Abstract: Disclosed herein are coating solutions comprising a reactive monomer, process and compositions for preparing the same that are suitable for a coating and/or reactive coating. More particularly, the present invention relates to monomers comprising a multifunctional N-vinylformamide crosslinking moiety and their use in coatings. Also disclosed are applications and compositions comprising coating solutions of a reactive monomer and its application in printing processes and inks.

Abstract: A water-based ink composition for a ballpoint pen wherein the initial start of writing and writing over time is good, and no blur in handwriting occur and a stable writing performance can be sustained and good handwriting can be continuously formed. A water-based ink composition for a ballpoint pen dissolving or dispersing a coloring agent in an aqueous medium. The aqueous medium substantially contains no water-soluble organic solvent and is composed of water. The water-based ink composition includes a thickening inhibitor together with a shear thinning viscosity-imparting agent. As the thickening inhibitor, one or two or more are selected from a group of polyalkylene glycol, polypropylene glycol derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based polymer compounds, polymer compounds having a polyalkylene oxide group and/or surfactants having a polyoxyethylene group.

Abstract: A pretreatment agent for ink jet printing employing an acid dye includes hydroxyethyl cellulose; ammonium salt; a hydrotropic agent; and water, wherein the content of the hydroxyethyl cellulose is in the range of 1 to 5 wt % and the content of ammonium salt is in the range of 1 to 6 wt %.

Abstract: A dual color electronically addressable ink includes a non-polar carrier fluid; a first colorant of a first color; and a second colorant of a second color that is different than the first color. The first colorant includes a first particle core, and a first functional group attached to a surface of the particle core. The first functional group is capable of carrying a positive charge and is chosen from a base or a salt of the base. The second colorant includes a particle core, and a second functional group attached to a surface of the particle core. The second functional group is capable of carrying a negative charge and is chosen from an acid or a salt of the acid. The ink further includes an additive chosen from polyhydroxystearic amide salt, polyhydroxystearic acid, aromatic butyric acid, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a maintenance liquid for inkjet recording including at least water, an organic solvent, a basic compound and an acidic compound, and having pH of from 6.0 to 8.5.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a metal ink composition for ink-jet and more particularly, a metal ink composition which causes no formation of cracks on a PCB substrate, allows a low curing temperature, and provides improved adhesive strength even after coating.

Abstract: A conductive ink having a glass frit, an organic medium a conductive species and one or more metallo-organic components which form metal oxides upon firing and reduce series resistance to a same or greater degree a ink that do not include metallo-organic components, is provided. Embodiments of conductive ink include metallo-organic components that include a bismuth metallo-organic component and glass frits comprising one or more of bismuth oxide, silica, boron oxide, tellurium dioxide, and combinations thereof. Embodiments of photovoltaic cells with an anti-reflection coating, gridlines formed from conductive ink incorporating one or more metallo-organic components, are also provided.

Abstract: The glass flake of the present invention has a composition that includes, in terms of mass %, 60<SiO2?65, 8?Al2O3?15, 47?(SiO2—Al2O3)?57, 1?MgO?5, 18?CaO?30, 0<Li2O?4, 0<(Li2O+Na2O+K2O)?4, and 0?TiO2?5, and that is substantially free from B2O3, F, ZnO, BaO, SrO, and ZrO2.

Abstract: Curing agents for air-drying alkyd-based resins, coatings, such as paint, varnish or wood stain, inks and linoleum floor coverings, based on an iron/manganese complex containing tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate nitrogen donor ligands are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method which erase information printed on a recording medium if necessary and thus reuse the recording medium, and includes 1) decolorable ink compositions which are not erased during the use but erased by a dye readily decolorable by a decolorant, 2) a decolorant composition including a thermal initiator or photoinitiator, and 3) a method for coating the decolorant and applying heat or irradiating UV to erase the dye. According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare various writing inks, and particularly, when applied to recording medium with a magnetic stripe as well as the general purpose papers, it is possible to reduce the production cost significantly, obtain a large import substitution effect of the magnetic ink all of which are imported, and largely reduce the environmental pollution.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an ink composition ejected from a nozzle having a step, the ink composition containing at least any one of a first water-soluble organic solvent and a second water-soluble organic solvent, wherein the first water-soluble organic solvent exhibits a surface tension of 30 mN/m or lower at 20° C., an aqueous solution of the second water-soluble organic solvent of 10 mass % exhibits a surface tension of 50 mN/m or lower at 20° C., and the total content of the first water-soluble organic solvent and the second water-soluble organic solvent is 0.15 mass % or higher.

