsal side.
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of Ba 78-165 were made with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties under like conditions and the comparisons are set forth in Tables 2-10 as follows:
TABLE 2
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Morphological Comparison of Seed, Rachilla and Lemma and Palea
Hairs of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties
After Conditioning
Seed Hairs*
Length Width Rachilla Lemma Palea
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Ba 78-165
3.23 0.97 0.50 4.00 1.60
Ba 77-700
3.20 0.85 0.77 2.80 0.90
Abbey 3.02 0.85 0.56 1.80 0.40
Ascot 3.00 0.81 0.68 6.30 1.50
Cannon 3.32 0.85 0.72 0.20 2.00
Gnome 2.93 0.90 0.61 2.10 0.80
Merit 2.85 0.78 0.62 0.90 0.15
Viva 2.72 0.77 0.79 1.20 0.20
LSD (.05)
0.191 0.072 0.177 1.53 0.823
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*Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = most hairs
TABLE 3
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Morphological Comparison of Panicles, Whorl Number and Whorl
Branches of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
Panicles Number of Branches
Length Width Whorl Lowest
Third
Variety
mm mm Number Whorl Whorl
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Ba 78-165
78.7 48.2 8.1 3.2 2.5
Ba 77-700
87.7 57.9 8.2 3.9 3.3
Abbey 86.4 54.1 9.0 4.1 3.3
Ascot 91.4 60.7 9.1 2.4 2.3
Cannon 91.7 49.9 8.9 4.4 3.6
Gnome 85.4 43.7 9.1 3.6 3.4
Merit 77.3 38.9 8.1 2.9 2.8
Viva 82.5 46.6 8.0 3.4 3.0
LSD (.05)
8.03 8.83 0.65 0.71 0.59
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TABLE 4
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Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Florets of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse
at Marysville, OH
Number of
Spikelet* Florets
Lowest Whorl Third Whorl Per Spikelet
Length Width Length Width Lowest
Third
Variety
mm mm mm mm Whorl Whorl
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Ba 78-165
4.3 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.8 2.9
Ba 77-700
4.6 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.9 3.2
Abbey 5.0 2.3 4.9 2.3 3.3 3.3
Ascot 5.3 2.3 5.5 2.5 3.2 3.6
Cannon 4.7 2.0 4.8 2.1 3.2 3.1
Gnome 4.5 2.3 4.7 2.2 3.2 3.0
Merit 5.0 2.5 5.2 2.5 3.9 3.8
Viva 4.9 1.9 5.0 2.0 3.3 3.3
LSD (.05)
0.43 0.35 0.46 0.34 0.52 0.59
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TABLE 5
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Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
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Glume Length (mm)
Outer Inner
Lowest Third Lowest
Third
Variety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl
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Ba 78-165 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.4
Ba 77-700 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.5
Abbey 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.5
Ascot 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.5
Cannon 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.5
Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3
Merit 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5
Viva 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.6
LSD (.05) 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28
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Glume Width
Outer Inner
Lowest Whorl Third
Whorl
Variety Outer Inner Outer
Inner
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Ba 78-165 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6
Ba 77-700 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7
Abbey 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8
Ascot 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9
Cannon 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8
Gnome 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8
Merit 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9
Viva 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7
LSD (.05) 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14
