Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid cooling system with water quality monitoring, which comprises a first inlet, a first outlet, a heat exchange unit, a sensing unit, and a control unit connected to the sensing unit and a first pump. The heat exchange unit has a heat exchanger connected to the first inlet and the first pump connected to the first outlet and the heat exchanger. The first pump is used to drive a first working liquid after heat exchange in the heat exchanger. The sensing unit senses a pH value of a first working liquid to generate a sense signal. The control unit compares the sense signal with a preset pH range to generate a compared result which is sent to an external interface. By means of the design of the present invention, the pH value of water can be monitored.

Abstract: A method for electrochemical treatment of water is provided. The method includes providing a flow-through reactor including a cathode and an anode, wherein the anode includes about 80 weight percent or greater of a sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide. The method further includes applying power to the cathode and the anode, passing a solution including water and a metal chloride through the flow-through reactor, and withdrawing the purified water.

Abstract: A load arrangement is provided for powering a load on a surface (30) of a marine structure (50) exposed to a liquid (10). The load arrangement has a carrier (100) and a conductor arrangement (110) arranged on the surface of the marine structure and coupled to one pole of a power source (1). The other pole is coupled to the liquid. The carrier has a back surface (102) to cover part of the conductor arrangement and the surface (30) of the marine structure. A load (20) in the carrier receives supply current from the power source via a front electrode (130) arranged for coupling to the liquid, and a back electrode (120) at the back surface arranged for coupling to the conductor arrangement. The load may be an UV-C LED for emitting anti-fouling light.

Abstract: A solar fuels generator includes an anolyte and a catholyte in contact with a separator. The separator is configured such that the pH of the anolyte and the pH of the catholyte are each held at a steady state pH level during operation of the solar fuels generator. The steady state pH level of the anolyte is different from the steady state pH level of the catholyte.

Abstract: An improved marine anode sled comprises a single piece casting with high surface to weight ratio providing increased active surfaces and improved reliability. In one embodiment the anode weighs about 2,000 lbs and has an active surface area of about 5,000 square inches and a current output capacity of up to 160 amps. The improved anode has considerably higher current output than existing anode sleds with similar weight. Unlike known anode sleds, the entire exposed surface of new anode sled is anode material and passes current to a surrounding medium. The single piece casting eliminates structural failure when a frame of know anode sleds is damaged, and electrical failure when cables connecting multiple anodes are damaged. Two redundant lead cable are attached proximal to opposite corners to optimize reliability and electrical performance.

Abstract: A device for preparing washing water, belonging to the technical field of electro-chemical and membrane filtration water treatment. The device comprises a water container which is respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; at least one pair of a cathode and an anode are arranged within the water container; a water-permeable porous membrane is clamped between the coupled cathode and anode with no gaps, and the area of the inside of the water-permeable porous membrane opposite the cathode or the anode is smaller than the area of the inside of the cathode or the anode opposite the water-permeable porous membrane. The device can generate washing water which contains a large a number of ultra-micro bubbles and strong oxidation factors and has excellent reducibility.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen-containing water generating electrode includes a positive electrode that is a tubular conductor and includes a plurality of openings in a side portion, an insulator that is provided on an outer peripheral portion of the positive electrode and includes a plurality of openings, and a negative electrode that is a tubular conductor provided on an outer peripheral portion of the insulator and includes a plurality of openings in a side portion. The openings of the positive electrode and the openings of the negative electrode are larger than the openings of the insulator.

Abstract: In a method of corrosion protection of rebar in concrete the sacrificial anode is held in place by wrapping a first wire around a first rebar portion and a second wire at second rebar portion and twisting together the first and second free ends to tension the wrappings. This can be used either on two separate rebars which are parallel or at right angles or can be used at longitudinally spaced positions on a single rebar where the rebar roughening prevents the two wrappings from sliding as the wires are tensioned by the twisting. In many cases a covering material such as a porous mortar is cast onto the outer surface of the anode and in this case the mortar and the wire are located such that the wire exits from the sacrificial anode at a position separate from the layer of covering material.

Abstract: A multiphase selector includes a first electrode, a switching layer coupled to the first electrode, a capping layer coupled to the switching layer, and a second electrode coupled to the capping layer. The switching layer may include a matrix having a first, relatively insulating phase of a transition metal oxide; a second, relatively conducting phase of the transition metal oxide dispersed in the matrix; and a catalyst, located within the matrix, to interact with the first phase of the transition metal oxide to selectively form and position the second phase of the transition metal oxide within the matrix.

