Abstract: A process for altering surface properties of a mass of metal alloy solder comprising a first metal and a second metal. The process comprises exposing the mass to energized ions to preferentially sputter atoms of the first metal to form a surface layer ratio of first metal to second metal atoms that is less than the bulk ratio. The solder may be located on the surface of a substrate, wherein the process may further comprise masking the substrate to shield all but a selected area from the ion beam. The sputtering gas may comprises a reactive gas such as oxygen and the substrate may be an organic substrate. The process may further comprise simultaneously exposing the organic substrate to energized ions of the reactive gas to roughen the organic substrate surface.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus to apply a corrosion protection in the form of a zinc (or other sacrificial anodic material) tape to a tubular member such as pipe or coiled tubing to used as an underground or underwater pipeline or flow line is disclosed. The zinc tape is applied with sufficient heat and pressure to form a metallurgical bond between the zinc tape and underlying metal pipe. This allows the zinc tape to act simultaneously as a continuous protective metal barrier to the normal scrapes and nicks the pipe experiences during installation and as a sacrificial anode. The novel apparatus preheats the zinc tape with a nozzle containing heated gas such as nitrogen as it approaches the pipe surface. At the point of contact with the pipe surface, the nozzle continues heating the tape and pipe surface while a plurality of pressure rollers exert sufficient force on the zinc tape to form a metallurgical bond between the zinc tape and the pipe surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of diffusion bonding a first article containing a thermally activated expansion agent to a second article. The first article and the second article are placed adjacent to each other at a bonding area. The first article and the second article are constrained such that contact is maintained between the first article and the second article at the bonding area. The constrained articles are then heated at a temperature that causes the first article to expand, creating pressure between the articles at the bonding area.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing thin steel metal bars in which an elongated metal product is brought into contact with a molten metal causing the latter to crystallize. Different materials are used for the elongated metal product and the molten metal, whereby one of the materials is a stainless steel. A temperature of the elongated metal product, a temperature of the molten metal and a dwelling time of the elongated metal product in the molten metal are set in such a way that the molten metal crystallizes on the elongated metal product so as to form a layer having a thickness of 2% to 20% of a thickness of the elongated metal product.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a battery can-forming material, comprising the steps of spreading metal powder on a hot-rolled steel plate (hot coil) or applying said metal powder in the form of paste to a surface thereof; annealing and then rolling the hot-rolled steel plate having the metal powder applied to the surface thereof to form a metal layer consisting of the metal powder on the surface thereof; cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; annealing the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; and rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer by a skin pass roller. Instead of forming the metal layer of the metal powder, the metal powder may be plated on the surface of the hot-rolled steel plate.

Abstract: A pure steam-related apparatus, which is one of apparatus in the group of pure steam generators generating pure steam from purified water, pipelines for pure steam and sterilizers using pure steam, is protected from discoloration, so-called "fouling", to red or black caused by contact with the pure steam. The apparatus is manufactured by using an austenitic stainless steel sheet as the material, by taking the blanks from the material which received no mechanical surface polishing, by deforming and welding, without electrolytic polishing customarily done, and by passivating the surface to contact pure water to increase Cr-content in the passivation film to such extent as 45 atomic % or higher, preferably 55 atomic % or higher. Better results will be obtained by ensuring Cr/Fe ratio in the passivation film at the level of 1.45 or higher, preferably, 1.70 or higher.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article of manufacture comprising: a substrate composed of a superalloy containing chromium and a base element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel; and an enrichment layer containing chromium and placed on the substrate. Therein, the enrichment layer comprises a continuous matrix composed of a gamma-phase solid solution of chromium in the base element. The invention also relates to the manufacture of such an article. The article may in particular be a gas turbine component.

Abstract: A process and arrangement for manufacturing brush-type seals having inclined bristles provides at least one ring-shaped brush-type seal having radially extending bristles of a length which, by way of the inclining of the bristles with respect to the radii of the ring-shaped brush-type seal leads at least essentially to the desired brush diameter; positions the at least one brush-type seal and at least one heatable annealing wall of an annealing device relative to one another so that the free bristle ends, while the bristles are bent, rest against the annealing wall, and simultaneously or subsequently rotating the at least one brush-type seal and at least the heatable annealing wall relative to one another until the bristles are inclined with respect to the radii of the ring-shaped brush-type seal in its ring plane by a definable angle; heats the annealing wall to a definable temperature; maintains the temperature of the heated annealing wall for a definable time period; and removes the at least one brush-type

Abstract: A preweld heat treatment for precipitation hardenable IN939 nickel base superalloy having a gamma matrix and gamma prime strengthening phase dispersed in the matrix comprises heating the nickel base superalloy at about 2120 degrees F. for a time to solution gamma prime phase followed by slow cooling to below about 1450 degrees F. at a rate of about 1 degree F./minute or less, and cooling to room temperature. The preweld heat treatment eliminates strain age cracking at base metal weld heat-affected zone upon subsequent heat treatment to develop alloy mechanical properties.