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TABLE 6
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Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse
at Marysville, OH
Length Width Thickness
Ligule
Variety (cm) (mm) (mm) Length (mm)
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Ba 78-165 4.0 3.5 0.12 1.45
Ba 77-700 4.1 3.0 0.08 1.35
Abbey 4.7 3.6 0.12 1.53
Ascot 4.4 2.9 0.11 1.52
Cannon 5.3 3.7 0.12 1.75
Gnome 4.6 3.2 0.10 1.40
Merit 4.2 2.3 0.08 0.98
Viva 3.4 2.5 0.11 1.45
LSD (.05) 1.14 0.61 0.02 0.24
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TABLE 7
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Morphological Comparison of the Levels of Hairs on the Flag Leaves of
Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, OH
Hairs*
Ligule Leaf Leaf Sheath
Leaf Sheath
Variety Dorsal Margin Margin Dorsal
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Ba 78-165
2.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
Ba 77-700
1.3 1.8 0.8 0.0
Abbey 1.9 2.2 1.3 0.6
Ascot 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.2
Cannon 1.4 2.4 0.8 0.0
Gnome 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.4
Merit 1.0 1.8 0.9 1.4
Viva 2.5 1.5 0.4 0.0
LSD (.05)
0.83 0.72 0.79 0.62
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*Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
TABLE 8
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Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Number of Nodes per
Culm, and Internode Length and Color of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
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Peduncle Peduncle Culm
Length Width Length
Variety cm mm cm
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Ba 78-165 22.4 0.73 47.5
Ba 77-700 21.6 0.68 50.6
Abbey 21.5 0.77 40.6
Ascot 17.5 0.68 41.9
Cannon 20.0 0.74 48.3
Gnome 17.3 0.69 40.6
Merit 23.6 0.66 44.1
Viva 19.7 0.55 50.7
LSD (.05) 2.6 0.08 2.6
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Number Top Top
of Nodes Internode Internode
Variety Per Culm Length (cm)
Color*
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Ba 78-165 3.1 14.8 1.9
Ba 77-700 3.2 14.7 0.2
Abbey 2.6 10.7 0.1
Ascot 3.1 14.6 1.6
Cannon 3.6 13.4 0.0
Gnome 3.2 10.6 7.2
Merit 3.0 11.8 0.8
Viva 3.5 14.9 0.0
LSD (.05) 0.5 1.2 0.8
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*Rating Scale; 1-9, 9 = dark purple color
TABLE 9
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Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH
Length Width Thickness
Length
Variety cm mm mm mm
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Ba 78-165 24.2 3.9 0.23 0.35
Ba 77-700 23.2 3.5 0.23 0.50
Abbey 19.3 3.5 0.21 0.45
Ascot 20.4 3.2 0.21 0.42
Cannon 24.6 3.6 0.40 0.46
Gnome 19.5 3.8 0.24 0.48
Merit 21.8 3.6 0.23 0.41
Viva 25.0 3.2 0.24 0.40
LSD (.05) 3.67 0.42 0.14 0.06
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TABLE 10
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Morphological Comparison of the Level of Hair on the Vegetative Leaves
of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties
in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH.
Leaf Leaf Ligule
Leaf Leaf
Sheath Sheath Upper Mar- Collar
Vent-
Leaf
Variety
Margin Dorsal Margin
gin Margin
ral Dorsal
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Ba 78-165
3.3 3.9 4.5 1.3 2.0 0.2 1.7
Ba 77-700
3.1 5.3 7.3 1.5 2.9 0.2 0.1
Abbey 2.1 3.3 3.9 0.4 2.9 1.0 0.2
Ascot 3.0 3.2 4.1 0.9 3.5 0.0 0.9
Cannon 3.2 3.7 6.2 0.4 2.9 0.9 0.7
Gnome 2.9 3.1 5.6 1.0 3.9 0.9 0.5
Merit 3.7 3.0 5.4 0.1 3.2 0.5 0.0
Viva 4.3 3.9 6.6 1.5 4.5 0.2 0.2
LSD (.05)
1.21 0.98 1.10 0.75 0.87 0.61 0.54
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*Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
Ba 78-165 has performed well throughout the U.S. as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in comparison with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a dark green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season.