Abstract: A discrete sacrificial zinc anode is fabricated from one or more slotted and slatted metal plates. The plates are fixed in a parallel planar configuration using conventional fasteners. One or more electrical connection wires are formed with a looped portion for spacing the anode assembly a predetermined distance from a steel reinforcing member.

Abstract: Communications systems are provided for use with an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system having single or multiple ICCP components. A pipeline may be provided by connecting multiple pipeline sections together as an integrated pipeline where each section has an associated ICCP system. A communications signal comprising an AC signal is impressed on the pipeline and received by receivers associated with power supplies associated with each ICCP system. Upon reception of the AC signal, a controllable switch is operated within the power supplies to synchronously disconnect them from their power source and thereby enable accurate testing of the ICCP system.

Abstract: The present invention includes an anodic device for reducing corrosion adapted to reduce corrosion of an object subject to corrosion having a base with a thickness and surface area, and a plurality of protrusions protruding from the base each having a thickness and surface area, wherein the device is configured to allow a current to flow between the device and the object subject to corrosion. The present invention also includes methods associated with the use of such devices.

Abstract: A partial surface treatment apparatus includes a first electrode member electrically connected to a treatment object including an outer circumferential surface and a circumferential groove, a second electrode member including an inner circumferential surface, a pair of annular-shaped elastic sealing members configured to seal a clearance between the outer circumferential surface and the inner circumferential surface, an accommodation portion accommodating each of the annular-shaped elastic sealing members, the annular-shaped elastic sealing members are movable in a diameter reduction direction, a pressure applying mechanism supplying a pressurized fluid to the annular-shaped elastic sealing members, the annular-shaped elastic sealing members are in pressure contact with the outer circumferential surface in a case where the annular-shaped elastic sealing members are moved in the diameter reduction direction, and a cutout formed at each of the annular-shaped elastic sealing members to be extended from an outer

Abstract: The invention describes a method of reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The method comprises the steps of providing a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The object is used as the working electrode. Electrical current is passed through the working and counter electrodes. The current through the counter electrode is varied such that the electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode. Also described is an apparatus for reducing or preventing microbes on an object using a potentiostatic device.

Abstract: Cathodic protection of steel in concrete is provided by locating an anode assembly including both a sacrificial anode and an impressed current anode in contact with the concrete and providing an impressed current from a power supply to the anode. The impressed current anode forms a perforated sleeve surrounding a rod of the sacrificial anode material with an activated ionically-conductive filler material between. The system can be used without the power supply in sacrificial mode or when the power supply is connected, the impressed current anode can be powered to provide an impressed current system and/or to recharge the sacrificial anode from sacrificial anode corrosion products.

Abstract: A cathodic protection device enclosing a reference cell and a conductive media and having two coupon assemblies mounted, facing opposing direction, on an exterior surface thereof is disclosed. The coupon assemblies each have a disc-shaped coupon seated in a coupon jacket and are electrically coupled to a wire. The coupon jacket is generally patch-sized and defines a pocket in a first surface and a groove in a second, opposing surface thereof. The disc-shaped coupon is seated in the pocket and the wire is seated in the groove with the electrical junction therebetween aligned with an aperture connecting the pocket to the groove. A sealing material is used to form a watertight seal between the disc-shaped coupon and the pocket and fills the groove. The device includes a hydrophilic porous member having a first surface in communication with the conductive media and a second surface in communication with an external environment.

Abstract: A steel reinforced concrete protector in an anode cavity such as a cored hole, drilled hole or cut chase is disclosed. The protector includes a sacrificial anode assembly and a separate backfill. The sacrificial anode assembly includes a sacrificial metal element and an activator to maintain an activity of the sacrificial metal element and at least one spacer. The spacer prevents the sacrificial metal element and the activator from contacting the surface of the anode cavity. The spacer and the sacrificial metal element have a coupling mechanism which facilitates connection of the sacrificial metal element to the spacer. The backfill is a pliable and viscous material which contains an electrolyte and fills the spaces between the sacrificial anode assembly and the anode cavity wall. The invention also relates to a pre-packaged sacrificial anode assembly to increase the shelf life of the assembly.