Abstract: Monolithic metal oxide structures, and processes for making such structures, are disclosed. The structures are obtained by heating a metal-containing structure having a plurality of surfaces in close proximity to one another in an oxidative atmosphere at a temperature below the melting point of the metal while maintaining the close proximity of the metal surfaces. Exemplary structures of the invention include open-celled and closed-cell monolithic metal oxide structures comprising a plurality of adjacent bonded corrugated and/or flat layers, and metal oxide filters obtained from a plurality of metal filaments oxidized in close proximity to one another.

Abstract: A copper-based sliding member having excellent resistance to corrosion with sulfur and a Vickers hardness of 80 to 150, prepared by bonding to a backing metal layer a sliding layer comprising more than 35% by weight but not more than 43% by weight of Zn, the balance being composed of Cu, by a pressure-bonding method, subjecting the pressure-bonded assembly to diffusion-annealing and subjecting the assembly to work-hardening treatment to allow the sliding layer softened by the diffusion-annealing to have a Vickers hardness to 80 to 150. Said sliding member is excellent in resistance to corrosion with sulfur even under the conditions that a lubricating oil having a high sulfur concentration is used and also excellent in wear resistance.

Abstract: To provide heat-resistant alloy members that maintain the resistance to corrosion at high temperature of the chromized layer formed on Ni- or Co-base heat-resistant alloys and which yet are improved in various mechanical properties. The improved Ni- or Co-base heat-resistant alloy member having a chromized layer that is characterized by having a chromium concentration of 25-80% and a thickness of 10-100 .mu.m. This member is produced by controlling both the vapor pressure of a chromium halide being used in chromization and the temperature therefor in such a way that the chromized layer being formed is adjusted to have a chromium concentration and a thickness within the ranges specified above.

Abstract: The face sheet is formed of a titanium alloy which includes boron that can be superplastically formed and diffusion bonded to form a structural panel. The structural panel generally includes a pair of face sheets that are disposed on and bonded to opposite sides of a metallic core. By forming at least one of the face sheets of a titanium alloy which includes boron, such as between about 0.2 weight percent and about 2 weight percent of boron, the resulting structural panel is stiffened without any corresponding increase in weight relative to structural panels formed of conventional titanium alloys. Preferably, powdered titanium diboride (TiB.sub.2) is added to a titanium alloy charge that is subsequently formed into a boron reinforced titanium alloy sheet. During the forming process, the TiB.sub.2 reacts to produce TiB reinforcements that are scattered throughout the metal matrix to increase the modulus and correspondingly stiffen the resulting face sheet.

Abstract: A method for shot peening a hard metal product that has a hardened surface. The method includes projecting shot on the hardened surface of the hard metal product. The ratio of the Vickers hardness of the shot to that of the hardened surface is 0.8-1.6, and the diameter of the shot is 30-250.mu..

Abstract: For bonding pure beryllium to a copper alloy, a beryllium-copper material comprising a single layer or multiple layers having a thickness of 0.3-3.0 mm and containing at least 50 atomic % of Cu is inserted between the pure beryllium and the copper alloy to prevent bonding strength from degrading in the bonding process or during operation of a nuclear fusion reactor, by effectively mitigating formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and generation of thermal stress at the bonding interface.

Abstract: Iron phosphate conversion coatings that are well adapted to serve as carriers for metal cold working lubricants, particularly such lubricants that contain polyoxyethylene adducts of long chain primary alcohols as a major lubricating component, can be formed on ferriferous surfaces within practical times such as 5 to 10 minutes by contact with an aqueous solution of almost neutralized phosphoric acid that has sufficient Free Acid and/or Total Acid content to form a heavier phosphate conversion coating than do conventional iron phosphating compositions. The phosphate conversion coating forming aqueous liquid composition advantageously also contains an accelerator component such as chlorate or hydroxylamine.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a sliding component having a crowning shape formed by applying surface quenching treatment to a portion made of a steel, and a production method thereof. The shape and the quantity of crowning can be controlled by heat-treatment or machining after the surface quenching. The sliding component may be made of a steel alone, or may be formed in such a manner that at least one portion of members forming the crowning-shaped sliding face by the surface quenching is joined or fitted to a sliding component main body made of the steel, and its material is a ceramic.