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 78-165 plants relative to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the vegetative color of Ba 78-165 during mid-October while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 78-165 was determined to be 7.5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ascot -- 5 GY 4/4; Buckingham -- 7.5 GY 4/4; Ba 77-700 -- 5 GY 4/6; Midnight -- 7.5 GY 4/4; Abbey -- 5 GY 4/6; and Victa -- 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color of turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for quality, genetic color, spring greening, summer greenup after dormancy, seedling vigor, density, fall recovery, vertical growth, heat stress, and winter color are set forth hereinafter in Tables 11-25 as follows:
TABLE 11
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A Comparison of Quality in Three Test (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, Ohio
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C
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Ba 78-165 3.5 2.7 2.0
Abbey 1.8 2.0 1.5
Banff 2.9 2.1 1.6
Bonnieblue
1.6 2.0 1.6
Bristol 3.3 2.0 1.6
Chateau 3.5 2.0 1.5
Coventry 3.3 2.3 1.6
Estate 3.5 2.0 1.7
Glade 2.4 2.0 1.5
Kelly 1.5 1.9 1.7
Monopoly 3.3 3.0 1.7
Newport 1.4 2.4 1.7
Victa 1.4 2.0 1.7
LSD (.05) 0.82 0.62 0.29
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Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 12
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A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A* TEST B* TEST C**
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Ba 78-165 2.2 2.6 5.0
Allure 1.3 2.4 4.3
Adelphi 1.7 2.1 5.0
Bonnieblue
2.0 2.5 4.0
Bristol 1.9 2.1 4.3
Chateau 1.1 2.3 4.0
Estate 1.3 2.5 4.3
Glade 1.8 2.1 3.7
Merit 2.0 2.1 3.3
Park 1.3 1.9 4.3
Vantage 1.2 2.0 4.0
Victa 1.8 2.2 5.0
LSD (.05) 0.39 0.30 1.67
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*Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf
**Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 13
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A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties ay Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C
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Ba 78-165 2.5 2.5 2.1
Adelphi 2.3 1.8 1.8
Bristol 2.7 2.9 1.9
Glade 1.8 1.8 1.6
Newport 1.4 1.0 1.8
Ram I 2.0 2.3 2.0
Victa 2.2 1.8 1.4
LSD (.05) 0.95 1.23 0.42
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Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 14
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A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C
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Ba 78-165 6.0 7.0 7.0
Abbey 3.0 3.0 6.0
Adelphi 6.0 5.0 7.0
Baron 4.5 4.5 5.5
Bristol 5.5 5.5 7.5
Chateau 7.0 6.0 6.5
Classic 4.0 4.0 6.0
Coventry 5.0 4.5 6.5
Estate 6.5 5.5 6.5
Georgetown
6.0 2.0 6.0
Glade 5.5 6.0 6.5
Gnome 4.5 4.5 5.5
Kelly 5.0 4.0 6.0
Kenblue 5.0 6.0 5.0
Merion 4.0 5.0 7.0
Merit 4.0 4.0 5.5
Nassau 5.5 5.0 6.0
Ram I 5.0 4.5 6.5
Victa 5.0 4.5 6.0
LSD (.05) 2.23 3.36 1.50
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 15
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A Comparison of Color of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, OH
Variety Color
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Ba 78-165
7.5
Abbey 7.0
Adelphi 7.0
Baron 7.0
Bristol 7.0
Chateau 7.5
Classic 6.5
Coventry
7.0
Estate 7.5
Georgetown
7.0
Glade 7.0
Gnome 7.0
Kelly 6.5
Kenblue 7.0
Merion 7.0
Merit 7.0
Nassau 7.0
Ram I 7.0
Victa 7.0
LSD (.05)
0.77
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 16
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A Comparison of Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, Oh.
Variety TEST A TEST B
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Ba 78-165 7.3 7.3
Abbey 6.3 7.0
Able I 7.6 8.0
Allure 6.3 7.0
Ascot 8.0 7.3
A-34 6.0 6.3
Banff 6.7 6.3
Baron 7.0 7.3
Bristol 7.7 7.0
Buckingham 8.0 8.0
Cannon 7.0 7.7
Challenger 7.3 6.7
Classic 6.7 6.7
Coventry 6.3 7.0
Eclipse 7.0 8.0
Estate 6.0 7.0
Georgetown 7.0 6.7
Glade 7.0 7.0
Gnome 7.3 7.3
Haga 7.0 6.7
Kelly 6.7 7.0
Kenblue 7.0 7.0
Liberty 7.0 7.3
Merion 6.7 7.0
Merit 6.3 7.0
Midnight 7.7 9.0
Monopoly 6.0 6.0
Nassau 8.0 7.0
Ram I 7.3 7.0
South Dakota 7.0 7.0
Touchdown 7.0 7.0
Victa 7.0 7.0
Viva 6.7 7.0
LSD (.05) 0.72 0.62
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 17
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A Comparison of Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.