Abstract: A device for the cathodic protection of a metal wall against corrosion in a saline environment, includes an anode and means for connecting said anode to said wall. The anode has a higher electrochemical potential than the wall, wherein the anode is placed in a compartment delimited by a wall permeable to electrons and, optionally, to water. The device includes a porous outer layer made from a material selected from: polymeric materials, ceramic materials or hydrated inorganic materials and at least one porous layer having the ability to collect the cations emitted by the anode during the dissolution of same. The material forming the at least one layer is selected from osmotic membranes, active carbon, a cation exchange resin such as a zeolite, a cation-collecting polymer with nanofillers, cation-collecting mineral compounds such as phyllosilicates and inosilicates, cation-retaining nanofiltering semi-permeable organic microporous membranes.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an ICCP system includes an AC-DC rectifier receiving AC power from an AC power source and providing a DC output having a constant voltage or a constant current, a cathode connection electrically coupling the AC-DC rectifier to a structure to be protected by the ICCP system, current-emitting anodes arranged in parallel and receiving the DC output from the AC-DC rectifier, and a controller communicating with the AC-DC rectifier to set a maximum value for the constant voltage or constant current of the DC output. In other embodiments, an ICCP system includes a converter assembly including an AC-DC rectifier and a rectifier chassis enclosing and environmentally sealing the AC-DC rectifier. The ICCP system also includes an environmentally-sealed controller communicating with the AC-DC rectifier and an environmentally-protected Input-Output connection assembly.

Abstract: A Segmented Sacrificial Anode Assembly (SSAA) includes anode segments made from an anodic material containing an electrically conductive core with electrically conductive threaded female connectors at each end, Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) isolators, and male threaded connectors. A number of the anode segments are connected by short male threaded connectors. A long male connector reaching through the isolator is used when connecting the SSAAs to a standing structure and an electrical cable is used to connect the SSAAs to a buried structure. An electrical lead is attached to a threaded post using pin brazing or Cadweld® and the threaded post is threaded into a recessed end threaded female connector of the SSAA. The recess is filled with two part epoxy. The anode segments may be selected from long, medium, and short anode segments to scale the SSAA for any given application.

Abstract: A multi purpose segmented Titanium Mixed Metal Oxide coated impressed current cathodic protection anode assembly (Ti MMO anode assembly). The Ti MMO anode assembly includes combinations selected from four anode components and four connection components. The various components may be assembled for different applications in liquid or soil environments for the prevention or reduction of corrosion and loss of structural integrity. For example, the Ti MMO anode assembly may be applied to protect pipelines, buried structures, piers and internal surface protection of tanks and vessels in different arrangements such as deep wells, shallow ground beds, or distributed individual anodes.

Abstract: To provide an anode, corrosion-protecting structure of a concrete constructions using this, and a corrosion protection method capable of protecting electrical corrosion, with little generation of gas due to electrolysis of water or chlorine compounds, by decreasing as far as possible the amount of processing performed on the structural body in on-site construction work and suppressing the voltage that is conducted therethrough to a low level. [Solution] A corrosion-protecting structure (1) is constituted by attaching an anode (10) to the surface layer (3) of a corrosion-protecting body (4) through a first electrolyte layer (12) on one face of a conductive layer (11) formed as a sheet. The electrolyte is formed as a sheet. The first electrolyte layer (12) having adhesiveness is attached to the conductive layer (11) and the surface layer (3) of the corrosion-protecting body (4).

Abstract: The cathodic protection of a reinforced concrete structure utilizes sacrificial anodes such as aluminum or zinc as well as alloys thereof. Each anode is embedded or substantially covered in a material consisting of a hydrophilic non-cementious open-cell foam. An activating agent such as one or more lithium salts is contained within the cells of the foam to maintain the anodes in an electrochemically active state. The activating agent may be immobilized in the cells using an aqueous gel such as agar. One or more metallic conductors electrically connect the anodes to the metal reinforcing members.

Abstract: An anode sled for assembly is disclosed which is constructed using a bag or sack which can be filled on-site with ballast. The sled design includes at least one stanchion or post extending upward from the sack and supports an anode. The sled can be used for both sacrificial anode and impressed current applications.

Abstract: This invention resides in corrosion control of electrical cables associated with cathodic protection systems. In the preferred embodiment the cable is in the form of passive metals chosen for electrolysis-corrosion-resistance, including titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, nickel, or alloys thereof. Small diameters may be used to make the cable flexible. The wires may be bare or enclosed insulator materials for easy handling. The invention which is applicable to the “impressed current” and “sacrificial anode” methods, is particularly advantageous in situations where the cable/structure is embedded deep in soil or concrete, and cannot be easily repaired or replaced if any damage occurs.