Abstract: Provided are an azo compound represented by the following formula (1), a tautomer thereof, and a salt or hydrate of the azo compound or the tautomer: wherein in the formula (1), A represents a heterocyclic group; G represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group; R1 and R2 each independently represent a group represented by the following formula (2) or (3):

Abstract: Techniques for fabrication of kesterite Cu—Zn—Sn—(Se,S) films and improved photovoltaic devices based on these films are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming metal chalcogenide nanoparticles is provided. The method includes the following steps. Water, a source of Zn, a source of Cu, optionally a source of Sn and at least one of a source of S and a source of Se are contacted under conditions sufficient to produce a dispersion of the metal chalcogenide nanoparticles having a Zn chalcogenide distributed within a surface layer thereof. The metal chalcogenide nanoparticles are separated from the dispersion and can subsequently be used to form an ink for deposition of kesterite films.

Abstract: Techniques for preparing chalcogen-containing solutions using an environmentally benign borane-based reducing agent and solvents under ambient conditions, as well as application of these solutions in a liquid-based method for deposition of inorganic films having copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), and at least one of sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) are provided. In one aspect, a method for preparing a chalcogen-containing solution is provided. The method includes the following steps. At least one chalcogen element, a reducing agent and a liquid medium are contacted under conditions sufficient to produce a homogenous solution. The reducing agent (i) contains both boron and hydrogen, (ii) is substantially carbon free and (iii) is substantially metal free.

Abstract: A solid ink composition comprising an amorphous component, a crystalline material, and optionally, a colorant, which are suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the amorphous and crystalline components are both synthesized from an esterification reaction.

Abstract: A gallium ink is provided, comprising, as initial components: a gallium component comprising gallium; a stabilizing component; an additive; and, a liquid carrier; wherein the gallium ink is a stable dispersion. Also provided are methods of preparing the gallium ink and for using the gallium ink in the preparation of semiconductor films (e.g., in the deposition of a CIGS layer for use in photovoltaic devices).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ink compositions including an ink vehicle and a colorant, wherein the ink vehicle includes a compound having a formula of R1—CONH—R2 or R2—CONH—R1, wherein R2 is a methyl group and R1 is an alkyl group having from about 3 carbon atoms to about 200 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A solid ink composition comprising at least one crystalline oxazoline compound and at least one amorphous component derived from a polyol, and a colorant and optional viscosity modifier, which are suitable for inkjet printing, including printing on coated paper substrates. In embodiments, the solid ink formulation comprises a blend of an amorphous and crystalline components which provides a solid ink with excellent robustness when forming images or printing on coated paper substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phase change ink comprising: (a) a crystalline trans-cinnamic diester; and (b) an amorphous oligomer of isosorbide and a diacid.

Abstract: A solid ink that includes an ink carrier and a resinous compound of the formulas or a salt thereof, wherein G1 is —X1C(O)OR1, —X2OC(O)R2, or —X2OH; G2 is R4, R12, —C(O)R2, —C(O)X1C(O)OR1, or —C(O)X2OC(O)R2; R1 is an alkyl having from 10 to 80 carbon atoms; R2 is an alkyl having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms; each R3 and R4 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each R5 and each R6 is independently hydrogen or alkyl; X1 and X2 are both a straight or branched alkylene group; t1 is 1 to 20; t2 and t3 is independently 0 to 20; u1 is 1 to 30; u2 and u3 is independently 0 to 30; each R7 and each R8 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxyl; each R9 and each R10 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxyl; Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic moiety; p is 1 to 5; q is 1 to 12; A? is selected from the group consisting of Cl?, Br?, I?, HSO4?, HSO3?, CH3SO3?, NO3?, HCOO?, CH3COO?, H2PO4?, SCN?, ClO4?, SSO3?, PF6?, and SbCl6?; and J is alkyl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl.

Abstract: A photocurable composition is provided that includes a compound represented by Formula (I) below, in Formula (I), X denotes O, S, or NRa, n1 denotes 0 or 1, and R1 to R14 and Ra independently denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent substituent, at least one of R1 to R14 and Ra not being a hydrogen atom). There is also provided an inkjet recording method that includes (a1) a step of discharging the photocurable composition onto a recording medium and (b1) a step of curing the photocurable composition by irradiating the discharged photocurable composition with light.