Variety TEST A TEST B
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Ba 78-165 6.8 7.7
Ba 78-372 7.3 7.3
Ba 77-700 8.0 8.0
Abbey 7.7 8.0
Able I 7.0 8.7
A-34 6.7 6.3
Allure 7.2 7.0
Ascot 7.5 8.0
Baron 8.0 7.3
Banff 7.0 7.0
Bristol 7.7 7.7
Buckingham 8.0 8.7
Cannon 8.0 8.0
Classic 6.2 7.0
Challenger 6.8 7.0
Coventry 7.5 7.0
Eclipse 6.8 7.3
Estate 7.5 7.0
Fairfax 6.7 7.0
Glade 7.3 8.0
Gnome 8.0 7.3
Georgetown 6.7 6.7
Haga 7.0 7.0
Kelly 7.8 7.3
Kenblue 4.3 8.3
Liberty 7.2 7.3
Merion 6.0 6.7
Merit 7.8 7.7
Midnight 6.2 9.0
Monopoly 7.0 6.7
Nassau 7.7 8.0
Ram I 5.5 8.0
South Dakota 4.3 7.7
Touchdown 7.0 6.7
Viva 7.7 7.7
LSD (.05) 0.74 0.69
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 18
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A Comparison of Spring Greenup of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
SPRING
Variety GREENUP
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Ba 78-165
5.0
Abbey 3.7
Adelphi 4.3
Allure 3.3
Ascot 5.0
Baron 4.0
Bristol 4.7
Buckingham
3.7
Chateau 3.3
Classic 3.0
Coventry
3.5
Estate 3.0
Fairfax 3.3
Georgetown
4.0
Glade 3.0
Gnome 4.3
Kelly 3.7
Kenblue 4.0
Merion 3.5
Merit 3.7
Nassau 3.0
Ram I 3.3
Victa 3.7
LSD (.05)
1.16
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Actively Growing
TABLE 19
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A Comparison of Summer Greenup of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties after Summer Dormancy Due to Drought and under
Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.
Summer
Variety Greenup
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Ba 78-165
6.0
Baron 5.3
Eclipse 5.7
Georgetown
3.3
Glade 6.3
Gnome 5.0
Haga 4.0
Kenblue 5.0
Liberty 5.7
Merion 5.3
Merit 5.3
Midnight 4.7
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 5.7
Ram I 5.7
South Dakota
5.7
LSD (.05)
1.9
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Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Fastest Greenup after Summer Dormancy
TABLE 20
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A Comparison of Winter Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North
Brunswick, NJ.
Variety TEST A TEST B
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Ba 78-165 5.0 4.0
Baron 3.7 2.3
Eclipse 4.3 3.3
Georgetown 6.0 6.3
Glade 4.3 1.7
Gnome 2.7 2.0
Haga 5.3 5.0
Kenblue 3.3 1.0
Liberty 7.0 5.7
Merion 3.0 1.7
Merit 2.7 1.7
Midnight 6.3 4.3
Monopoly 6.7 3.3
Nassau 5.3 3.0
Ram I 7.3 1.7
South Dakota 2.0 2.7
LSD (.05) 1.6 1.5
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Brightest Green Color
TABLE 21
______________________________________
A Comparison of Turf Density in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Shade Conditions at
Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 6.5 6.5 8.0
Abbey 3.5 6.0 7.0
Adelphi 6.5 6.0 7.5
Baron 5.5 5.5 6.3
Bristol 5.5 6.0 8.0
Chateau 7.0 6.0 7.0
Classic 4.0 6.0 7.0
Coventry 6.0 6.0 7.0
Estate 6.5 7.0 7.5
Georgetown
6.0 5.0 6.0
Glade 5.5 6.5 7.5
Gnome 4.0 6.0 6.5
Kelly 4.5 6.0 7.0
Kenblue 6.0 6.0 6.0
Merion 5.0 6.0 8.0
Merit 4.5 5.0 7.0
Nassau 6.0 5.5 6.5
Ram I 5.5 4.5 7.0
Victa 4.5 5.5 6.5
LSD (.05) 2.18 1.82 1.47
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = maximum density.