Abstract: The present invention develops dies, moulds, tools, workpieces and structures with active protection against corrosion (cathodic protection) in cooling circuits, often internal, independent of its complexity. Moreover, the protection can be renewed if considered appropriate. The protection is achieved through a thin coating layer which contains metallic elements more electronegative than the substrate to be protected and which is properly adhered to the mentioned substrate in order to ensure an efficient cathodic protection.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a subsea well assembly; wherein in an example embodiment the subsea well assembly includes an umbilical attached to a power source. The power source can be on a platform. Also included is a connector for connecting the umbilical to a receptacle included with the subsea well assembly and a subsea control module delivering power and control signals to the subsea well assembly. An impressed current protection module is integrated in the subsea control module that receives power from the umbilical.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing corrosion of a current bar in a corrosive environment. The non-reactive metal is fused around a reactive metal creating a shell and reducing the corrosion of the reactive metal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for electroplating metal onto substrates are disclosed. The electroplating apparatus comprise an electroplating cell and at least one oxidization device. The electroplating cell comprises a cathode chamber and an anode chamber separated by a porous barrier that allows metal cations to pass through but prevents organic particles from crossing. The oxidation device (ODD) is configured to oxidize cations of the metal to be electroplated onto the substrate, which cations are present in the anolyte during electroplating. In some embodiments, the ODD is implemented as a carbon anode that removes Cu(I) from the anolyte electrochemically. In other embodiments, the ODD is implemented as an oxygenation device (OGD) or an impressed current cathodic protection anode (ICCP anode), both of which increase oxygen concentration in anolyte solutions. Methods for efficient electroplating are also disclosed.

Abstract: An anode assembly for an impressed current cathodic protection system is disclosed. The anode assembly is arranged to protect a structure in a body of water. It includes an anode, an anode support and a base and is arranged to be electrically connected to the cathodic protection system. The base is a weighted member. The anode comprises a spherical hollow titanium body coated with a mixed metal oxide and filled with a non-conductive material. The anode support is an elongated titanium tube that projects upward from the base. The anode is welded on the top portion of the support to be disposed above the bed of the body of water. The anode assembly is connected to the cathodic protection system by an electrical connector mounted in a box.

Abstract: It is described a metal anode for cathodic protection in form of mesh ribbon having meshes whose holes are of rhomboidal shape, characterised by having such holes of rhomboidal shape arranged with the major diagonal oriented along the direction of the ribbon length and by the fact that the side edges along the ribbon length are free from cutting protrusions. It is also described a method for obtaining such anode.

Abstract: An anode and backfill steel protector combination for inserting into at least one cavity which is mechanically formed in steel reinforced concrete. The anode and the backfill steel protector combination comprises an anode for insertion into the at least one cavity with the anode comprising a sacrificial metal element less noble than steel and a backfill which comprises a viscous and pliable ionically conductive material for insertion into the at least one cavity. The backfill is packaged within a cartridge and the cartridge is a cartridge for use with a cartridge which facilitates injecting the backfill from the cartridge into the at least cavity formed in the concrete. The backfill in a cartridge has a shelf life of at least 2 days.

Abstract: An electric field modifier for boosting current output of a sacrificial anode for reinforced concrete to enhance its protective effect and direct the current output in a preferred direction to improve current distribution in galvanic protection of steel exposed to air. The combination comprises a sacrificial anode and an electric field modifier and an ionically conductive filler embedded in a cavity and the sacrificial anode is directly connected to the steel. The modifier comprises an element with an anode side supporting an oxidation reaction in electronic contact with a cathode side supporting a reduction reaction. The cathode of the modifier may form a cell with the sacrificial anode and is separated therefrom by the filler. The filler contains an electrolyte that connects the sacrificial anode to the cathode of the modifier. The reduction reaction on the cathode of the modifier may substantially comprise the reduction of oxygen from the air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrolytic cathode assemblies typically used in the refining or winning of metals and to methods of manufacturing and using same. The cathode assembly comprises an electrically conductive hanger bar and a deposition plate attached along an upper end to the hanger bar to define a joint. The cathode assembly further comprises a protective covering having lateral edges and surrounding the hanger bar and a portion of the upper end of the deposition plate so as to substantially enclose the joint and to leave end portions of the hanger bar exposed outside of the lateral edges of the protective covering. Each end of the protective covering includes a corrosion resistant material positioned to form a substantially continuous seal between the protective covering and the hanger bar, thereby to at least hinder fluid flow into the protective covering. Methods of manufacturing and using the electrolytic cathode assemblies are also described.