Abstract: The method of the invention produces nickel structures from nickel-coated polymer substrates. The nickel-coated polymer substrate has a nickel outer layer and initially has a temperature where the outer nickel layer lacks burst openings. Rapidly exposing the nickel-coated polymer substrate to a temperature of at least about 600.degree. C. thermally decomposes the polymer substrate and bursts holes through the outer nickel layer. The gases resulting from the thermally decomposed polymer substrate escape through the holes through the outer nickel layer to leave a nickel structure. Finally, annealing the nickel structure increases strength of the nickel structure to produce a ductile foam product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of an alloy having excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which comprises subjecting a powdery mixture comprising a powder of at least one matrix metal selected from the group consisting of Fe-based alloys, Co-based alloys and Ni-based alloys and a vanadium carbide powder to a heat treatment, wherein by repeating fusion and re-fusion by a heat treatment using a heat source having a high energy density, a phase of uniform and fine vanadium carbide particles is recrystallized and/or redeposited in the matrix metal phase.

Abstract: A fuel assembly avoiding the generation of irradiation damage, a Zr alloy used for the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. According to one embodiment, a super-saturated solid-solution Zr alloy powder having a crystal grain size in the range of 1000 nm or less and containing Fe, Ni and Cr is prepared by mechanical alloying, and the alloy powder is subjected to HIP, hot-working, cold-working and final heat-treatment.

Abstract: An improved elongate aluminum alloy product, and a method of producing such a product, ideally suited for use as a component in a vehicle frame or subassembly, i.e., body-in-white. The alloy consists of essentially 0.45 to 0.7% magnesium, and about 0.35 to 0.6%, silicon, and about 0.1 to 0.35%, vanadium, and, 0.1-0.4% iron, preferably 0.15 to 0.3%, the balance substantially aluminum and incidental elements and impurities.

Abstract: Protection of a metal surface is carried out by applying a coating of vitreous enamel to the surface so that the enamel forms a strong bond with the metal and then spraying a coating of an atomized protective metal on the enamel. Preferably a peening operation is carried out on the surface of the sprayed metal simultaneously with or immediately after the spraying of the metal. The method is particularly advantageous in protecting steel marine structures against corrosion and, where the protective metal is cupro-nickel, fouling by marine creatures. The vitreous enamel forms an electrically insulating layer preventing galvanic action between the steel and the cupro-nickel in the presence of sea water.

Abstract: Weld filler alloys comprising aluminum, copper, lithium and, optionally, silver are disclosed which possess significantly improved fabricability and weldability. The weld filler alloys are free of magnesium and can be easily drawn into weld wire that is useful for welding aluminum-base alloys. Weldments made with the filler alloys exhibit highly improved mechanical, physical and corrosion resistance properties. The weld filler alloys may be used to weld cryogenic containers for space launch vehicles and the like.

Abstract: Process for producing novel nickel superalloy bodies having increased resistance of to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. The process comprises applying a thin layer of a platinum-group metal and heating to an elevated temperature to diffuse or integrate the platinum-group metal into the surface of the metal superalloy. Then the superalloy body is packed into a container filled with a diffusion powder composition containing sources of aluminum and chromium metals and heated in a hydrogen gas atmosphere to an elevated temperature to codeposit and diffuse aluminum and chromium into the platinum-group metal-treated surface. Finally, the superalloy body is removed from the diffusion coating container and heated to the solvus temperature to form a ductile surface having an outer zone microstructure comprising a normally brittle PtAl.sub.2 which has been ductilized by the solutioning therein of beta chromium. This ductilized PtAl.sub.

Abstract: A method of making twin roll cast clad material includes producing a composite material using a liner stock produced by drag casting techniques. The drag cast liner stock can be directly used in a twin roll continuous casting process without additional process steps such as heat treatment, surface cleaning and/or rolling. The drag cast liner stock can be applied to one or both of the surfaces of the twin roll cast material to produce a composite material that is useful in a cast form or can be adapted for reduction by rolling processes or the like. The twin roll cast cladding process can utilize aluminum alloy core and cladding materials to form a brazing sheet from the as-cast composite material.