TABLE 22
______________________________________
A Comparison of Fall Recovery of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties after Summer Dormancy due to Drought under Low
Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.
FALL
Variety RECOVERY
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 6.0
Baron 4.0
Eclipse 6.7
Georgetown 6.0
Glade 4.7
Gnome 3.3
Haga 4.3
Kenblue 3.7
Liberty 6.7
Merion 4.7
Merit 5.0
Midnight 7.7
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 6.3
Ram I 5.7
South Dakota 3.3
LSD (.05) 2.1
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Fastest Turf Recovery after Summer Dormancy.
TABLE 23
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.
SEEDLING
Variety VIGOR
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 7.8
Baron 8.5
Eclipse 2.3
Georgetown 4.3
Glade 7.8
Gnome 7.3
Haga 7.2
Kenblue 8.2
Liberty 7.3
Merion 1.0
Merit 7.2
Midnight 5.5
Monopoly 7.7
Nassau 6.5
Ram I 3.3
South Dakota 7.3
LSD (.05) 1.3
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Best Seedling Vigor
TABLE 24
______________________________________
A Comparison of Vertical Growth of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.
VERTICAL
Variety GROWTH
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 3.0
Baron 4.0
Eclipse 2.7
Georgetown 5.3
Glade 3.3
Gnome 4.0
Haga 6.7
Kenblue 8.0
Liberty 5.7
Merit 4.0
Midnight 3.3
Monopoly 8.0
Nassau 5.0
Ram I 3.7
South Dakota 7.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Most Vertical Growth 37 Days after Seeding
TABLE 25
______________________________________
A Comparison of Heat Stress of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety HEAT STRESS
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 6.0
Abbey 6.3
Adelphi 5.7
Allure 5.3
Ascot 7.0
Baron 6.0
Bristol 6.0
Buckingham 5.7
Chateau 6.0
Classic 5.3
Coventry 6.0
Estate 6.0
Fairfax 6.0
Georgetown 4.7
Glade 6.3
Gnome 6.3
Kelly 6.3
Kenblue 4.3
Merion 5.0
Merit 6.0
Nassau 6.0
Ram I 6.0
Victa 4.0
LSD (.05) 0.89
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Least Heat Stress
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance. Ba 78-165 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to the following diseases: (1) leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); (2) powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis; and (3) red thread caused by Laetisaria fuciformis. Ba 78-165 has displayed tolerance to turf damage due to billbugs.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 78-165 as compared with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, rusts, powdery mildew, red thread, and billbugs are presented in Tables 26-31.
TABLE 26
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety LEAF SPOT
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 35.0
Allure 66.7
Adelphi 68.3
Bonnieblue 73.3
Bristol 43.3
Chateau 71.0
Estate 60.0
Glade 60.0
Merit 55.0
Park 95.0
Vantage 95.0
Victa 60.0
LSD (.05) 26.9
______________________________________
Rating Scale: % Disease
TABLE 27
______________________________________
A Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Two Tests (A-B) of
Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in
Shade at Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A TEST B
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 8.0 6.5
Abbey 6.5 2.0
Adelphi 7.0 4.5
Baron 6.0 3.0
Bristol 6.0 6.0
Chateau 6.0 4.0
Classic 6.5 3.5
Coventry 6.0 4.6
Estate 6.5 4.5
Georgetown 6.0 4.0
Glade 7.0 5.5
Gnome 6.5 2.5
Kelly 5.5 2.5
Kenblue 6.0 6.0
Merion 5.0 2.0
Merit 5.5 3.0
Nassau 6.0 3.5
Ram I 6.5 4.0
Victa 6.0 2.5
LSD (.05) 1.93 2.68
______________________________________
TABLE 28
______________________________________
A Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.