Abstract: Printing ink comprising a divinyl ester of a C2 to C8 dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions such as ink or coating compositions that include at least one reactive monomer that includes a maleimide of the general formula (I) A- is or includes an aryl, an alkylaryl, or an arylalkyl. The reactive monomer may be or include 4-butylphenyl maleimide. The composition may also include a reactive co-solvent that may include at least one of a (meth)acryl monomer or prepolymer, a (meth)acryl ester of an epoxy type monomer or prepolymer, and a urethane type monomer or prepolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are titanium dioxide-containing composite particles which can maintain whiteness of natural titanium dioxide even after calcination step, and can provide titanium dioxide-containing composite particles having excellent weather resistance. In each of the composite particles, at least one oxide layer containing silicon oxide and zirconium oxide is provided as coating components of titanium dioxide. That is, provided are composite particles including a base that contains titanium dioxide and at least one oxide layer that contains silicon oxide and zirconium oxide provided on the base, and a method of producing the composite particles.

Abstract: A radiation curable hot melt inkjet ink and associated printing method which includes a carrier composition that contains one or more radiation curable compounds and an agent that is able to reversibly gel the carrier composition, which agent is soluble in the carrier composition at a jetting temperature of the ink and creates the gelled carrier at a temperature below the jetting temperature, wherein the gelled carrier composition is a thixotropic composition which has a recovery time of more than 60 seconds after the gel has been mechanically disturbed to lower it's viscosity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a range of compounds, inks and compositions used to make materials for photovoltaics, including solar cells. In particular, this invention relates to inks containing precursor compounds, as well as the precursor compounds, and materials for preparing photovoltaic layers. The precursor compounds and inks contain compounds having the formula MB(ER)3 wherein MB is In, Ga or Al, which can be deposited and converted to a material form.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) a process for their preparation and their use for dyeing and/or printing organic substrates.

Abstract: A water-soluble azo compound represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof, and an ink composition containing the compound or salt. The ink composition has a chroma saturation and hue suitable for inkjet recording, and enables a material recorded therewith to have high fastness in various fields, in particular high ozone gas resistance, while enabling an image recorded therewith to have excellent storage stability and the like. In formula (1), Q represents a halogen atom; x represents an integer of 2 to 4; and the group A represents an amino group represented by the following formula (101). In formula (101), y represents an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A phase change composition including at least one crystalline polyester and at least one acrylate monomer. Examples of suitable crystalline polyesters include aliphatic crystalline polyesters and polylactones. A method of making the phase change composition, and a method for applying the phase change composition to a substrate.

Abstract: An aqueous ink composition having at least one of dispersed pigments and anionic charged polymer, and further including a lower level, relative to the concentration of pigment and anionic charged polymer, of a polyvalent metal oxide particle dispersion, wherein the ink composition has a pH of greater than 4 and the polyvalent metal oxide particles have a negative zeta potential at the pH of the ink composition. These ink compositions are effective in reducing the damage and failure of silicon-based inkjet print heads caused by ink-induced dissolution and stress cracking of the silicon-based materials found in the print heads.

Abstract: Disclosed are non-aqueous compositions capable of forming a gel structure, comprising (a) a low molecular mass N-acyl glutamic acid diamide having a straight-chain alkyl group; (b) a low molecular mass N-acyl glutamic acid diamide having a branched-chain alkyl group; (c) at least one gel-promoting solvent which includes a substituted hydrocarbyl functional siloxane and/or a second, different gel-promoting solvent; (d) at least one active ingredient, and (e) optionally, at least one polyorganosiloxane-containing polymer; wherein the composition has a hardness value ranging from about 30 to about 300 gf, a melting point of about 50° C. or higher. Methods of making and using the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a reactive monomer, and, in particular, coating and/or reactive coating compositions. More particularly, compositions containing monomers comprising a lactam moiety, a urethane or urea functional group, and a polymerizable moiety are disclosed.

Abstract: A surfactant composition comprising alkylarylsulfonate molecules wherein more than 30 wt. % of the alkylarylsulfonate molecules of the surfactant composition are species of the formula: [R—X—Ar(SO3)?]a[Mn+]b wherein: X is a linear acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl chain; R is bound to a non-terminal carbon atom of X and is selected from H and C1 to C3 alkyl groups; X and R together have 10 or less carbon atoms, preferably 9 or 10 carbon atoms, most preferably 10 carbon atoms; Ar is an aromatic group; M is a cation or cation mixture, n is selected from 1, 2 and 3; and a and b are selected such that the alkylarylsulfonate molecule is electroneutral.