Abstract: The component comprises a body (5) composed of an alloy based on a .gamma.-titanium aluminide, a steel body (2) and a connecting piece (4) composed of a nickel-base alloy. The .gamma.-titanium aluminide body (5) and the steel body (2) are rigidly joined together by means of the connecting piece (4). The joint between the .gamma.-titanium aluminide body (5) and the connecting piece (4) is produced by friction welding. The nickel-base alloy has a nickel content of less than 65 percent by weight. This achieves the result that the friction-welding joint of the .gamma.-titanium aluminide body (5) to the connecting piece (4) can be produced at comparatively low temperatures. During the friction welding, the risk of crack formations in the embrittlement-prone .gamma.-titanium aluminide body (5) is therefore appreciably reduced.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a process for manufacturing galvannealed steel sheets having high anti-powdering property as required when they are press formed, and stabilized frictional properties in a coil. Steel sheets are plated in a bath having a low aluminum content, while they have, when entering the bath, a low temperature as defined in relation to the aluminum content of the bath, so that an alloying reaction may be prevented. Then, the sheets are heated for alloying in a high-frequency induction heating furnace so that the sheets leaving the furnace may have a temperature of from over 495.degree. C. to 520.degree. C. to yield galvannealed consisting mainly of a .delta..sub.1 phase. An iron or iron-alloy top coating having an appropriate iron content can be applied onto the plated steel surface to improve its paintability.

Abstract: When hard-substance parts are soldered onto steel bases, thermal stresses are produced between the hard substance and the steel. These stresses can be reduced by means of using a multilayer solder in which the middle layer consists of a precipitation-hardenable copper alloy or nickel alloy provided on both sides with a layer of a hard-solder alloy whose working temperature is at least 50.degree. C. below the melting point of the precipitation-hardenable copper alloy or nickel alloy. A tempering treatment at 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. is carried out after the soldering in order to achieve a precipitation hardening of the middle layer.

Abstract: A cobalt base, high temperature brazing alloy having a composition, by weight of:______________________________________ Nickel from about 8.5% to about 12.5% Chromium from about 24% to about 40% Tungsten from about 0% to about 9% Carbon from about 0.03% to about 0.6% Boron from about 0.01% to about 3.5% Silicon from about 1.0% to about 11% Manganese up to about 2% Cobalt Balance ______________________________________is provided for use in the repair of Co-base turbine component superalloys.

Abstract: A method of strengthening an aluminum casting by modifying qualities of a specified part thereof comprises the steps of forming a weld overlay on the specified part using powders made of heat resisting element and remelting the specified part, now overlaid with the layer of heat resisting alloy layer, using high density energy.

Abstract: A protective layer for a metal substrate is metallurgically bonded to the substrate and contains (as a percentage by mass) 35 to 50% chromium, up to 10% of which can be replaced by molybdenium, and at least iron, the proportion of iron being at least 25%. The minimum hardness is 800 HVO.1, obtained by a structure having a minimum content of 5% by volume as sigma phase. The sigma phase is obtained by heat-treatment of the coated substrate. The protective layer is particularly resistant to corrosion and also has good resistance to erosion and wear.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for thermodynamically treating a region joining two members. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, are the steps of heating the region to a first temperature generally within a range of 750.degree. F. and 850.degree. F. so as to diffuse a strengthening material in the region into a heat affected zone between the members; maintaining the first temperature for a first selected time within a range of 3 to 20 hours so as to raise the percentage of strengthening material diffusing into the heat affected zone; heating the region to a second temperature generally within a range of 900.degree. F. to 1000.degree. F. so as to initiate hardening of the heat affected zone; maintaining the second temperature for a second selected time generally within a range of 0.5 to 5 hours so as to harden the heat affected zone with minimal decrease in hardening of regions outside the heat affected zone; and cooling the region to room temperature.

Abstract: A piece to be magnetized and a covering cap are brazed together to a member, such as a spring seat for a diesel engine injector needle lift sensor. The entire assembly is then subjected to a vacuum ion treatment to case-harden at least the cap and the wear surface of the member. Either before or after the member is case-hardened, the assembly is subjected to an electromagnetic field to magnetize the piece through the cap.

Abstract: An annealing apparatus is described which is designed, manufactured, preassembled and tested at a factory in equal-sized, longitudinal, self-contained segments. In a typical arrangement each segment is one-quarter of the total unit. Each segment includes a support frame, an arcuate heater shell covered with a plurality of heaters and thermocouples, heater and thermocouple connectors, a segmented upper flange, a utility flange and connectors for attaching adjacent segments. Each segment is transported to the nuclear reactor, fit through the equipment hatch of the containment building and assembled in the reactor vessel with the remaining segments using a crane in the building. Appropriate connections for the individual heaters and thermocouples of each segment are made by personnel introduced into the building and are led out the top of the annealing apparatus to a control station.