Variety LEAF SPOT
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 5.0
Baron 4.7
Eclipse 7.0
Georgetown 4.0
Glade 3.0
Gnome 3.7
Haga 2.7
Kenblue 1.0
Liberty 4.7
Merion 4.3
Merit 5.7
Midnight 7.7
Monopoly 3.3
Nassau 6.3
Ram I 4.3
South Dakota 1.0
LSD (.05) 1.4
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No disease.
TABLE 29
______________________________________
A Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Two Tests (A-B) of
Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in
Shade at Marysville, OH.
Variety TEST A TEST B
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 0 0
Abbey 75 40
Banff 45 0
Bristol 30 0
Chateau 50 5
Coventry 15 0
Estate 10 0
Glade 65 40
Kelly 60 20
Kenblue 10 0
Monopoly 5 0
Newport 75 25
Victa 60 65
LSD (.05) 31.3 29.1
______________________________________
Rating Scale: % Disease
TABLE 30
______________________________________
A Comparison of Red Thread Incidence in Ba 78-165 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety RED THREAD
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 8.0
Abbey 7.7
Ascot 8.0
Baron 7.7
Bristol 7.3
Buckingham 7.7
Cannon 8.0
Coventry 6.3
Fairfax 8.0
Gnome 8.0
Haga 8.0
Kenblue 4.7
Liberty 8.0
Merion 7.7
Merit 8.0
Midnight 7.7
Monopoly 7.7
Park 6.0
Ram I 7.3
South Dakota 7.7
Victa 8.0
Viva 7.7
LSD (.05) 1.14
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No disease.
TABLE 31
______________________________________
A Comparison of Billbug Tolerance of Ba 78-165 and Outer Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety BILLBUG TOLERANCE
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 4.5
Abbey 4.0
Allure 1.5
Bristol 3.3
Challenger 2.7
Chateau 1.2
Classic 3.7
Coventry 2.3
Eclipse 3.0
Estate 2.3
Gnome 3.7
Kelly 3.7
Liberty 3.0
Merit 3.3
Midnight 3.7
Nassau 3.3
Newport 4.0
Victa 3.7
Viva 3.0
LSD (.05) 1.33
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No damage from insect.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for seed head density, plant height, maturity, and seed yields are shown in Table 32-42 as follows:
TABLE 32
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.
Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 93
Adelphi 50
Allure 70
Ascot 30
Baron 85
Bristol 97
Buckingham 67
Chateau 63
Classic 43
Coventry 40
Estate 73
Fairfax 93
Georgetown 53
Glade 73
Gnome 60
Kelly 80
Kenblue 7
Merion 75
Merit 83
Nassau 73
Ram I 77
Victa 22
LSD (.05) 25.2
______________________________________
Rating Scale: % Seed Head Density.
TABLE 33
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf of
Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at
Gervais, OR.
Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 6.0
Ba 76-372 6.0
Ba 77-700 6.3
Abbey 6.0
Able I 7.7
A-34 9.0
Allure 7.7
Ascot 7.7
Baron 6.3
Banff 8.3
Bristol 5.7
Buckingham 6.7
Cannon 6.3
Classic 8.7
Challenger 8.0
Coventry 8.0
Eclipse 8.6
Estate 8.0
Fairfax 8.0
Georgetown 8.3
Glade 9.0
Gnome 7.0
Haga 8.3
Kelly 6.7
Kenblue 9.0
Liberty 8.3
Merion 6.3
Merit 6.0
Midnight 8.0
Monopoly 7.7
Nassau 8.0
Ram I 8.3
South Dakota 8.0
Touchdown 9.0
Viva 6.3
LSD (.05) 0.95
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No Seed Heads.