Abstract: An anode assembly for an impressed current cathodic protection system is disclosed. The anode assembly is arranged to protect a structure in a body of water. It includes an anode, an anode support and a base and is arranged to be electrically connected to the cathodic protection system. The base is a weighted member. The anode comprises a spherical hollow titanium body coated with a mixed metal oxide and filled with a non-conductive material. The anode support is an elongated titanium tube that projects upward from the base. The anode is welded on the top portion of the support to be disposed above the bed of the body of water. The anode assembly is connected to the cathodic protection system by an electrical connector mounted in a box.

Abstract: Apparatus for connection to a metallic structure, the apparatus comprises a transformer rectifier unit operable to output a DC current for cathodic protection of a metallic structure, and a modulator unit connected to receive a DC output from the transformer rectifier unit. The modulator unit is arranged for connection to a metallic structure, and is operable to produce a modulated current which is applied to such a metallic structure when the apparatus is in use, such that the metallic structure is detectable by a wireless locating device. The modulator unit is operable to be controlled remotely.

Abstract: A method of protecting a metal section in concrete. The method comprises the steps of providing a sacrificial anode and embedding the sacrificial anode in a porous matrix in the cavity; providing a source of DC power with positive and negative connections and electrically connecting one of the connections of the source of DC power to the metal section to be protected; electrically connecting the a sacrificial anode in series with the other connection of the source of DC power and spacing the source of DC power from the cavity and the connections to the source of DC power which comprise at least one of wires and cables; and driving an anode current density from the sacrificial anode in excess of 500 mA/m2. An apparatus of protecting a metal section in concrete is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring cathodic protection of a protected object that includes a probe with five segments in series. The cathodic protection is provided by a system with a power supply that impresses current onto the protected object. An anode is included with the system that is also connected to the power supply. The third and fifth segments are in electrical communication through a frangible connection; that over time galvanically corrodes to electrically isolate the third and fifth segments. The second segment, which is a permanent isolator, is set between the first and third segments. The third segment is selectively connected with the protected object. When the third segment is selectively disconnected from the protected object, measuring the potential difference between the third segment and the first segment yields a value for object polarization that is void of IR error.

Abstract: Apparatus for connection to a metallic structure, the apparatus comprises a transformer rectifier unit operable to output a DC current for cathodic protection of a metallic structure, and a modulator unit connected to receive a DC output from the transformer rectifier unit. The modulator unit is arranged for connection to a metallic structure, and is operable to produce a modulated current which is applied to such a metallic structure when the apparatus is in use, such that the metallic structure is detectable by a wireless locating device. The modulator unit is operable to be controlled remotely.

Abstract: A method and a steel reinforced concrete protector in an anode cavity which comprises a cored or drilled hole or a cut chase formed in concrete. The protector comprises a sacrificial anode assembly and a separate backfill. The sacrificial anode assembly comprises a sacrificial metal element less noble than steel and an activator to maintain an activity of the sacrificial metal element. The at least one spacer prevents the sacrificial metal element and the activator from contacting the anode cavity. The spacer and the sacrificial metal element have a coupling mechanism which facilitates connection of the sacrificial metal element to the spacer. The backfill is a pliable and viscous material which contains an electrolyte, and the backfill facilitates embedding the anode assembly in the anode cavity. A prepackaged sacrificial anode assembly and a method of increasing a shelf life of the sacrificial anode is also covered.

Abstract: Techniques generally describe articles of enclosing manufacture and methods related to containers including a magnesium sacrificial anode for corrosion protection. Example articles of enclosing manufacture may include a liner or a rod that is configured as a sacrificial anode to protect a metallic side or end wall of the enclosing manufacture from corrosion. Other embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: In a structure for mounting a sacrificial electrode in a cooling water passageway provided in a cylinder block of a water-cooled engine for an outboard engine unit, the cooling water passageway is defined by a groove portion provided in the cylinder block and a lid member closing an opening of the groove portion, a gasket member is provided between the groove portion and the lid member, and a screw fixedly fastens the sacrificial electrode to a bottom wall of the cooling water passageway. The gasket member has an extension portion opposed to a surface of the head of the screw located remote from the bottom wall of the cooling water passageway.