Abstract: Disclosed are non-aqueous carrier compositions capable of forming a gel structure, having a low molecular mass N-acyl glutamic acid diamide having a straight-chain alkyl group, a low molecular mass N-acyl glutamic acid diamide having a branched-chain alkyl group, at least one gel-promoting solvent, and at least one high molecular mass block copolymer having at least one hard segment and at least one soft segment, and at least one solvent capable of solubilizing the at least one hard segment and/or the at least one soft segment of the block copolymer, at least one oil-soluble polar modified polymer; and at least one solvent capable of solubilizing the at least one oil-soluble polar modified polymer, and optionally at least one active ingredient, wherein the composition has a hardness value ranging from about 30 to about 300 gf, a melting point of about 50° C. or higher, and does not require use of wax as a structuring agent. Methods of making and using the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A water-based coloring material which colors a medium and which is to be used together with water, the water-based coloring material includes a colorant and polyetheramine represented by chemical formula (1): wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and has a straight chain or a branched chain; R2, R3, and R4 are substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups each of which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and has a straight chain or a branched chain, and R2, R3, and R4 are identical with each other or different from each other; and each of m, n, and o is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: A gallium formulated ink is provided. Also provided are methods of preparing the gallium formulated ink and for using the gallium formulated ink to deposit a Group 1b/gallium/(optional indium)/Group 6a material on a substrate for use in the manufacture of a variety of chalcogenide containing semiconductor materials, such as, thin film transistors (TFTs), light emitting diodes (LEDs); and photoresponsive devices (e.g., electrophotography (e.g., laser printers and copiers), rectifiers, photographic exposure meters and photovoltaic cells) and chalcogenide containing phase change memory materials.

Abstract: An ink for high-speed printing is formulated by controlling the phase angle of the ink to less than 60° at a frequency of 10 Hz when the ratio of the total non-volatiles volume fraction of the ink to the maximum total non-volatiles volume fraction of the ink is a ratio between about 0.40 to about 0.90. An ink for high-speed printing includes one or more resins, one or more colorants, one or more solvents, and one or more additives. The ink can be a flexographic ink, a rotogravure ink, a heatset offset ink, or a publication gravure ink. A print of the ink includes less than 1% of pinholes by area. The ink is applied to a substrate, which moves at a speed of greater than 1200 feet/min.

Abstract: Highly uniform silica nanoparticles can be formed into stable dispersions with a desirable small secondary particle size. The silica particles can be surface modified to form the dispersions. The silica nanoparticles can be doped to change the particle properties and/or to provide dopant for subsequent transfer to other materials. The dispersions can be printed as an ink for appropriate applications. The dispersions can be used to selectively dope semiconductor materials such as for the formation of photovoltaic cells or for the formation of printed electronic circuits.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell, and for targeting a particular concentration. CIGS thin film solar cells can be made.