TABLE 34
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North
Brunswick, NJ.
Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 8.3
Baron 7.0
Eclipse 1.7
Georgetown 5.3
Glade 1.7
Gnome 6.3
Haga 5.3
Kenblue 1.0
Liberty 6.0
Merion 6.0
Merit 8.0
Midnight 1.0
Monopoly 4.0
Nassau 7.0
Ram I 3.7
South Dakota 1.3
LSD (.05) 1.7
______________________________________
Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Most Seed Heads.
TABLE 35
______________________________________
A Comparison of Plant Height (cm) in Early Spring of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varities at Gervais, OR.
Variety PLANT HEIGHT
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 17.8
Ba 76-372 10.6
Ba 77-700 10.9
Abbey 9.4
Allure 12.4
Ascot 8.6
Bristol 9.6
Buckingham 8.6
Cannon 11.7
Chateau 8.9
Coventry 6.4
Estate 8.9
Fairfax 8.4
Gnome 7.9
Kelly 11.4
Newport 13.7
Victa 8.1
Viva 10.2
LSD (.05) 2.09
______________________________________
TABLE 36
______________________________________
A Comparison of Mature Plant Height (cm) in Two Tests (A-B) of
Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.
Variety TEST A TEST B
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 48.0 53.4
Ba 76-372 60.5 68.4
Ba 77-700 49.2 60.0
Abbey 45.0 65.0
Allure 49.2 53.0
Ascot 48.4 56.0
Bristol 62.2 69.4
Buckingham 56.8 66.8
Cannon 50.6 68.4
Chateau 45.6 60.2
Coventry 51.4 62.4
Estate 50.6 57.4
Fairfax 56.4 60.6
Gnome 42.6 60.8
Kelly 48.4 65.2
Newport 61.6 74.9
Victa 49.8 68.2
Viva 55.0 61.6
LSD (.05) 8.06 8.72
______________________________________
TABLE 37
______________________________________
A Comparison of Mature Plant Height (cm) in Three Tests (A-C)
Conducted in Late June of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties at Gervais, OR.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 68.8 60.5 59.0
Abbey 65.3 60.4 50.3
Buckingham
68.0 43.9 56.5
Coventry 60.3 42.1 51.5
Midnight 75.0 39.2 45.0
Vantage 73.0 81.8 73.5
LSD (.05) 7.45 4.54 7.09
______________________________________
TABLE 38
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Head Density of Mature Plants of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR
SEED HEAD
Variety DENSITY
______________________________________
Ba 78-165 8.5
Abbey 4.0
Buckingham 6.0
Coventry 4.5
Midnight 5.8
Vantage 7.8
LSD (.05) 1.25
______________________________________
Rating: 1-9; 9 = Most Seed Heads
TABLE 39
______________________________________
A Comparison of Maturity (1%, 50% and 100% Anthesis) in Three Tests
(A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais,
OR.
TEST A TEST B TEST C
Variety 1% 1% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100%
______________________________________
Ba 78-165
144 124 126 132 120 133 138
Ba 76-372
152 126 129 133 122 132 139
Ba 77-700
151 129 134 138 130 137 141
Abbey 150 129 132 137 130 138 141
Allure 144 128 131 135 127 136 140
Ascot 140 119 124 132 120 134 140
Bristol 144 125 127 132 122 132 139
Buckingham
141 123 128 134 117 131 138
Cannon 153 129 132 136 130 138 141
Chateau 144 128 131 135 130 137 140
Coventry
144 127 129 134 130 137 140
Estate 143 127 129 135 130 137 140
Fairfax 144 126 129 133 124 135 139
Gnome 150 129 133 137 130 138 142
Kelly 150 129 133 137 127 137 141
Newport 145 120 123 131 119 131 139
Victa 151 129 132 136 130 139 143
Viva 150 129 133 137 130 138 142
LSD (.05)
2.6 2.1 2.5 1.8 5.2 3.1 2.7
______________________________________
Ratings: Days to Reach Percentage Rates of Maturity (1%, 50% or 100%) fro
Planting Date
TABLE 40
______________________________________
A Comparison of Maturity (1%, 50% and 100% Heading) in Three Tests
(A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais,
OR.