Abstract: For substantially eliminating scale buildup in a water processing facility, a water treatment method having the steps: accepting a scale formation standard value amount of scale formation that would occur in the facility from a cubic meter of water; measuring water from a water source for total hardness, alkali hardness, pH, and temperature; and therewith substantially removing a calculated scale removal target quantity from each cubic meter of the water source water just prior to entry of said water into the facility. Essentially, just prior to entry of each quantity of predetermined water into a water flow-through processing facility, removing more than about 0.1% of dissolved scale from the water quantity albeit less than 10% of dissolved scale from the water quantity.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting system is provided with the ability to allow both primary and secondary portions of the circuit to be used in the alternative without having the primary and secondary systems interfere with each other by operating at the same time. By incorporating a continuity controller, such as a switch or a diode to selectively disconnect the sacrificial anode from the circuit, the primary and secondary systems can both be provided on a marine vessel, but used independently from each other. In that way, the primary and secondary corrosion inhibiting systems are prevented from interfering with each other during normal operation.

Abstract: A Segmented Sacrificial Anode Assembly (SSAA) includes anode segments made from an anodic material containing an electrically conductive core with electrically conductive threaded female connectors at each end, Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) isolators, and male threaded connectors. A number of the anode segments are connected by short male threaded connectors. A long male connector reaching through the isolator is used when connecting the SSAAs to a standing structure and an electrical cable is used to connect the SSAAs to a buried structure. An electrical lead is attached to a threaded post using pin brazing or Cadweld® and the threaded post is threaded into a recessed end threaded female connector of the SSAA. The recess is filled with two part epoxy. The anode segments may be selected from long, medium, and short anode segments to scale the SSAA for any given application.

Abstract: A multi purpose segmented Titanium Mixed Metal Oxide coated impressed current cathodic protection anode assembly (Ti MMO anode assembly). The Ti MMO anode assembly includes combinations selected from four anode components and four connection components. The various components may be assembled for different applications in liquid or soil environments for the prevention or reduction of corrosion and loss of structural integrity. For example, the Ti MMO anode assembly may be applied to protect pipelines, buried structures, piers and internal surface protection of tanks and vessels in different arrangements such as deep wells, shallow ground beds, or distributed individual anodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer (12) is caused to receive electromagnetic waves (1) to emit electrons; the emitted electrons are collected and supplied to an object to be protected against corrosion; and the electrons (3) are returned from the object to be protected against corrosion (16), to which the electrons (2) are supplied, to the semiconductor layer (12) via an electrolytic layer (14), to thereby cause an electric current to flow to the object to be protected against corrosion (16) to make a potential of the object to be protected against corrosion (16) low. In a corrosion protection structure (10), an electron supplier (13) is electrically connected to a object to be protected against corrosion (16), to thereby provide corrosion protection, the electron supplier (13) being made of a semiconductor layer (12) formed on a supporting member (11) that is capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves and has electrical conductivity.

Abstract: The installation and use of embedded sacrificial anodes to protect reinforced concrete may be improved. In one example a cavity [2] is formed in the concrete [3] and a puttylike backfill [4] is placed in the cavity and a compact discrete anode comprising a sacrificial metal element [1] is inserted into the backfill and a space is provided into which the backfill may move when subjected to a pressure arising from the formation of voluminous sacrificial meal corrosion products and a high current is passed from the anode to the steel in the concrete to arrest steel corrosion and activate the anode in the backfill. The space may be provided by venting the backfill to space outside the cavity through an opening [5] or by including a void space within the backfill [6] or a void space within the cavity [7].

Abstract: A gas turbine component and a method for producing an anti-erosion coating system are disclosed. The gas turbine component includes a basic material, on which an anti-erosion coating system is provided that is a multilayer system including at least one ductile metal layer and at least one hard, ceramics-containing layer for forming a partial anti-erosion system. At least one anti-corrosion layer that has a lower electrochemical potential than the basic material is provided between the partial anti-erosion system and the basic material, thus providing cathodic corrosion protection.

Abstract: A method and system for protecting underground gas carrier pipes housed within an outer casing pipe in which a gas carrier pipe section disposed within an outer casing pipe section and having opposed ends is electrically isolated from a remaining gas carrier pipe section proximate each of the ends. An annular space between the gas carrier pipe section and the outer casing pipe section is filled with an electrolyte. At least one anode electrode is inserted into the annular space distal from each of the gas carrier pipe section and the outer casing pipe section and connected with a positive voltage lead of a cathodic protection rectifier. A negative voltage lead of the cathodic protection rectifier is connected to the gas carrier pipe section.