Abstract: A method of formulating ink for high-speeding printing includes controlling a surface tension of the ink to equal to or greater than 26 mN/m, equal to or greater than 28 mN/m, or equal to or greater than 30 mN/m. The surface tension is measured when the ratio of the total non-volatiles volume fraction of the ink to the maximum total non-volatiles volume fraction of the ink is a ratio between about 0.40 and about 0.90. An ink for high-speed printing includes one or more resins, one or more colorants, one or more solvents, and one or more additives. The ink can be a flexographic ink, a rotogravure ink, a heatset offset ink, or a publication gravure ink. A print of the ink includes less than 1% of pinholes by area. A method of printing includes preparing an ink and applying the ink to a substrate. The ink has a surface tension of equal to or greater than 26 mN/m, and the substrate moves at a speed of greater than 1200 feet/min.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from (1) to about (18) carbon atoms, provided that R1 and R2 together contain from about (8) to about (18) carbon atoms, and further provided that less than about 10 mole percent of R1 or R2 is hydrogen; R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from (1) to about (6) carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from (2) to about (6) carbon atoms, provided that R4 and R5 together contain from (2) to about (6) carbon atoms; m is an average value ranging from (0) to about (10), and n is an average value ranging from about (3) to (about 40), provided that the group containing m and the group containing n may be exchanged with one another as to position; and z is an average value ranging from about (0.5) to about (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds made of (cyclo)aliphatic diisocyanates, produced according to a multi-stage method (phosgene-free production), which comprises the conversion of (cyclo)aliphatic diamines into the corresponding (cyclo)alkylene biscarbamates and the thermal cleavage of the latter into the (cyclo)alkylene diisocyanates and alcohol (urea route), and aromatic acid halides, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous ink composition for inkjet recording, including: a coloring material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of azo pigments represented by the following formula (1) and tautomers thereof, and salts and hydrates thereof; a dispersant; and a urethane-modified polyester resin wherein Z represents a divalent group derived from a 5- to 8-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle; Y1, Y2, R11 and R12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; G1 and G2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and W1 and W2 each independently represent an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: Metal nanoink (100) for bonding an electrode of a semiconductor die and an electrode of a substrate and/or bonding an electrode of a semiconductor die and an electrode of another semiconductor die by sintering under pressure is produced by injecting oxygen into an organic solvent (105) in the form of oxygen nanobubbles (125) or oxygen bubbles (121) either before or after metal nanoparticles (101) whose surfaces are coated with a dispersant (102) are mixed into the organic solvent (105). Bumps are formed on the electrode of the semiconductor die and the electrode of the substrate by ejecting microdroplets of the metal nanoink (100) onto the electrodes, the semiconductor die is turned upside down and overlapped in alignment over the substrate, and then, the metal nanoparticles of the bumps are sintered under pressure by pressing and heating the bumps between the electrodes. As a result, generation of voids during sintering under pressure is minimized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ink compositions including an ink vehicle and a colorant, wherein the ink vehicle includes a compound having a formula of R1—CONH—R2 or R2—CONH—R1, wherein R2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms and R1 is an alkyl group having from about 3 carbon atoms to about 200 carbon atoms, wherein R2 and R1 have the same number of carbon atoms or R2 has less carbon atoms than R1, and wherein at least one of the alkyl groups for R2 and R1 includes at least one hydroxyl group substituent.

Abstract: An ink composition comprising: a) 0.2 to 11 parts diethylene glycol mono alkyl ether; b) 20 to 45 parts glycerol; c) 0.5 to 8 parts pentan-1,5-diol; d) 0.5 to 9 parts colorant; e) 40 to 70 parts water; f) 0 to 8 parts 2-pyrollidinone; g) 0 to 3 parts surfactant; h) 0 to 5 parts in total of polyalkylene glycol and/or polyalkylene glycol ether having, in each case having a MWT of at least 5,000; and i) 0 to 5 parts biocide; wherein all parts are by weight. Also claimed are ink sets. The inks and ink sets are particularly useful for piezo ink jet printers.

Abstract: Low temperature processes for converting mixtures of metal inks into alloys. The alloys can be dealloyed by etching. A method comprising: depositing at least one precursor composition on at least one substrate to form at least one deposited structure, wherein the precursor composition comprises at least two metal complexes, including at least one first metal complex comprising at least one first metal and at least one second metal complex different from the first metal complex and comprising at least one second metal different from the first metal, treating the deposited structure so that the first metal and the second metal form elemental forms of the first metal and the second metal in a treated structure. Further, one can remove at least some of the first metal to leave a nanoporous material comprising at least the second metal. Precursor compositions can be formulated to be homogeneous compositions.

Abstract: A method of balancing a microelectromechanical system comprises determining if a microelectromechanical system is balanced in a plurality of orthogonal dimensions, and if the microelectromechanical system is not balanced, selectively depositing a first volume of jettable material on a portion of the microelectromechanical system to balance the microelectromechanical system in the plurality of orthogonal dimensions. A jettable material for balancing a microelectromechanical system comprises a vehicle, and a dispersion of nano-particles within the vehicle, in which the total mass of jettable material deposited on the microelectromechanical system is equal to the weight percentage of nano-particles dispersed within the vehicle multiplied by the mass of jettable material deposited on the microelectromechanical system.

Abstract: Compositions comprising compounds having an aldohexose moiety, a highly fluorinated moiety, and a nitrogen-containing functional group linking the moieties together are disclosed. The aldohexose-based fluoroadditives are effective in reducing the surface tension of water and are useful in various surfactant applications. Also disclosed are processes for making aldohexose-based fluoroadditives.

Abstract: The invention relates to environmentally friendly, multi-purpose, cost-effective compositions based on one or more special solvent that comprise only very small amounts of VOCs. The compositions are preferably one-system compositions. In preferred embodiments of the invention the compositions are even free of VOCs. Because of their low flammability or even non-flammability as well as their low VOC content the compositions guarantee higher workplace safety, reduced insurance costs and reduced costs due to environmental legislation.