TEST A TEST B TEST C
Variety
1`% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100%
______________________________________
Ba 105 118 135 100 119 122 120 133 138
78-165
Ba 117 139 145 99 120 122 122 132 139
76-372
Ba 123 141 146 110 125 127 130 137 141
77-700
Abbey 123 139 147 108 124 127 130 138 141
Allure
118 134 142 111 125 126 127 136 140
Ascot 106 120 137 88 112 119 120 134 140
Bristol
112 130 140 95 119 122 122 132 139
Buck- 107 124 137 94 112 120 117 131 138
ingham
Cannon
124 142 150 113 125 127 130 138 141
Chateau
118 135 142 106 124 126 130 137 140
Cov- 116 132 142 106 122 125 130 137 140
entry
Estate
118 134 142 106 124 126 130 137 140
Fairfax
114 131 142 103 122 124 124 135 139
Gnome 127 137 148 110 125 127 130 138 142
Kelly 123 135 146 112 125 127 127 137 141
New- 111 124 140 85 110 118 119 131 139
port
Victa 123 139 146 112 125 127 130 139 143
Viva 123 140 148 109 125 127 130 138 142
LSD 5.3 4.5 3.5 5.3 4.1 1.8 5.2 3.1 2.7
(.05)
______________________________________
Ratings: Days to Reach Percentage Rates of Maturity (1%, 50% or 100%) fro
Planting Date
TABLE 41
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Yields in Four Tests (A-D) of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C TEST D Mean
______________________________________
Ba 78-165
992 1218 1197 1053 1115
Cannon 970 1306 558 215 760
Viva 920 1258 521 199 725
Abbey 1124 1314 629 319 847
Coventry
786 914 649 352 675
Newport 1165 1002 1177 805 1037
LSD (.05)
209 176 158 140
______________________________________
Ratings: Pounds per Acre.
TABLE 42
______________________________________
A Comparison of Seed Yields in Four Tests (A-D) of Ba 78-165 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.
Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C TEST D
______________________________________
Ba 78-165
1196 982 673 638
Abbey 516 848 483 249
Buckingham
457 1071 555 328
Coventry 480 429 111 268
Midnight 112 618 251 233
Vantage 328 663 400 227
LSD (.05)
100 130 81 59
______________________________________
Ratings: Pounds per Acre.
Claims
1. A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass plant, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, red thread and powdery mildew; a moderate tolerance to billbugs; a medium deep green color throughout the growing season; medium to high quality turf formation under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide leaf blade; a low growth habit; and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
| PP3156 | May 1972 | Fuchigami et al. |
| PP3186 | May 1972 | Barenbrug et al. |
| PP4336 | November 28, 1978 | Mayer et al. |
| PP6280 | September 6, 1988 | Meier et al. |
| PP6537 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6538 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6585 | February 7, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP7831 | March 17, 1992 | Meier et al. |
| PP8490 | December 7, 1993 | Meier etal. |
| PP9036 | January 3, 1995 | Meier et al. |
| PP9209 | July 18, 1995 | Meier et al. |
| PP9611 | July 23, 1996 | Meier et al. |
| PP9848 | April 1, 1997 | Meier et al. |
Type: Grant
Filed: Jul 15, 1996
Date of Patent: Oct 21, 1997
Assignee: OMS Investments, Inc. (Wilmington, DE)
Inventors: Virgil D. Meier (Marysville, OH), Jay B. Burr (Salem, OR)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Law Firm: Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
Application Number: 8/680,168
International Classification: A01H 500;
